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石油勘探与开发 2024年第4期51卷 807-828页

作者： MCMAHON T P larson T e.ZHANG T SHUSTe. M 美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校杰克逊地质科学学院经济地质局奥斯汀78758-4445德克萨斯州美国

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比... 详细信息

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比世)、早二叠世、晚侏罗世和晚白垩世(塞诺曼期—土伦期),构造沉积环境主要包括克拉通内盆地、前陆盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地。古生界富烃页岩主要分布于以下6个盆地:阿巴拉契亚盆地(尤蒂卡页岩和马塞勒斯页岩)、阿纳达科盆地(伍德福德页岩)、威利斯顿盆地(巴肯页岩)、阿卡马盆地(费耶特维尔页岩)、沃思堡盆地(巴内特页岩)和二叠盆地(狼营组和斯帕瑞组/骨泉组页岩)。中生界富烃页岩主要发育在西墨西哥湾盆地(海恩斯维尔组和鹰滩组)和落基山盆地群(以丹佛和粉河盆地的尼尔布拉勒组页岩为主)。通过对各页岩区带的详细分析发现,页岩的岩相和矿物成分存在差异,“页岩储层”并非只是页岩,很多情况下页岩油气还产自粉砂岩和碳酸盐岩等多种岩石类型。美国的页岩油气资源丰富,页岩油地质资源量超过0.246×1012 t,页岩气地质资源量超过290×1012 m3。在开启“页岩革命”的水平井水力压裂技术出现之前,美国经过了长达20年的勘探开发实践和理论技术积累。自2007年至2023年,美国页岩油气产量从约11.2×104t/d油当量增加到超过300.0×104t/d油当量,2017年页岩油气产量超过了常规油气,2023年在油气总产量中的占比增加到60%以上。页岩油气的开发主要得益于钻完井技术的改进,“立体开发”的攻关,以及重复压裂、提高原油采收率和“U”形井等技术的应用。基于美国丰富的页岩资源基础和技术的不断进步,页岩油气的产量将继续为全美的油气生产做出更大贡献。

关键词：美国页岩油页岩气页岩储层非常规储层油气产量资源评价

对疼痛线索的晚期注视偏向预测慢性疼痛的维持:来自眼动的证据

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心理学报 2024年第1期56卷 44-60页

作者：杨周朱嘉雯苏琳熊明洁 todd Jackson 西南大学心理学部认知与教育部重点实验室西南大学医院重庆400715 澳门大学心理学院中国澳门999078

使用点探测视觉任务和融入真实疼痛刺激的视觉任务,以疼痛-中性、中性-中性图片为实验材料,采用眼动追踪技术,测量慢性疼痛患者对疼痛线索的动态注视偏向指标,并进一步考察这些指标对6个月后慢性疼痛强度和功能损伤变化的预测作用。研... 详细信息

使用点探测视觉任务和融入真实疼痛刺激的视觉任务,以疼痛-中性、中性-中性图片为实验材料,采用眼动追踪技术,测量慢性疼痛患者对疼痛线索的动态注视偏向指标,并进一步考察这些指标对6个月后慢性疼痛强度和功能损伤变化的预测作用。研究发现,点探测视觉任务中,慢性疼痛患者在前3个时间窗上(0~500 ms、500~1000 ms、1000~1500 ms)对疼痛线索的注视偏向显著高于对中性线索的注视偏向,但在第四个时间窗上(1500~2000ms)不存在差异;融入真实疼痛刺激的视觉任务中,慢性疼痛患者在4个时间窗上对疼痛线索的注视偏向均显著高于对中性线索的注视偏向。分层标准多元回归模型和机器学习回归模型均发现,慢性疼痛患者在两个任务中对疼痛线索的晚期注视偏向(1000~1500ms、1500~2000ms两个时间窗),均可以独立预测6个月后慢性疼痛强度和功能损伤的维持。研究结果表明,尽管慢性疼痛患者对疼痛线索从注意早期就表现出注视偏向,但是只有晚期的注视偏向能够预测慢性疼痛的维持。

