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Occult hepatitis B virus infection and surgical outcomes in non-B, non-C patients with curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第35期9卷 1286-1295页

作者： Hiroki Koga Keita Kai Shinichi Aishima Atsushi kawaguchi Koutaro Yamaji Takao Ide Junji Ueda Hirokazu Noshiro Department of Surgery Saga University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pathology Saga University Hospital Department of Pathology and Microbiology Saga University Faculty of Medicine Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine Saga University Faculty of Medicine

AIM To investigate the prevalence, clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of occult hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(OBI) in patients with non-B, non-C(NBNC) hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS This study retrospectively examined the cases of 78 NBNC patients with curative resection for HCC for whom DNA could be extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. OBI was determined by the HBV-DNA amplification of at least two different sets of primers by TaqM an realtime polymerase chain reaction. Possibly carcinogenetic factors such as alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, obesity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) were examined. Surgical outcomes were evaluated according to diseasefree survival(DFS), overall survival(OS) and diseasespecific survival(DSS).RESULTS OBI was found in 27/78 patients(34.6%) with NBNC HCC. The OBI patients were significantly younger than the non-OBI cases at the time of surgery(average age 63.0 vs 68.1, P = 0.0334) and the OBI cases overlapped with other etiologies significantly more frequently compared to the non-OBI cases(P = 0.0057). OBI had no impact on the DFS, OS or DSS. Only tumorrelated factors affected these surgical *** Our findings indicate that OBI had no impact on surgical outcomes. The surgical outcomes of NBNC HCC depend on early tumor detection; this reconfirms the importance of a periodic medical examination for individuals who have NBNC HCC risk factors.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Non-B non-C Occult hepatitis B virus infection Surgery Surgical outcome

Investigation of the factors affecting the limit of detection of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for surface inspection

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第3期21卷 174-181页

作者： Tadatake SATO Kenichi TASHIRO Yoshizo kawaguchi Hideki OHMURA Haruhisa AKIYAMA Electronics and Photonics Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST) Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) was examined to detect a trace substance adhered onto Al alloys for the surface inspection of materials to be adhesively bonded. As an example of Si contamination, silicone oil was employed and sprayed onto substrates with a controlled surface concentration. LIBS measurements employing nanosecond UV pulses(λ?=?266 nm) and an off-axis emission collection system with different detecting heights were performed. Because surface contaminants are involved in the plasma formed by laser ablation of the substrates, the relative contribution of the surface contaminants and the substrates to the plasma emission could be changed depending on the conditions for plasma formation. The limit of detection(LOD) was evaluated under several detecting conditions for investigating the factors that affected the LOD. A significant factor was the standard deviation values of signal intensities obtained for the clean substrates. This value varied depending on the measurement *** the Al alloy(A6061), the smallest LOD obtained was 0.529 μg?·?cm^(-2). Furthermore, an improved LOD(0.299 μg?·?cm^(-2)) was obtained for the Al alloy with a lower Si content.

关键词： laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy adhesive bonding surface contamination detection pre-bond surface inspection

Breast cancer stem-like cells and breast cancer therapy

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中华乳腺病杂志（电子版） 2010年第5期4卷 24-30页

作者： Niansong Qian Nobuko kawaguchi-Sakita Masakazu Toi Department of Breast Surgery Graduate School of MedicineKyoto University54 shogoin-kawahara cho

Until the early 1990s,human cancers were considered a morphologically heterogeneous population of *** 1997,Bonnet et al[1] demonstrated that a small population of leukemia cells was able to differentiate in vivo into ... 详细信息

关键词：乳腺癌癌细胞治疗临床

Inverse Source Locating Method Based on Graphical Analysis of Dye Plume Images in a Turbulent Flow

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2016年第4期6卷 343-360页

作者： Qianqian Shao Daichi Sekine Takahiro Tsukahara Yasuo kawaguchi Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University of Science Chiba Japan

