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Strong ozone production at a rural site in the North China Plain: Mixed effects of urban plumes and biogenic emissions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第9期30卷 261-270页

作者： Ruihan Zong Xue Yang Liang Wen Caihong Xu Yanhong zhu Tianshu Chen Lan Yao Liwei Wang Junmei Zhang Lingxiao Yang Xinfeng Wang Min Shao tong zhu Likun Xue Wenxing Wang Environment Research Institute Shandong University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Fudan Tyndall Center Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University State Key Laboratory for Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University

Regional ozone （O3） pollution has drawn increasing attention in China over the recent decade, but the contributions from urban pollution and biogenic emissions have not been clearly elucidated. To better understand the formation of the regional O3 problem in the North China Plain （NCP）, intensive field measurements of O3 and related parameters were conducted at a rural site downwind of Ji＇nan, the capital city of Shandong province, in the summer of 2013. Markedly severe 03 pollution was recorded, with the 03 mixing ratios exceeding the Chinese national ambient air quality standard on 28 days （a frequency of 78%） and with a maximum hourly value of 198 ppbv. Extensive regional transport of well-processed urban plumes to the site was identified. An observation-constrained chemical box model was deployed to evaluate in situ photochemical O3 production on two episodes. The results show that the in situ formation accounted for approximately 46% of the observed O3 accumulation, while the remainder （54%） was contributed by regional transport of the O3-laden urban plumes. The in situ ozone production was in a mixed controlled regime that reducing either NOx or VOCs would lead to a reduction of ozone formation. Biogenic VOCs played an important role in the local ozone formation. This study demonstrates the significant mixed effects of both anthropogenic pollution from urban zones and biogenic emission in rural areas on the regional 03 pollution in the NCP region, and may have general applicability in facilitating the understanding of the formation of secondary pollution over China.

关键词： Ozone Regional transport In situ photochemical formation Biogenic VOCs Observation-based model North China Plain

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采用有机朗肯循环的低温区域供热系统性能分析（英文）

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2018年第6期19卷 461-478页

作者： Hai WANG Hai-ying WANG tong zhu Nai-ping GAO School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji University

目的:在中国北方,需要采用更多的低温区域供热系统来适应节能型建筑的低能耗状况,而传统高温热源和低能耗建筑之间存在较大的能量品质差异。本文旨在研究一种新能源梯级利用系统,充分利用这一能量差异,并减少供热管网的热损失。创新点:1... 详细信息

目的:在中国北方,需要采用更多的低温区域供热系统来适应节能型建筑的低能耗状况,而传统高温热源和低能耗建筑之间存在较大的能量品质差异。本文旨在研究一种新能源梯级利用系统,充分利用这一能量差异,并减少供热管网的热损失。创新点:1.提出一种有机朗肯循环(ORC)与低温区域供热整合的系统,由有机朗肯循环提供水泵动力;2.建立系统模型,模拟不同连接方式下系统的供热性能和节能效果。方法:1.通过理论建模,构建有机朗肯循环、热力站换热器及循环水泵之间的能量转换关系;2.通过案例分析,比较换热器与ORC设备串联或并联两种供水和回水的组织方式的供热性能与节能性能。结论:1.对于低温区域供热系统,一次侧供水温度在110～150°C,二次侧回水温度为30°C或更低温度时,可在热力站内整合ORC设备。***设备输出功对供热的不利影响很小,ORC设备可产生足够的动力满足热力站内水泵的能耗。***与热力站换热器间可采用串联或并联的连接方式;对于热力站内水泵能耗大的场合,可采用串联方式,ORC设备可最大限度地利用两侧温差;采用并联方式时,ORC设备只与一部分一次侧供水和部分二次侧回水进行换热,并联设备之间的热力工况相互影响小。

关键词：区域供热低温供热有机朗肯循环能量评价管网

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模拟短脉冲激光在介质中传输的扩散综合有限元法

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计算物理 2012年第1期29卷 121-126页

作者：安巍朱彤同济大学机械工程学院上海200093 燕山大学车辆与能源学院秦皇岛066004

建立有限元模型,通过求解瞬态辐射传输方程模拟短脉冲激光在半透明介质中的传输.针对散射占优性半透明介质内辐射传输求解效率较差的问题,采用扩散综合加速迭代算法,提高计算效率,缩短计算时间.结果表明:采用精确解析式描述脉冲激光散... 详细信息

建立有限元模型,通过求解瞬态辐射传输方程模拟短脉冲激光在半透明介质中的传输.针对散射占优性半透明介质内辐射传输求解效率较差的问题,采用扩散综合加速迭代算法,提高计算效率,缩短计算时间.结果表明:采用精确解析式描述脉冲激光散射源项的求解策略可以获得准确的计算结果,精确地模拟快速变化的波前,不会产生数值扩散和数值振荡.此外,扩散综合迭代算法的计算时间仅为源项迭代的50%～60%.