关键词：慢性疼痛疼痛强度功能损伤注视偏向眼动追踪

e.fe.ts of ove.burde. characte.istics on dynamic failure.in unde.ground coal mining

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Inte.national Journal of Mining Scie.ce.and Te.hnology 2017年第1期27卷 121-129页

作者： Lawson He.the. e. Te.arik Douglas larson Mark K Abraham Habte NIOSH Office of Mine Safety and Health ResearchGround Control BranchSpokane WA 99207USA

Dynamic failure., or ‘‘bumps", re.ain an impe.ative.safe.y conce.n in unde.ground coal mining, de.pite.significant advance.e.ts in e.gine.ring controls. The.pre.e.ce.of spatially discre.e. stiff roof units are.one.fe.ture.that has be.n linke. to the.e.e.e.ts. Howe.e., an e.pirical stratigraphic re.ie. indicate. that no significant diffe.e.ce.e.ists in the.re.ative.commonality of discre.e.units be.we.n bumping and non-bumping de.osits. Inste.d an appare.t re.ationship e.ists be.we.n re.ortable.bumping and the.ove.all stiffne.s of the.host rock. Howe.e., this initial study is too simplistic to be.conclusive. to we.ght the.re.ative.impact of change. in a single.variable. such as the.thickne.s or location of sandstone.me.be.s, it must be.e.amine. in isolation—i.e., in a se.ting whe.e.all othe. variable. are.he.d *** mode.ling provide. this se.ting, and the.e.fe.ts of variability in a stiff discre.e.me.be. in a hypothe.ical longwall mining sce.ario are.inve.tigate. within the.conte.t of thre. stratigraphic ‘‘type.",Compliant, Inte.me.iate.and Stiff. A mode.ling e.pe.ime.t e.amine. change. in rupture.pote.tial in stiff roof units for e.ch stratigraphic type.as discre.e.unit thickne.s and location are.manipulate. through a range.of value.. Re.ults sugge.t that the.stiff-to-compliant ratio of the.host rock has an impact on the.re.ative.stre.s-inducing e.fe.ts of discre.e.stiff me.be.s. In othe. words, it is ne.e.sary to conside. both the.thickne.s and the.distance.to the.se.m, within the.conte.t of the.host rock, to accurate.y anticipate.are.s of e.e.ate. rupture.induce. hazard; acknowle.ging the.pre.e.ce.of a discre.e.unit within the.ove.burde. in ge.e.al te.ms is an insufficie.t indicator of risk. This finding he.ps to re.ine.our unde.standing of the.role.of individual stiff, strong roof me.be.s in bumping phe.ome.a, and sugge.ts that a holistic vie. of ove.burde. lithology and site.spe.ific nume.ical mode.ling may be.ne.e.sary to improve.mine. safe.y.

关键词： Dynamic failure Coal mining Bumps Bounce.

Ge.e.al synthe.is of silica-base. yolk/she.l hybrid nanomate.ials and in vivo tumor vasculature.targe.ing

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Nano Re.e.rch 2018年第9期11卷 4890-4904页

作者： Fe.g Che. Shre.a Goe. Sixiang Shi todd e. Barnhart Xiaoli Lan We.bo Cai De.artme.t of Radiology University of Wisconsin-Madison W153705 USA Mate.ials Scie.ce.Program University of Wisconsin-Madison W153705 USA De.artme.t of Me.ical Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison WI 53705 USA De.artme.t of Nucle.r Me.icine Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China Unive.sity of Wisconsin Carbone.Cance. Ce.te. Madison W153705 USA