The inverse estimation of a source location of pollutant released into a turbulent flow is a probability problem instead of a deterministic one, as the turbulent flow is chaotic and irreversible. However, researches can be conducted to provide helpful instructions to the possible source location with corresponding uncertainty. This study aims to propose a method of inverse estimation of a passive-scalar source location. Experimental investigation of the dye plume characteristics released into a fully-developed turbulent flow is performed in a water channel. A planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique is used to obtain two-dimensional images of spreading dye plumes at a bulk Reynolds number of 20,000. The distributions of high concentration areas in the PLIF images are chosen as features that characterize the traveling (diffusion) distance or time from the dye source. Graphical analysis is used to extract these high concentration areas. The procedure of graphical analysis has three steps: 1) binarization using a threshold to extract high concentration dye patches;2) labeling individual high-concentration dye patches in the binarized images;and 3) pixel-counting to measure the area and perimeter of each dye patch. We examine the variations of fractal dimension of patches, and the fractal dimension is observed to be almost constant irrespective of the distance from the source. The kurtosis of the probability density function curve of the logarithm dimensionless dye patch areas is found to be related with the downstream diffusion distance, based on which an inverse estimation method to locate a passive-scalar point source is proposed and evaluated.

关键词： Graphical Analysis Inverse Problem Passive Scalar Diffusion Source Estimation Turbulent Flow

Analysis of High Concentration Spikes Appearing in Mass Plume in Nearly Homogeneous Turbulent Flow Based on the PDF Transport Equation

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2016年第4期6卷 472-495页

作者： Masaya Endo Qianqian Shao Takahiro Tsukahara Yasuo kawaguchi Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University of Science Chiba Japan

To evaluate the pollutant dispersion in background turbulent flows, most researches focus on statistical variation of concentrations or its fluctuations. However, those time-averaged quantities may be insufficient for risk assessment, because there emerge many high-intensity pollutant areas in the instantaneous concentration field. In this study, we tried to estimate the frequency of appearance of the high concentration areas in a turbulent flow based on the Probability Density Function (PDF) of concentration. The high concentration area was recognized by two conditions based on the concentration and the concentration gradient values. We considered that the estimation equation for the frequency of appearance of the recognized areas consisted of two terms based on each condition. In order to represent the two terms with physical quantities of velocity and concentration fields, simultaneous PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and PLIF (Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence) measurement and PLIF time-serial measurement were performed in a quasi-homogeneous turbulent flow. According to the experimental results, one of the terms, related to the condition of the concentration, was found to be represented by the concentration PDF, while the other term, by the streamwise mean velocity and the integral length scale of the turbulent flow. Based on the results, we developed an estimation equation including the concentration PDF and the flow features of mean velocity and integral scale of turbulence. In the area where the concentration PDF was a Gaussian one, the difference between the frequencies of appearance estimated by the equation and calculated from the experimental data was within 25%, which showed good accuracy of our proposed estimation equation. Therefore, our proposed equation is feasible for estimating the frequency of appearance of high concentration areas in a limited area in turbulent mass diffusion.

关键词： High Concentration Spikes Quasi-Homogeneous Turbulence Turbulent Mass Diffusion Concentration PDF Transport Equation PIV and PLIF Simultaneous Measurement

The Experiment of COMMONS Game and the Environmental Education

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The Experiment of COMMONS Game and the Environmental Educati...

Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Frailty on Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Propensity Score Analysis

作者： Masashi kawaguchi Norio BABA National Institute of Technology Suzuka College Osaka Kyoiku University

Gaming has been recognized as a new method of solving problems. It is widely known as a method of solving problems which is to solve by simulation. We conducted the COMMONS game and reported its environmental educational effect. The COMMONS game is one method to environmental education using five kinds of cards and environmental state. In the experiment, seven groups of 42 students would attend the game, one group consisting of six players. A good solution was obtained. Additionally, students learned Improvement of environmental conditions and not pursue only their benefits. We realized that this experiment resulted in a desirable educational effect. In addition, we evaluated the results of the COMMONS game.

