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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 524-532页

作者： tomer urcai Eran Levin Eran Gefen Gal Ribak Faculty of Life Sciences School of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Steinhardt Museum of Natural History Israel National Center for Biodiversity StudiesTel AvivIsrael Department of Biology University of Haifa-OranimKiryat TivonIsrael

The scaling of the energetic cost of locomotion with body mass is well documented at the interspecific ***,methodological restrictions limit our understanding of the scaling of flight metabolic rate(MR)in free-flying *** is particularly true at the intraspecific level,where variation in body mass and flight energetics may have direct consequences for the fitness of an *** applied a 13C stable isotope method to investigate the scaling of MR with body mass during free-flight in the beetle Batocera *** species exhibits large intraspecific variation in adult body mass as a consequence of the environmental conditions during larval *** show that the flight-MR scales with body mass to the power of 0.57,with smaller conspecifics possessing up to 2.3 fold higher mass-specific flight MR than larger *** the scaling exponent of free-flight MR was found to be like that determined for tethered-flight,the energy expenditure during free-flight was more than 2.7 fold higher than for *** metabolic cost of flight should therefore be studied under free-flight conditions,a requirement now enabled by the 13C technique described herein for insect flight.

关键词： allometry body mass Coleoptera free-flight insect flight stable carbon isotope tethered-flight

Metabolic cost of flight and aerobic efficiency in the rose chafer,Protaetia cuprea(Cetoniinae)

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1361-1372页

作者： tomer Urca Eran Levin Gal Ribak School of Zoology Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Steinhardt Museum of Natural History Israel National Center for Biodiversity StudiesTel AvivIsrael

Rose chafer beetles(Protetia cuprea)are pollinators as well as agricultural pests,flying between flowers and trees while foraging for pollen and *** the energy they expend on flying during foraging activity faces the challenge of measuring the metabolic rate(MR)of free-flying insects in an open *** overcame this challenge by using the bolus injection of ^(13)C Na-bicarbonate technique to measure their metabolic energy expenditure while flying in a large flight ***,we tracked the insects with high-speed cameras to extract their flight trajectory,from which we calculated the mechanical power invested in flying for each flight *** found that the chemical(metabolic)energy input converted to mechanical flight energy output at a mean efficiency of 10.4%±5.2%,with a trend of increased efficiency in larger conspecifics(efficiency scaled with body mass to the power of 1.4).The transition in the summer from a diet of pollen to that of fruits may affect the energy budget available for *** ***,feeding on apples ad libitum,increased their body mass by an average of 6%in 2 *** to our calculations,such a meal can power a 630-m flight(assuming a carbohydrate assimilation efficiency of 90%).Pollen,with a low water and carbohydrate content but rich in proteins and lipids,has a higher caloric content and should assimilate differently when converting food to flight *** high cost of aerial locomotion is inherent to the foraging behavior of rose chafers,explaining their short flight bouts followed by prolonged feeding activity.

关键词： aerobic eficieney bolus injection of^(13)C-Na-bicarbonate feeding capacity flight metabolic rate flower chafer bele free flight mechanical power

Invasive ant learning is not affected by seven potential neuroactive chemicals

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 87-97页

作者： Henrique Galante tomer J.Czaczkes Department of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology Animal Comparative Economics LaboratoryUniversity of Regensburg93053 Regensburg Germany

Argentine ants Linepithema humile are one of the most damaging invasive alien species *** or disrupting cognitive abilities,such as learning,has the potential to improve management efforts,for example by increasing preference for a bait,or improving ants'ability to learn its characteristics or ***-feeding insects are often the victims of psychoactive manipulation,with plants lacing their nectar with secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and non-protein amino acids which often alter learning,foraging,or ***,the effect of neuroactive chemicals has seldomly been explored in ***,we test the effects of seven potential neuroactive chemicals-two alkaloids:caffeine and nicotine;two biogenic amines:dopamine and octopamine,and three nonprotein amino acids:β-alanine,GABA and taurineon the cognitive abilities of invasive *** using bifurcation *** results confirm that these ants are strong associative learners,requiring as little as one experience to develop an ***,we show no short-term effect of any of the chemicals tested on spatial learning,and in addition no effect of caffeine on short-term olfactory *** lack of effect is surprising,given the extensive reports of the tested chemicals affecting learning and foraging in *** mismatch could be due to the heavy bias towards bees in the literature,a positive result publicationbias,ordifferences inmethodology.