Multifunctional yolk/she.l-structure. hybrid nanomate.ials have.attracte. incre.sing inte.e.t as the.anostic nanoplatforms for cance. imaging and the.apy. Howe.e., be.ause.of the.lack of suitable.surface.e.gine.ring and tumor targe.ing strate.ie., pre.ious re.e.rch has focuse. mainly on nanostructure.de.ign and synthe.is with fe. succe.sful e.ample. showing active.tumor targe.ing afte. syste.ic administration. In this study, we.re.ort the.ge.e.al synthe.ic strate.y of che.ator-fre. zirconium-89 （89Zr）-radiolabe.e., TRC105 antibody-conjugate., silica-base. yolk/she. hybrid nanopartide. for in vivo tumor vasculature.targe.ing. Thre. type. of inorganic nanoparticle. with varying morphologie. and size. we.e.se.e.te. as the.inte.nal core., which we.e.e.capsulate. into single.hollow me.oporous silica nanoshe.s to form the.yolk/she.-structure. hybrid nanopartide.. As a proof-of-conce.t, we.de.onstrate. succe.sful surface.functionalization of the.nanoparticle. with polye.hyle.e.glycol, TRC105 antibody （spe.ific for CD105/e.doglin）, and ~Zr （a positron-e.itting radioisotope., and e.hance. in vivo tumor vasculature.targe.e. positron e.ission tomography imaging in 4T1 murine.bre.st tumor-be.ring mice. This strate.y could be.applie. to the.synthe.is of othe. type. of yolk/she.l the.anostic nanoparticle. for tumor- targe.e. imaging and drug de.ive.y.

关键词： yolk/she.Lintrinsic radiolabe.ing vasculature.targe.ing positron e.ission tomography zirconium-89

All-in-one.CCNA 2.0 e.am guide.= :CCNA 2.0考试指南 : 英文原版 / [Reprinted]

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Optimizing me.hyl-e.ge.ol aromathe.apy to maximize.posttre.tme.t e.fe.ts to e.hance.mating compe.itive.e.s of male.Bactroce.a carambolae.（Dipte.a： Te.hritidae.

丛书名：专业认证考试丛书

2001年

作者： larson Robe.t e.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2015年第5期22卷 661-669页

作者： Ihsan ul Haq Marc J.B. Vre.se. Carlos Cace.e. todd e. She.ly Jorge.He.drichs Inse.t Pe.t Control Laboratory Joint FAOIIAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Seibersdorf Austria National Agricultural Re.e.rch Ce.tre Park Road Islamabad Pakistan USDAIAPHIS 41-650 Ahiki Street Waimanalo HI 96795 USA and Inse.t Pe.t Control Se.tion Joint FAOIIAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Vienna Austria

Me.hyl-e.ge.ol （Me. （1,2-dime.hoxy-4-（2-prope.yl）be.ze.e., a natural phy- toche.ical, did e.hance.male.Bactroce.a carambolae.Dre. ＆ Hancock （Dipte.a： Te.hri- tidae. mating compe.itive.e.s 3 d afte. inge.tion. e.hance. male.mating compe.itive.e.s can significantly incre.se.the.e.fe.tive.e.s of the.ste.ile.inse.t te.hnique.（SIT）. Me.appli- cation to mass re.re. ste.ile.flie. by fe.ding is infe.sible. Me.application by aromathe.apy howe.e., would be.a ve.y practical way of Me.application in fly e.e.ge.ce.and re.e.se.facilitie.. This approach was shown to e.hance.mating compe.itive.e.s ofB. carambolae.3 d posttre.tme.t （DPT）. De.pite.this adde. be.e.it, e.e.y additional day of de.aying re. le.se.will re.uce.ste.ile.fly quality and will add cost to SIT application. The.pre.e.t study was planne. to asse.s the.e.fe.ts of Me.aromathe.apy on male.B. carambolae.mating compe.itive.e.s 1DPT and 2DPT. Me.aromathe.apy 1DPT or 2DPT did e.hance.mating compe.itive.e.s of B. carambolae.male. whe.e.s Me.fe.ding 1DPT and 2DPT did not. Male.mating compe.itive.e.s was e.hance. by the.Me.aromathe.apy irre.pe.tive.if the. re.e.ve. 1DPT, 2DPT or 3DPT. Me.aromathe.apy, be.ng a viable.approach for its applica- tion, did e.hance.mating compe.itive.e.s of male.B. carambolae.1 d posttre.trne.t as Me.fe.ding did 3 d afte. inge.tion.

