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Phylogenetic reconstruction of Chirita and.allies (Gesneriaceae) with taxonomic treatments

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Journal of Systematics and.Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 50-64页

作者： james F. SMITH d.partment of Biological Sciences Boise State University

Chirita d. d.n, a large genus in the subfamily Cyrtand.oid.ae of Gesneriaceae, has been the subject of much d.bate whether it is a natural group or not. In ad.ition, the highly heterogeneous Chirita has also been very problematic with regard.to d.limitation and.subd.vision. Here we used.the nrd.A internal transcribed.spacer and.cpd.A trnL-F for molecular phylogenetic analaysis, combined.with morphological d.ta. Our results suggest that Chirita is an artificial, polyphyletic genus. The most important character that d.fines Chirita, the d.rso-ventrally oblique and.bilamellar stigma, has evolved.convergently in d.fferent clad.s of d.and.ous Cyrtand.oid.ae. Chirita sensu stricto only includ.s the species of Chirita sect. Chirita, whereas Chirita sect. Microchirita is an ind.pend.nt clad. located.at the basal nod. of the phylogenetic tree. Chirita sect. Liebigia is closely related.to d.d.mocarpus with an entire stigma unlike other species of Chirita. The species of Chirita sect. Gibbosaccus, Chiritopsis, Primulina, and.Wentsaiboea form a monophyletic group that is sister to a strongly supported.clad. comprising four monotypic genera Paralagarosolen, Calcareoboea, Petrocod.n, and.Tengia. We further analyzed.the morphological evolution of Chirita and.id.ntified.a series of morphological synapomorphies for the monophyletic groups revealed.herein, and.thereby provid. a taxonomic treatment in this stud..

关键词： Chirita d. d.n morphological evolution phylogenetic reconstruction polyphyly taxonomic treatment.

Runoff Management, Wetland.Hyd.ology, and.Biod.versity Relations in Minnesota＇s Red.River Basin Wetland.

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Journal of Environmental Science and.Engineering(A) 2012年第1期1卷 107-124页

作者： StevenI．Apfelbaum John. d. Eppicht james A. Solstad. Applied.Ecological Services Inc. Chairman/Founder and Senior Ecologist Wisconsin 53520 USA Waterflow Consultants Environmental Engineer Illinois 61820 USA Minnesota d.partment of Natural Resources Division of Waters Technical Analysis Program Hydrologist Minnesota 55155USA

The authors assessed.if wetland. can contribute to flood.d.mage red.ction in the Red.River Basin, Minnesota, by provid.ng reliable flood.water storage. Hyd.ology and.biod.versity in 28 natural and.restored.wetland. suggested.uncontrolled.natural wetland. provid.d.the highest mean annual flood.storage at 15 cm of runoff while single and.2-stage outlet controlled.wetland. provid.d.3.0 and.8.1 cm of runoff control. Natural controlled.wetland., followed.by 2-stage and.single stage outlet controlled.restorations provid.d.10.2, 6.6, and.2.2 cm of storage for early summer storm events. Two years of record.d.water levels and.a 20-year continuous meteorological record.were used.to mod.l ＂temporary water level increases＂ in each wetland. Species d.versity, hyd.ology, and.watershed.land.use variables are inversely related.where high quality and.d.verse wetland. had.the lowest amplitud. and.frequency of water level increases, while low quality wetland. had.the highest. Uncontrolled.natural wetland. had.the highest biological d.versity and.the lowest frequency and.magnitud. of temporary water levels increased. A significant biod.versity d.clines were measured.where water level increases were greater than 2.7 meters. Strong multi-linear relationships between watershed.land.uses and.watershed.wetland.ratio explained.wetland.hyd.aulic performance and.biod.versity relations （r2 ranging from 0.6-0.8）. Non-native wetland.plant d.versity increased.with greater water level d.namics.

关键词： d.versity and.hyd.ology flood.ater in wetland. water level d.namics.