关键词： associativelearning caffeine memory neuroactivechemicals

Leg or antenna injury in Cataglyphis ants impairs survival but does not hinder searching for food

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 441-450页

作者： tomer Gilad Arik Dorfman Aziz Subach Inon Scharf School of Zoology Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv University69978 Tel AvivIsrael

Injury is common in nature resulting,for example,from fighting,partial predation,or the wear of body *** is costly,expressed in impaired performance,failure in competition,and a shorter life span.A survey of the literature revealed the frequent occurrence of injury in ants and its various *** examined whether leg or antenna injury impacts food-discovery time and reduces the likelihood of reaching food in workers of the desert ant Cataglyphis *** examined the search-related consequences of injury in groups of either 4 or 8 workers searching for food in a short arena,a long arena,and a *** conducted a small field survey to evaluate the prevalence of injury in the studied ***,we compared the survival rates of injured versus uninjured workers in the *** was common in the field,with almost 9%of the workers collected out of the nest,found to be *** workers survived shorter than uninjured ones and there was a positive link between injury severity and ***,we could not detect an effect of injury on any of the searching-related response variables,neither in the arenas nor in the mazes *** suggest that workers that survive such injury are only moderately affected by it.

关键词： binary-tree maze desert ants foraging injury movement review survival

Dynamics in Deep Classifiers Trained with the Square Loss:Normalization,Low Rank,Neural Collapse,and Generalization Bounds

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Research 2023年第3期2023卷 69-89页

作者： Mengjia Xu Akshay Rangamani Qianli Liao tomer Galantil Tomaso Poggio Center for Brains Minds and MachinesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA Division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

We overview several properties—old and new—of training overparameterized deep networks under the square *** first consider a model of the dynamics of gradient flow under the square loss in deep homogeneous rectified linear unit *** study the convergence to a solution with the absolute minimumρ,which is the product of the Frobenius norms of each layer weight matrix,when normalization by Lagrange multipliers is used together with weight decay under different forms of gradient descent.A main property of the minimizers that bound their expected error for a specific network architecture isρ.In particular,we derive novel norm-based bounds for convolutional layers that are orders of magnitude better than classical bounds for dense ***,we prove that quasi-interpolating solutions obtained by stochastic gradient descent in the presence of weight decay have a bias toward low-rank weight matrices,which should improve *** same analysis predicts the existence of an inherent stochastic gradient descent noise for deep *** both cases,we verify our predictions *** then predict neural collapse and its properties without any specific assumption—unlike other published *** analysis supports the idea that the advantage of deep networks relative to other classifiers is greater for problems that are appropriate for sparse deep architectures such as convolutional neural *** reason is that compositionally sparse target functions can be approximated well by“sparse”deep networks without incurring in the curse of dimensionality.

关键词： bounds stochastic decay

The quest for optimal and reliable guidelines based on robust evidence for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第6期10卷 913-915页

作者： Daniel Azoulay David Bomze tomer Meirson Centre Hépato-Biliaire Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital Universitaire Paul BrousseInstitut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale(INSERM)Unité935and UniversitéParis-SaclayVillejuifFrance Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-oncology Sheba Medical CenterRamat-GanIsrael The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar-Ilan UniversitySafedIsrael

In 1991,Gordon *** described the evidence-based medicine(EBM)as“a focus on educating front-line clinicians in assessing the credibility of research evidence,understanding the results of clinical studies,and determining how best to apply the results to their everyday practice”(1).In 2010,Graham et *** clinical guidelines as“statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of the evidence and an assessment of the benefits and harms of alternative care options”(2).Since 2010,the number of clinical guidelines increased exponentially,and the query on PubMed with the term“new guidelines”produces 59,773 results.

关键词： Graham clinical treatment

Exciton fine structure in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 417-423页

作者： Sudipta Kundu tomer Amit H.R.Krishnamurthy Manish Jain Sivan Refaely-Abramson Centre for Condensed Matter Theory Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012India Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Present address:Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Moirésuperlattices of transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)heterostructures give rise to rich excitonic phenomena associated with the interlayer twist *** calculations of excitons in such systems are typically based on model moirépotentials that mitigate the computational ***,predictive understanding of the electron-hole coupling dominating the excitations is crucial to realize the twist-induced modifications of the optical selection *** this work,we use many-body perturbation theory to evaluate the relation between twist angle and exciton properties in TMD *** present an approach for unfolding excitonic states from the moiréBrillouin zone onto the separate-layer *** this method to a large-angle twisted MoS^(2)/MoSe^(2) bilayer,we find that the optical spectrum is dominated by mixed electron–hole transitions with different momenta in the separate monolayers,leading to unexpected hybridization between interlayer and intralayer *** findings offer a design pathway for exciton layer-localization in TMD heterostructures.

