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A novel near-infrared light responsive 4D printed nanoarchitecture with dynamically and remotely controllable transformation

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Nano Research 2019年第6期12卷 1381-1388页

作者： Haitao Cui Shida Miao timothy Esworthy Se-jun Lee Xuan Zhou Sung Yun Hann Thomas j.Webster Brent T.Harris Lijie Grace Zhang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Neurology and Pathology Georgetown UniversityWashingtonDC 20007USA Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Medicine The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA

Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging and highly innovative additive manufacturing process by which to fabricate pre-designed,self-assembly structures with the ability to transform over ***,one of the critical challenges of 4D printing is the lack of advanced 4D printing systems that not only meet all the essential requirements of shape change but also possess smart,dynamic capabilities to spatiotemporally and instantly control the shape-transformation ***,we present a facile 4D printing platform which incorporates nanomaterials into the conventional stimuli-responsive polymer,allowing the 4D printed object to achieve a dynamic and remote controlled,on-time and position shape transformation.A proof-of-concept 4D printed brain model was created using near-infrared light (NIR) responsive nanocomposite to evaluate the capacity for controllable 4D transformation,and the feasibility of photothermal stimulation for modulating neural stem cell *** novel 4D printing strategy can not only be used to create dynamic 3D patterned biological structures that can spatiotemporally control their shapes or behaviors of transformation under a human benign stimulus (NIR),but can also provide a potential method for building complex self-morphing objects for widespread applications.

关键词： near-infrared light responsive four-dimensional (4D) printing dynamically and remotely controllable graphene brain neural stem cell

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Accumulation of mutations in genes associated with sexual reproduction contributed to the domestication of a vegetatively propagated staple crop,enset

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 449-458页

作者： Kiflu Gebramicael Tesfamicael Endale Gebre timothy j.March Beata Sznajder Diane E.Mather Carlos Marcelino Rodríguez López Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group Department of HorticultureCollege of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA Policy Study Institute P.O.Box:2479Addis AbabaEthiopia School of Agriculture Food&WineThe University of AdelaideWaite CampusGlen OsmondSAAustralia

Enset(Ensete ventricosum(Welw.)Cheesman)is a drought tolerant,vegetatively propagated crop that was domesticated in *** is a staple food for more than 20 million people in *** its current importance and immense potential,enset is among the most genetically understudied and underexploited food *** collected 230 enset wild and cultivated accessions across the main enset producing regions in Ethiopia and applied amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and genotype by sequencing(GBS)analyses to these *** and cultivated accessions were clearly separated from each other,with 89 genes found to harbour SNPs that separated wild from cultivated *** these,17 genes are thought to be involved in flower initiation and seed *** cultivated accessions,differentiation was mostly associated with geographical location and with proximity to wild *** results indicate that vegetative propagation of elite clones has favoured capacity for vegetative growth at the expense of capacity for sexual *** is consistent with previous reports that cultivated enset tends to produce non-viable seeds and flowers less frequently than wild enset.

关键词： cultivated elite flowers

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计算机专业英语

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作者： (美)timothy j. O'Leary (美)Linda I.O'Leary

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The public purpose of education and schooling

The public purpose of education and schooling

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作者： john I. Goodlad timothy j. McMannon editors.

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Furrow design for improving crop establishment of two-wheel tractor operated strip tillage planters in loam and clay loam soils

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International journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第3期14卷 130-139页

作者： M.Arshadul Hoque M.M.Hossain A.T.M.Ziauddin timothy j.Krupnik Mahesh K.Gathala Senior Scientific Officer FMP Engineering DivisionBangladesh Agricultural Research InstituteGazipur-1701Bangladesh Department of Farm Power and Machinery Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh-2202Bangladesh International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center-Bangladesh Dhaka-1213Bangladesh

Conservation agriculture(CA)based production systems may help in achieving more sustainable intensification of cropping systems that use less labour and energy and have higher profit margins,in addition to soil conservation and environmental impact mitigation *** these objectives can only be achieved when the right mechanization options,including appropriate crop establishment equipment,are in place to assist in timely field *** urgent need exists,therefore,to fine tune and re-adjust the existing two-wheel tractor(2WT)operated seed drills,with specific reference to the design of blade and furrow openers,while at the same time considering performance in different soil types and *** this end,experiments were conducted during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 at two BARI Regional Agricultural Research Stations in jamalpur and Barisal,Bangladesh,on a loam and clay loam soil,respectively,to evaluate five types of furrow opener for strip *** and modified shoe-type furrow openers were tested and compared with three inverted-T furrow openers with rake angles of 75°,65°and 55°.The newly designed inverted-T furrow openers were narrower than the shoe-type openers;they also had a longer,hollow shanks and provided better options for adjustment to achieve the desired seeding depth and line *** to shoe-type openers,better seeding depth,uniformity and higher degree of seed coverage were recorded with use of the inverted-T furrow opener with a 65°rake *** resulted in better seed coverage in the furrow,a higher emergence rate index,and the highest emergence percentage of maize and mung *** research findings can be generalized to smallholder production systems on loam and clay loam soils where farmers utilize 2WT operated seed drills for crop establishment in both traditional and conservation agriculture-based planting systems.