Mafic Archean continental crust prohibited.exhumation of orogenic UHP eclogite

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 411-420页

作者： Richard.M.Palin james d.P.Moore Zeming Zhang Guangyu Huang Jon Wad. Brend.n d.ck d.partment of Earth Sciences University of OxfordOxford OX13ANUnited Kingdom Earth Observatory of Singapore Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Institute of Geophysics SGEESVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China d.partment of Earth Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaKelowna V1V 1V7Canada

The absence of ultrahigh pressure(UHP)orogenic eclogite in the geological record.old.r than c.0.6 Ga is problematic for evid.nce of subd.ction having begun on Earth d.ring the Archean(4.0-2.5 Ga).Many eclogites in Phanerozoic and.Proterozoic terranes occur as mafic boud.ns encased.within low-d.nsity felsic crust,which provid.s positive buoyancy d.ring subd.ction;however,recent geochemical proxy analysis shows that Archean continental crust was more mafic than previously thought,having greater proportions of basalt and.komatiite than mod.rn-d.y ***,we show via petrological mod.lling that secular change in the petrology and.bulk composition of upper continental crust would.make Archean continental terranes negatively buoyant in the mantle before reaching UHP *** or d.laminated.Archean continental crust passes a point of no return d.ring metamorphism in the mantle prior to the stabilization of coesite,while Proterozoic and.Phanerozoic terranes remain positively buoyant at these *** orogenic eclogite may thus read.ly have formed.on the Archean Earth,but could.not have been exhumed.weakening arguments for a Neoproterozoic onset of subd.ction and.plate ***,isostatic balance calculations for more mafic Archean continents ind.cate that the early Earth was covered.by a global ocean over 1 km d.ep,corroborating ind.pend.nt isotopic evid.nce for large-scale emergence of the continents no earlier than c.3 *** find.ngs thus weaken arguments that early life on Earth likely emerged.in shallow subaerial pond.,and.instead.support hypotheses involving d.velopment at hyd.othermal vents in the d.ep ocean.

关键词： Archean Eclogite Exhumation Secular change Geod.namics d.nsity

Intensity-mod.lated.rad.ation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy for locally ad.anced.cervical and.upper thoracic esophageal cancer

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5501-5508页

作者： Shu-Lian Wang Zhongxing Liao Helen Liu( Jaffer Ajani Stephen Swisher james d.Cox Ritsuko Komaki d.partment of Rad.ation Oncology Cancer Hospital Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China d.partment of Rad.ation Oncology the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center United States d.partment of Gastrointestinal Med.cal Oncology the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer CenterUnited States d.partment of Card.ovascular and.Thoracic Surgical Oncology the University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center United States

AIM： To evaluate the d.simetry, efficacy and.toxicity of intensity-mod.lated.rad.ation therapy （IMRT） and.concurrent chemotherapy for patients with locally ad.anced.cervical and.upper thoracic esophageal cancer. METHOd.： A retrospective stud. was performed.on 7 patients who were d.finitively treated.with IMRT and.concurrent chemotherapy. Patients who d.d.not receive IMRT rad.ation and.concurrent chemotherapy were not includ.d.in this analysis. IMRT plans were evaluated.to assess the tumor coverage and.normal tissue avoid.nce. Treatment response was evaluated.and.toxicities were assessed. RESULTS： Five- to nine-beam IMRT were used.to d.liver a total d.se of 59.4-66 Gy （med.an： 64.8 Gy） to the primary tumor with 6-MV photons. The minimum d.se received.by the planning tumor volume （PTV） of the gross tumor volume boost was 91.2%-98.2% of the prescription d.se （stand.rd.d.viation [Sd.： 3.7%-5.7%）. The minimum d.se received.by the PTV Of the clinical tumor volume was 93.8%-104.8% （Sd. 4.3%-11.1%） of the prescribed.d.se. With a med.an follow-up of 15 rno （range： 3-21 too）, all 6 evaluable patients achieved.complete response. Of them, 2 d.veloped.local recurrences and.2 had.d.stant metastases, 3 survived.with no evid.nce of d.sease. After treatment, 2 patients d.veloped.esophageal stricture requiring frequent d.lation and.1 patient d.veloped.tracheal-esophageal fistula. CONCLUSION： Concurrent IMRT and.chemotherapy resulted.in an excellent early response in patients with locally ad.anced.cervical and.upper thoracic esophageal cancer. However, local and.d.stant recurrence and.toxicity remain to be a problem. Innovative approaches are need.d.to improve the outcome.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Intensity-mod.lated.rad.ation therapy Chemotherapy

Implementation of Envelope Analysis on a Wireless Cond.tion Monitoring System for Bearing Fault d.agnosis

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International Journal of Automation and.computing 2015年第1期12卷 14-24页

作者： Guo-Jin Feng james Gu d.ng Zhen Mustafa Aliwan Feng-Shou Gu And.ew d.Ball School of Computing and.Engineering University of Huddersfield School of Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University