关键词： Gaming COMMONS game Environmental education

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2023年第2期13卷 23-31页

作者： Takayuki Yamanaka Mitsuru Ida Taich Kotani Masahiko kawaguchi Department of Anesthesiology Nara Medical University Kashihara Nara Japan

Purpose: The association between frailty and delirium has emerged as a research topic. Neurological symptoms have been reported among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its effects on delirium remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the incidence of delirium between patients with COVID-19 and those without COVID-19, and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and frailty on delirium. Methods: This retrospective study included patients aged ≥ 20 years who were admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2020 and February 2022. An inverse probability of treatment weighting using stabilized inverse propensity scores was adopted to minimize bias. After patient demographics were adjusted, the incidence of delirium, assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU, was compared between patients with COVID-19 and those without COVID-19. The effects of COVID-19 and the Clinical Frailty Scale score on delirium were analyzed by adjusting some covariates, including the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, using a generalized estimating equation. Results: Among 260 eligible patients, 226 patients were included. The weighted incidence of delirium was 56.9% and 61.9% in patients with and without COVID-19, respectively (p = 0.67). The generalized estimating equation revealed that the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for COVID-19, the CFS score, and the SOFA score were 1.49 (0.62 - 3.57), 1.46 (1.11 - 1.91), and 1.22 (1.10 - 1.36), respectively. Conclusion: CFS and SOFA scores on ICU admission may be associated with delirium, with no significant difference between patients with COVID-19 and those without COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Delirium Frailty Intensive Care Unit SARS-CoV-2

Endoscopic approach to the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic tumor

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第2期8卷 159-164页

作者： Yoshiaki kawaguchi Tetsuya Mine department of gastroen-terology tokai university school of medicineIsehara 259-1193Japan

Because of the aging of the population,prevalence of medical checkups,and advances in imaging studies,the number of pancreatic cystic lesions detected has increased. Once these lesions are detected,neoplastic cysts should be differentiated from non-neoplastic cysts. Furthermore,because of the malignant potential of some neoplastic pancreatic cysts,further differentiation between benign and malignant cysts should be made regardless of their size. Although endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) has a very high diagnostic performance for pancreatic cystic lesions among the various imaging modalities,EUS findings alone are insufficient for the differentiation of pancreatic cysts and diagnosis of malignancy. In addition,cytology by EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration(FNA) has a high specificity but a low sensitivity for diagnosing malignancy in pancreatic cystic tumors. The levels of amylase,lipase,and tumor markers in pancreatic cystic fluid are considered auxiliary parameters for diagnosis of benign and malignant cysts,and a definitive diagnosis of malignancy using these parameters is difficult. Thus,in addition to EUS,cytology by EUS-FNA,and cystic fluid analysis,new techniques based on EUS-guided through-the-needle imaging,such as confocal laser endomicroscopy and cystoscopy,have been explored in recent years.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography Endoscopic ultrasound-needleaspiration Pancreatic cystic tumor Cytology

Diffusion Process of High Concentration Spikes in a Quasi-Homogeneous Turbulent Flow

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2016年第4期6卷 371-390页

作者： Masaya Endo Qianqian Shao Takahiro Tsukahara Yasuo kawaguchi Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University of Science Chiba Japan

When a mass spreads in a turbulent flow, areas with obviously high concentration of the mass compared with surrounding areas are formed by organized structures of turbulence. In this study, we extract the high concentration areas and investigate their diffusion process. For this purpose, a combination of Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques was employed to obtain simultaneously the two fields of the concentration of injected dye and of the velocity in a water turbulent channel flow. With focusing on a quasi-homogeneous turbulence in the channel central region, a series of PLIF and PIV images were acquired at several different downstream positions. We applied a conditional sampling technique to the PLIF images to extract the high concentration areas, or spikes, and calculated the conditional-averaged statistics of the extracted areas such as length scale, mean concentration, and turbulent diffusion coefficient. We found that the averaged length scale was constant with downstream distance from the diffusion source and was smaller than integral scale of the turbulent eddies. The spanwise distribution of the mean concentration was basically Gaussian, and the spanwise width of the spikes increased linearly with downstream distance from the diffusion source. Moreover, the turbulent diffusion coefficient was found to increase in proportion to the spanwise distance from the source. These results reveal aspects different from those of regular mass diffusion and let us conclude that the diffusion process of the spikes differs from that of regular mass diffusion.

关键词： Turbulent Transport High Concentration Spikes Quasi-Homogeneous Turbulent Flow Conditional Sampling Technique PIV and PLIF Measurements Passive Scalar Diffusion