关键词： twisted twist transition

Evidence for the effect of brief exposure to food,but not learning interference,on maze solving in desert ants

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第5期17卷 704-714页

作者： tomer GILAD Arik DORFMAN Aziz SUBACH Romain LIBBRECHT Susanne FOITZIK Inon SCHARF School of Zoology The George S.Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany

Theories of forgetting highlight 2 active mechanisms through which animals forget prior knowledge by recipro-cal disruption of *** to“proactive interference,”information learned previously interferes with the acquisition of new information,whereas“retroactive interference”suggests that newly gathered information interferes with already existing *** goal was to examine the possible effect of both mechanisms in the desert ant Cataglyphis niger,which does not use pheromone recruitment,when learning spatial information while searching for food in a *** experiment indicated that neither proactive nor retroactive interference took place in this system although this awaits conﬁrmation with individual-level learning ***,the ants’persistence or readiness to search for food grew with successive runs in the *** persistence led to more ant workers arriving at the food when retested a day later,even if the maze was shifted between *** support thisﬁnding in a second experiment,where ant workers reached the food reward at the maze end in higher numbers after encountering food in the maze entry compared to a treatment,in which food was present only at the maze *** result suggests that spatial learning and search persistence are 2 parallel behavioral mechanisms,both assisting foraging *** suggest that their relative contribution should depend on habitat complexity.

关键词： binary-tree maze desert ants forgetting memory motivation

Dominating expression of negative regulatory factors downmodulates major histocompatibility complex Class-Ⅱexpression on dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第22期22卷 5173-5182页

作者： Shallu tomer Yogesh K Chawla Ajay Duseja Sunil K Arora Department of Immunopathology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Department of Hepatology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

AIM: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to development of functionally impaired dendritic cells(DCs) in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients infected with genotype 3 ***: This prospective study was conducted on the cohorts of CHC individuals identified as responders or non-responders to antiviral therapy. Myeloid DCs were isolated from the peripheral blood of each subject using CD1c(BDCA1)+ DC isolation Kit. Monocytes from healthy donor were cultured with DC growth factors such as IL-4 and GM-CSF either in the presence or absence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) viral proteins followed by LPS stimulation. Phenotyping was done by flowcytometry and gene expression profiling was evaluated by real-time ***: Non-responders [sustained virological response(SVR)-ve] to conventional antiviral therapy had significantly higher expression of genes associated with interferon responsive element such as IDO1 and PD-L1(6-fold) and negative regulators of JAK-STAT pathway such as SOCS(6-fold) as compared to responders(SVR+ve) to antiviral therapy. The downregulated genes in non-responders included factors involved in antigen processing and presentation mainly belonging to major histocompatibility complex(MHC) Class-Ⅱ family as HLA-DP, HLA-DQ(2-fold) and superoxide dismutase(2-fold). Cells grown in the presence of HCV viral proteins had genes downregulated for factors involved in innate response, interferon signaling, DC maturation and co-stimulatory signaling to T-cells, while the genes for cytokine signaling and Toll-like receptors(4-fold) were upregulated as compared to cells grown in absence of viral ***: Underexpressed MHC class-Ⅱ genes and upregulated negative regulators in non-responders indicate diminished capacity to present antigen and may constitute mechanism of functionally defective state of DCs.

关键词： Dendritic cells Hepatitis C Non-responders Negative regulators Major histocompatibility complex Class-Ⅱ genes

The combined role of visual and olfactory cues in foraging by Cataglyphis ants in laboratory mazes

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Current Zoology 2023年第4期69卷 401-408页

作者： tomer Gilad Ori Bahar Malak Hasan Adi Bar Aziz Subach Inon Scharf School of Zoology George S Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv University69978 Tel AvivIsrael

Foragers use several senses to locate food,and many animals rely on vision and *** is beneficial not to rely on a single sense,which might fail under certain *** examined the contribution of vision and smell to foraging and maze exploration under laboratory conditions using Cataglyphis desert ants as a *** intensity,measured as the number of workers entering the maze and arriving at the target as well as target arrival time,were greater when food,blue light,or both were offered or presented in contrast to a *** trained to forage for a combined food and light cue elevated their foraging intensity with ***,foraging intensity was not higher when using both cues simultaneously than in either one of the two *** training,we split between the two cues and moved either the food or the blue light to the opposite maze *** manipulation impaired foraging success by either leading to fewer workers arriving at the target cell(when the light stayed and the food was moved)or to more workers arriving at the opposite target cell,empty of food(when the food stayed and the light was moved).This result indicates that ant workers use both senses when foraging for food and readily associate light with food.

关键词： binary-tree maze desert ants diet choice foraging sensual modality spatial learning