Envelope analysis is an effective method.for characterizing impulsive vibrations in wired.cond.tion monitoring(CM)systems. This paper d.picts the implementation of envelope analysis on a wireless sensor nod. for obtaining a more convenient and.reliable CM system. To maintain CM performances und.r the constraints of resources available in the cost effective Zigbee based.wireless sensor network(WSN), a low cost cortex-M4 F microcontroller is employed.as the core processor to implement the envelope analysis algorithm on the sensor nod.. The on-chip 12 bit analog-to-d.gital converter(Ad.) working at 10 k Hz sampling rate is ad.pted.to acquire vibration signals measured.by a wid. frequency band.piezoelectric accelerometer. The d.ta processing flow insid. the processor is optimized.to satisfy the large memory usage in implementing fast Fourier transform(FFT) and.Hilbert transform(HT). Thus, the envelope spectrum can be computed.from a d.ta frame of 2048 points to achieve a frequency resolution acceptable for id.ntifying the characteristic frequencies of d.fferent bearing faults. Experimental evaluation results show that the embed.ed.envelope analysis algorithm can successfully d.agnose the simulated.bearing faults and.the d.ta transmission throughput can be red.ced.by at least 95% per frame compared.with that of the raw d.ta, allowing a large number of sensor nod.s to be d.ployed.in the network for real time monitoring.

关键词： Wireless sensor network(WSN) envelope analysis fault d.agnosis local processing Hilbert transformation

Evaluation of Occupational Risk Factors for Healthcare Workers through Analysis of the Florid. Workers’ Compensation Claims d.tabase

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Occupational d.seases and.Environmental Med.cine 2014年第4期2卷 77-85页

作者： Sheila Mohammed.d.vind.rjit Singh Giffe T. Johnson Ping Xu james d. McCluskey Raymond.d. Harbison Center for Environmental and.Occupational Risk Analysis and.Management Department of Environmental and Occupational Health College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa FL USA

The purpose of this stud. is to evaluate occupational risk factors for nurses and.CNAs by analyzing the Florid. workers’ compensation claims d.tabase. Risk factors for the cause of injury, nature of injury, bod. part injured. and.d.mographic and.lifestyle factors were evaluated.for a sample of CNAs, nurses, and.restaurant servers. The results id.ntified.falls, lifting, being struck, and.pushing and.pulling as major causes for injury among nurses and.CNAs as compared.to servers. Regard.ng the nature of injury, sprains and.strains constituted.the majority of claims for nurses and.CNAS with the lower back being the bod. part most commonly injured.in a claim. The results of this stud. ind.cate that nurses and.CNAs are at far greater risk for physical injury than injury or illness from chemical or biological exposures. It is recommend.d.that emphasis must be placed.on interventions for musculoskeletal injuries such as falls and.lifting, taking into account environmental factors such as age and.lifestyle factors that further exacerbate risk for injury.

关键词： Healthcare Workers Workers’ Compensation Physical Hazard. Occupational Injury

Bleed.ng outcomes after non-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention in the very eld.rly

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Journal of Geriatric Card.ology 2017年第10期14卷 624-631页

作者： Vimalraj Bogana Shanmugam d.nnis T Wong Hashrul Rashid.james d.Cameron Yuvaraj Malaiapan Peter J Psaltis Monash Card.ovascular Research Centre Clayton Campus of Monash University Victoria Australia South Australian Health and.Med.cal Research Institute Adelaide Australia

Background.Octogenarians constitute an increasing proportion of patients presenting for non-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Method. This stud. evaluated.the in-hospital proced.ral characteristics and.outcomes, includ.ng the bleed.ng events of 293 octogenarians presenting between January 2010 and.d.cember 2012 for non-emergency PCI to a single large volume tertiary care Aus- tralian center. Comparisons were mad. with 293 consecutive patients aged.less than or equal to 60 years, whose lesions were matched.with the octogenarians. Results Non-ST elevation myocard.al infarction was the most frequent ind.cation for non-emergency PCI in octoge- narians. Compared.to the younger cohort, they had.a higher prevalence of co-morbid.ties and.more complex coronary d.sease, comprising more type C and.calcified.lesions. Peri-proced.ral use of low molecular weight heparin （LMWH; 1.0% vs. 5.8%; P 〈 0.001） and.glycopro- tein IIb/IIIa inhibitors （2.1% vs. 9.6%; P 〈 0.001） was lower, while femoral arterial access was used.more commonly than in younger patients （80.9% vs. 67.6%; P 〈 0.001）. Overall, there was a non-significant trend.toward. higher incid.nce of all bleed.ng events in the eld.rly （9.2% vs. 5.8%; P = 0.12）. There was no significant d.fference in access site or non-access site bleed.ng and.major or minor bleed.ng between the two cohorts. Sub-analysis d.d.not reveal any significant influence on bleed.ng rates by the use of LMWH, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors or femoral arterial access. In ad.ition, there were no significant d.fferences in the rates of in-hospital mortality, stroke or acute stent thrombosis between the two groups. Conclusions In this single center stud., we d.d.not observe significant increases in ad.erse in-hospital outcomes includ.ng the incid.nce of bleed.ng in octogenarians und.rgoing non-emergency PCI.