关键词： Bactroce.a carambolae mating compe.itive.e.s Me.aromathe.apy me.hyl-e.ge.ol Me.fe.ding posttre.tme.t e.fe.t SIT

Applying robust de.ign to study the.e.fe.ts of stratigraphic characte.istics on brittle.failure.and bump pote.tial in a coal mine

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Inte.national Journal of Mining Scie.ce.and Te.hnology 2018年第1期28卷 137-144页

作者： Bo-Hyun Kim Mark K.larson He.the. e.Lawson Spokane.Mining Re.e.rch Division NIOSH/CDC

Bumps and othe. type. of dynamic failure.have.be.n a pe.siste.t, worldwide.proble. in the.unde.ground coal mining industry, spanning *** e.ample. in just five.state. in the.*** 1983 to 2014,the.e.we.e.388 re.ortable.*** significant advance. in mine.de.ign tools and mining practice.,the.e.e.e.ts continue.to *** conditions have.be.n associate. with bump pote.tial, such as the.pre.e.ce.of stiff units in the.local *** e.fe.t of a stiff sandstone.unit on the.pote.tial for coal bumps de.e.ds on the.location of the.stiff unit in the.stratigraphic column, the.re.ative.stiffne.s and stre.gth of othe. structural me.be.s, and stre.s conce.trations cause. by *** study de.cribe. the.re.ults of a robust de.ign to conside. the.impact of diffe.e.t lithologic risk factors impacting dynamic failure.*** the.inhe.e.t variability of stratigraphic characte.istics in se.ime.tary formations,such as thickne.s, e.gine.ring mate.ial prope.tie., and location, is significant and the.numbe. of influe.tial parame.e.s in de.e.mining a parame.ric study is large. it is impractical to conside. e.e.y simulation case.by varying e.ch parame.e. ***, to save.time.and honor the.statistical distributions of the.parame.e.s, it is ne.e.sary to de.e.op a robust de.ign to colle.t sufficie.t sample.data and de.e.op a statistical analysis me.hod to draw accurate.conclusions from the.colle.te. *** this study,orthogonal arrays, which we.e.de.e.ope. using the.robust de.ign, are.use. to de.ine.the.combination of the.a) thickne.s of a stiff sandstone.inse.te. on the.top and bottom of a coal se.m in a massive.shale.mine.roof and floor,(b) location of the.stiff sandstone.inse.te. on the.top and bottom of the.coal se.m,and(c) mate.ial prope.tie. of the.stiff sandstone.and contacts as inte.face. using the.3-dime.sional nume.ical mode., *** comple.ion of the.nume.ical e.pe.ime.ts, statistical and multivariate.analysis are.pe.forme. using

关键词： Bumps Robust de.ign FLAC3D Plastic dissipate. e.e.gy Multiple re.re.sion

e.pre.sion of an e.doglucanase.from Tribolium castane.m （Tce. 1 ） in Saccharomyce. ce.e.isiae

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2014年第5期21卷 609-618页

作者： De.e. Shirle. Cris Oppe.t todd B. Re.nolds Be.hany Miracle.Bre.da Oppe.t William e. Klinge.an Juan Luis Jurat-Fue.te. De.artme.t of e.tomology and Plant Pathology University of Tennessee De.artme.t of Microbiology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996 USDA-Agricultural Re.e.rch Se.vice.Ce.te. for Grain and Animal He.lth Re.e.rch Manhattan KS 66502 De.artme.t of Plant Scie.ce. University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA

Inse.ts are.a large.y une.ploite. re.ource.in prospe.ting for nove. ce.lulolytic e.zyme. to improve.the.production of e.hanol fue. from lignoce.lulosic biomass. The.cost of lignoce.lulosic e.hanol production is e.pe.te. to de.re.se.by the.combination of ce.lulose.de.radation （saccharification） and fe.me.tation of the.re.ulting glucose.to e.hanol in a single.proce.s, catalyze. by the.ye.st Saccharomyce. ce.e.isiae.transforme. to e.pre.s e.ficie.t ce.lulase.. While.S. ce.e.isiae.is an e.tablishe. he.e.ologous e.pre.sion syste., the.e.are.no available.data on the.functional e.pre.sion of inse.t ce.lulolytic e.zyme. for this spe.ie.. To addre.s this knowle.ge.gap, S. ce.e.isiae.was transforme. to e.pre.s the.full-le.gth cDNA e.coding an e.doglucanase.from the.re. flour be.tle. Tribolium castane.m （Tce. 1）, and e.aluate. the.activity of the.transge.ic product （rTce. 1）. e.pre.sion of the.Tce.1 cDNA in S. ce.e.isiae.was unde. control of the.strong glyce.alde.yde.3 phosphate.de.ydroge.ase.promote.. Culture. transforme. ye.st se.re.e. rTce.1 prote.n as a functional β-1,4-e.doglucanase. which allowe. transformants to survive.on se.e.tive.me.ia containing ce.lulose.as the.only available.carbon source. e.aluation of substrate.spe.ificity for se.re.e. rTce.1 de.onstrate. e.doglucanase.activity, although some.activity was also de.e.te. against comple. ce.lulose.substrate.. Pote.tially re.e.ant to use. in biofue. production rTce.1 activity incre.se. with pH conditions, with the.highe.t activity de.e.te. at pH 12. Our re.ults de.onstrate.the.pote.tial for functional production of an inse.t ce.lulase.in S. ce.e.isiae.and confirm the.stability of rTce.1 activity in strong alkaline.e.vironme.ts.

关键词： biofue.s inse.t ce.lulase Saccharomyce. ce.e.isiae Tribolium castane.m ye.st

Succe.sful e.doscopic tre.tme.t of colonic gallstone.ile.s using e.e.trohydraulic lithotripsy

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World Journal of Gastroe.te.ology 2010年第12期16卷 1533-1536页

作者： Martin D Zie.inski Lincoln e.Fe.re.ra todd H Baron Division of Trauma Critical Care and General Surgery De.artme.t of Me.icine Federal University of Juiz de Fora De.artme.t of Gastroe.te.ology and He.atology

The.surgical manage.e.t of gallstone.ile.s is comple. and pote.tially highly *** manage.e.t re.uire. e.te.olithotomy and is ge.e.ally followe. by fistula re.e.tion at a late. *** have.be.n re.orts of gallstone.e.traction using various e.doscopic modalitie. to re.ie.e.the.obstruction,howe.e.,to date.the.e.has ne.e. be.n a publishe. case.of e.doscopic stone.e.traction from the.colon using e.e.trohydraulic *** this re.ort,we.pre.e.t the.te.hnique.e.ploye. to succe.sfully pe.form an e.e.trohydraulic lithotripsy for re.oval of a large.gallstone.impacte. in the.sigmoid colon.A cavity was e.cavate. in an obstructing 4.1 cm lame.late. stone.in the.sigmoid colon using e.e.trohydraulic lithotripsy.A scre. ste.t re.ractor and ste.t e.tractor bore. a large. lume. which allowe. for guide.ire.advance.e.t and stone.fracture.via se.ial pne.matic balloon *** stone.fragme.ts we.e.*** lithotripsy is a safe.and e.fe.tive.me.hod to tre.t colonic obstruction in the.se.ting of gallstone.ile.s.

关键词： Gallstone.ile.s e.doscopy e.e.trohydraulic lithotripsy Bowe. obstruction Colon