关键词：有限元瞬态辐射传输吸收散射性介质

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Research on the Impacts of the Inertia and Droop Control Gains from a Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generator on the Frequency Response

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Energy Engineering 2022年第2期119卷 539-554页

作者： Dejian Yang Yien Xu tong zhu Yang Wang Qiuhan Cao Yuang Ma Enshu Jin Xinsong Zhang Haochen Sun School of Electrical Engineering Nantong UniversityNantongChina School of Electrical Engineering Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilinChina Transcell Technology NanjingChina

System frequency must be kept very close to its nominal range to ensure the stability of an electric power *** system frequency variations are able to result in load shedding,frequency instability,and even generator *** increasing wind power penetration,there is rising concern about the reduction in inertia response and primary frequency control in the electric power ***-based wind generation is capable of providing inertia response and primary frequency response;nevertheless,the primary frequency and inertia responses of wind generation are different from those of conventional synchronous fleets;it is not completely understood how the primary frequency and inertia responses affect the given system under various disturbances and available kinetic energy *** are used to investigate the influences of inertia and droop control strategies on the dynamic frequency responses,particularly the index of the second frequency drop under various disturbance and wind conditions.A quantitative analysis provides insight into setting of inertia and droop control coefficients for various wind and disturbance conditions to facilitate adequate dynamic frequency responses during frequency events.

关键词： Wind power inertia control droop control frequency stability

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Environmental enrichment combined with fasudil treatment inhibits neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region and ameliorates memory deficits

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1460-1466页

作者： Gao-Jing Xu Qun Zhang Si-Yue Li Yi-tong zhu Ke-Wei Yu Chuan-Jie Wang Hong-Yu Xie Yi Wu Department of rehabilitation Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Jinshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Currently, no specific treatment exists to promote recovery from cognitive impairment after a stroke. Dysfunction of the actin cytoskeleton correlates well with poststroke cognitive declines, and its reorganization requires proper regulation of Rho-associated kinase(ROCK) proteins. Fasudil downregulates ROCK activation and protects neurons against cytoskeleton collapse in the acute phase after stroke. An enriched environment can reduce poststroke cognitive impairment. However, the efficacy of environmental enrichment combined with fasudil treatment remains poorly understood. A photothrombotic stroke model was established in 6-week-old male C57 BL/6 mice. Twenty-four hours after modeling, these animals were intraperitoneally administered fasudil(10 mg/kg) once daily for 14 successive days and/or provided with environmental enrichment for 21 successive days. After exposure to environmental enrichment combined with fasudil treatment, the number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region increased significantly, the expression and proportion of p-cofilin in the hippocampus decreased, and the distribution of F-actin in the hippocampal CA1 region increased significantly. Furthermore, the performance of mouse stroke models in the tail suspension test and step-through passive avoidance test improved significantly. These findings suggest that environmental enrichment combined with fasudil treatment can ameliorate memory dysfunction through inhibition of the hippocampal ROCK/cofilin pathway, alteration of the dynamic distribution of F-actin, and inhibition of neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region. The efficacy of environmental enrichment combined with fasudil treatment was superior to that of fasudil treatment alone. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Fudan University of China(approval No. 2019-Huashan Hospital JS-139) on February 20, 2019.

关键词： cognitive environment hippocampus injury neuroprotection pathway repair stroke

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Research Progress on Estimation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第3期34卷 482-498页

作者： Hongsheng ZHANG Xiaoye ZHANG Qianhui LI Xuhui CAI Shaojia FAN Yu SONG Fei HU Huizheng CHE Jiannong QUAN Ling KANG tong zhu Laboratory for Climate and Ocean–Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871 School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Atmospheric boundary layer height(ABLH)is an important parameter used to depict characteristics of the planetary boundary layer(PBL)in the lower *** ABLH is strongly associated with the vertical distributions of heat,mass,and energy in the PBL,and it is a key quantity in numerical simulation of the PBL and plays an essential role in atmospheric environmental *** this paper,various definitions and methods for deriving and estimating the ABLH are summarized,from the perspectives of turbulent motion,PBL dynamics and thermodynamics,and distributions of various substances in the *** methods for determining the ABLH by means of direct observation and remote sensing retrieval are reviewed,and comparisons of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are *** paper also summarizes the ABLH parameterization schemes,discusses current problems in the estimation of ABLH,and finally points out the directions for possible future breakthroughs in the ABLHrelated research and application.

关键词： atmospheric boundary layer height(ABLH) turbulent boundary layer aerosol accumulation layer remote sensing retrieval parameterization

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Health-oriented strategies are needed to optimize China’s 2025 clean air action plan

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2007-2008页

作者： Tao Xue Ning Kang Wei Wan tong zhu Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(PKU) School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management Center for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking UniversityHangzhou 311215China Clean Air Asia Beijing 100600China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Recently,China’s State Council issued the Continuous Improvement of Air Quality Action Plan(hereafter,the third action plan),which follows the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(2013–2017)(hereafter,the first action plan)and the Three-Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense Battle(2018–2020)(hereafter the second action plan).The first two action plans yielded nationwide health benefits[1–3],from improving lung function[4]to saving medical expenditures[5].Based on our previous estimates[6],due to reductions in the fine particulate matter(PM2.5)level,implementation of the first and second action plans was expected to increase life expectancy by 2.11 and 3.68 months.