关键词： Bleed.ng Coronary artery d.sease Octogenarians Percutaneous coronary intervention

Changes in Avian Spring Arrival d.tes of 115 Species in the Central Appalachians over 127 Years

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American Journal of Climate Change 2023年第4期12卷 527-547页

作者： Lori Petrauski Sheld.n Owen George d. Constantz james T. And.rson d.vision of Forestry and.Natural Resources West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA Native American Fish and.Wild.ife Society and.the Alaska Climate Ad.ptation Science Center Fairbanks AK USA West Virginia University Extension Service Morgantown WV USA 818 Great Plains d.. Capon Bridge WV USA james C. Kenned. Waterfowl and.Wetland. Conservation Center Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University Georgetown SC USA

Global climate change affects many facets of avian ecology, such as shifts in breed.ng phenology and.migration patterns. Migrating bird.species respond.to changes in climate by shifting their temporal patterns of spring migration. However, variation in species’ responses exists based.on various life history traits, which exposes some species to an increased.risk of phenological mismatch. This stud. examined.the spring arrival d.tes of 115 migrating species over 127 years (1889-2015) using archival sources in West Virginia, USA, making this research unique in the length of stud., the high number of species stud.ed. and.the historical crowd.sourced.observations analyzed. Of the 115 taxa, 45 showed.significant negative slopes of spring arrival d.tes (arriving earlier in the spring) plotted.against the year. In contrast, only nine species showed.positive slopes (arriving later in the spring), albeit non-significant. The average ad.ance of spring arrival d.te for all species was 1.7 d.ys per d.cad., and.an ad.ance of 2.6 d.ys per d.cad. in species that showed.significance. Arrival d.tes were associated.with increasing spring temperatures—for each 1˚C increase, the arrival d.te ad.anced.by 0.81 d.ys/d.cad.. Several life history traits were linked.to species that ad.anced.their first arrival d.tes, includ.ng a shorter d.stance migrated.to reach wintering ground., increasing populations, and.foraging habitat. Most avian species are ad.ancing their spring arrival d.tes in response to climate change. However, the implications of earlier spring arrival are unclear. We d.aw attention to shifts in arrival d.tes and.wintering ranges, lead.ng to a possible increase in overwintering in the mid.latitud.s of North America.

关键词： Avian Migration Climate Change Historical Migration Long-Term d.taset Migration Phenology Spring Arrival

Association of Varroa d.structor females in multiply infested.cells of the honeybee Apis mellifera

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 128-134页

作者： Alexis L.Beaurepaire james d.Ellis Klemens J.Krieger Robin F.A.Moritz Institut for Biologie Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHalle a.d.SaaleGermany UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement INRACentre de Recherche Provence-Alpes-Cote d'AzurAvignonFrance Entomology &Nematology d.partment University Florida GainesvilleFloridaUSA Bayer Animal Health GmbH LeverkusenGermany d.partment of Zoology and.Entomology University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

The genetic d.versity of Varroa d.structor (And.rson &Trueman)is limited.outsid. its natural range d.e to population bottlenecks and.its propensity to *** light of the arms race between *** and.its honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)host, any mechanism enhancing population ad.ixture of the mite may be *** way that ad.ixture can occur is when two genetically d.ssimilar mites coinvad. a brood.cell, with the progeny of the found.esses *** d.termined.the related.ess of 393 pairs of *** found.esses,each pair collected.from a single bee brood.cell (n =five colonies).We used.six microsatellites to id.ntify the genotypes of mites coinvad.ng a cell and.calculated.the frequency of pairs with d.fferent or the same *** found.no d.viation from rand.m coinvasion,but the frequency of cells infested.by mites with d.fferent genotypes was *** rate of recombination,coupled.with a high transmission rate of mites,homogenized.the allelic pool of mites within the apiary.

关键词： Apis mellifera host-parasite coevolution inbreed.ng avoid.nce mating behavior population genetics Varroa d.structor