关键词： action hereafter nationwide

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A prospective study (SCOPE) comparing the cardiometabolic and respiratory effects of air pollution exposure on healthy and pre-diabetic individuals

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第10期61卷 46-56页

作者： Yanwen Wang Yiqun Han tong zhu Weiju Li Hongyin Zhang BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Peking University Hospital Peking University

Air pollution is known to be a major risk factor for cardiopulmonary disease, but this is unclear for cardiometabolic disease (***). This is of considerable public health importance, given the nationwide epidemic of diabetes, accompanied by severe air pollution, in China. The evidence so far remained inadequate to answer questions of whether individuals with cardiometabolic dysfunctions are susceptible to air pollution and whether air pollution exacerbates diabetes development via certain biological pathways. In this manuscript, we summarize the results and limitations of studies exploring these two topics and elaborate our design of a prospective panel study (SCOPE) as a solution. We assessed and compared the health effect of air pollution among pre-diabetic individuals and matched healthy controls through four repeated clinical visits over 1 year. Comprehensive evaluation was made to both health endpoints and exposure. The primary biomarkers were assessed to reveal the impact on multiple biological pathways, including glycolipid metabolism and insulin resistance, endothelial function, and inflammation. Detailed chemical and size fractional components of particulate matter were measured in this study, along with the application of personal *** work should increase our understanding of how air pollution affects individuals with cardiometabolic dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.

关键词： panel study air pollution diabetes susceptibility cardiometabolic effect

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Mutations outside the YMDD motif in the P protein can also cause DHBV resistant to Lamivudine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第27期11卷 4261-4267页

作者： Jin-Yang He Yu-tong zhu Rui-Yi Yang Li-Ling Feng Xing-Bo Guo Feng-Xue Zhang Hong-Shan Chen Tropical Medicine Institute of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510405 Guangdong Province China Institute of Medical Biotechnology of CAMS and PUMC Beijing 100050 China

AIM: To observe the Lamivudine resistance character of a DHBV strain in vitro and in vivo, and to analyze if the Lamivudine resistance character is caused by gene mutation or by abnormity of the Lamivudine ***: Congenitally DHBV-negative Guangdong brown ducks and duck embryo liver cells were respectively taken as animal and cell model. The Lamivudine-susceptive DHBV and Lamivudine-resistant DHBV (LRDHBV) were infected and Lamivudine was administrated according to the divided groups. The changes of DHBV quantity in the animal and cell model were tested. Three Lamivudineresistant and two Lamivudine-susceptive DHBV complete genomes were successfully amplified, sequenced and then submitted to GenBank. All the DHBV complete sequences in the GenBank at present were taken to align with the three LRDHBV to analyze the mutational points related to the Lamivudine-resistant ***: Both the animal and cell model showed that the large and the small dosage Lamivudine have no significant inhibitory effect on the LRDHBV. Five sequences of DHBV complete genomes were successfully cloned. The GenBank accession numbers of the three sequences of LRDHBV are AY521226, AY521227, and AY433937. The two strains of Lamivudine-susceptive DHBV are AY392760and AY536371. The correlated mutational points are KorR86Q and AorE591T in the P ***: The Lamivudine resistance character of this DHBV strain is caused by genome mutation; the related mutational points are KorR86Q and AorE591T and have no relations with the YMDD motif mutation.

关键词： DHBV Lamivudine resistance Mutational points

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多分辨率三角形表及其应用

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系统仿真学报 2006年第Z1期18卷 35-38页

作者：方同祝西安精密机械研究所西安710075

一个网格模型的多分辨率表示由原模型信息与附加的多分辨率信息组成,由于两者独立存储,所以每次使用一个模型的多分辨率表示时,必须由原模型重新生成。给出了一种网格的多分辨率表示,支持模型渐渐简化、渐进细化及渐渐传输。还给出了这... 详细信息

一个网格模型的多分辨率表示由原模型信息与附加的多分辨率信息组成,由于两者独立存储,所以每次使用一个模型的多分辨率表示时,必须由原模型重新生成。给出了一种网格的多分辨率表示,支持模型渐渐简化、渐进细化及渐渐传输。还给出了这种多分辨率表示的构造方法,通过重新排序网格的三角形表与顶点表的元素,将所有多分辨率信息熔入三角形表之中(称为“多分辨率三角形表”)。由于没有增加任何额外变量,“多分辨率三角形表”仍是原网格的三角形表,一旦被生成后,可以被直接反复地使用。

关键词：三角形网格多分辨率表示存储空间渐渐传输

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