关键词： two-wheel tractor strip tillage planter inverted-T furrow opener rake angle conservation agriculture emergence percentage

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Distribution of pericellular matrix molecules in the temporomandibular joint and their chondroprotective effects against inflammation

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International journal of Oral Science 2017年第1期9卷 43-52页

作者： Wern Cui Chu Shipin Zhang timothy j Sng Yu jie Ong Wen-Li Tan Vivien Y Ang Casper B Foldager Wei Seong Toh Faculty of Dentistry National University of SingaporeSingapore Orthopaedic Research Laboratory Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark Tissue Engineering Program Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore

The objectives of this study were to （1） determine the distribution and synthesis of pericellular matrix （PCM） molecules （collagen VI, collagen IV and laminin） in rat temporomandibular joint （TMj） and （2） investigate the effects of PCM molecules on chondrocytes against inflammation in osteoarthritis. Four zones （fibrous, proliferating, mature and hypertrophic） of condylar cartilage and three bands （anterior, intermediate and posterior） of disc were analysed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of PCM molecules in rat TMjs. Isolated chondrocytes were pre-treated with PCM molecules before being subjected to interleukin （IL）-II~ treatment to stimulate inflammation. The responses of the chondrocytes were analysed using gene expression, nitric oxide release and matrix metalloproteinase （MMP）-13 production measures. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that the highest areal deposition of collagen VI （67.4%）, collagen IV （45.7%） and laminin （52.4%） was in the proliferating zone of TMj condylar cartilage. No significant difference in the distribution of PCM molecules was noted among the three bands of the TMj disc. All three PCM molecules were expressed intracellularly by chondrocytes cultured in the monolayer. Among the PCM molecules, pre-treatment with collagen VI enhanced cellular proliferation, ameliorated IL-lp-induced MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13 and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression, and attenuated the downregulation of cartilage matrix genes, including collagen I, aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein （COMP）. Concurrently, collagen VI pretreatment inhibited nitric oxide and MMP-13 production. Our study demonstrates for the first time the distribution and role of PCM molecules, particularly collagen VI, in the protection of chondrocytes against inflammation.

关键词： cartilage chondrocytes collagen iV collagen W inflammation laminin pericellular matrix temporomandibular joint

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Value-added Impact of Geostationary Hyperspectral Infrared Sounders on Local Severe Storm Forecasts——via a Quick Regional OSSE

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第10期35卷 1217-1230页

作者： Zhenglong LI jun LI Pei WANG Agnes LIM jinlong LI timothy j.SCHMIT Robert ATLAS Sid-Ahmed BOUKABARA Ross N.HOFFMAN Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Satellite Applications and Research NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory OAR/NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research NOAA

Accurate atmospheric temperature and moisture information with high temporal/spatial resolutions are two of the key parameters needed in regional numerical weather prediction(NWP) models to reliably predict high-impact weather events such as local severe storms(LSSs). High spectral resolution or hyperspectral infrared(HIR) sounders from geostationary orbit(GEO) provide an unprecedented source of near time-continuous, three-dimensional information on the dynamic and thermodynamic atmospheric fields—an important benefit for nowcasting and NWP-based forecasting. In order to demonstrate the value of GEO HIR sounder radiances on LSS forecasts, a quick regional OSSE(Observing System Simulation Experiment)framework has been developed, including high-resolution nature run generation, synthetic observation simulation and validation, and impact study on LSS forecasts. Results show that, on top of the existing LEO(low earth orbit) sounders, a GEO HIR sounder may provide value-added impact [a reduction of 3.56% in normalized root-mean-square difference(RMSD)] on LSS forecasts due to large spatial coverage and high temporal resolution, even though the data are assimilated every 6 h with a thinning of 60 km. Additionally, more frequent assimilations and smaller thinning distances allow more observations to be assimilated, and may further increase the positive impact from a GEO HIR sounder. On the other hand, with denser and more frequent observations assimilated, it becomes more difficult to handle the spatial error correlation in observations and gravity waves due to the limitations of current assimilation and forecast systems(such as a static background error covariance). The peak reduction of 4.6% in normalized RMSD is found when observations are assimilated every 3 h with a thinning distance of 30 km.

关键词： OSSE hyperspectral sounder high-impact weather

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Climate change drives flooding risk increases in the Yellow River Basin

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 193-199页

作者： Hengxing Lan Zheng Zhao Langping Li junhua Li Bojie Fu Naiman Tian Ruixun Lai Sha Zhou Yanbo Zhu Fanyu Zhang jianbing Peng john j.Clague State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049China Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Yellow River Conservancy CommissionZhengzhou 450003China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China The Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and MechanicsLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Earth Sciences Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyCanada

The Yellow River Basin(YRB)has experienced severe floods and continuous riverbed elevation throughout *** climate change has been suggested to be driving a worldwide increase in flooding ***,owing to insufficient evidence,the quantitative correlation between flooding and climate change remains *** present a long time series of maximum flood discharge in the YRB dating back to 1843 compiled from historical documents and instrument *** in yearly maximum flood discharge show distinct periods:a dramatic decreasing period from 1843 to 1950,and an oscillating gentle decreasing from 1950 to 2021,with the latter period also showing increasing more extreme floods.A Mann-kendall test analysis suggests that the latter period can be further split into two distinct sub-periods:an oscillating gentle decreasing period from 1950 to 2000,and a clear recent increasing period from 2000 to *** further predict that climate change will cause an ongoing remarkable increase in future flooding risk and an∼44.4 billion US dollars loss of floods in the YRB in 2100.

关键词： Flooding risk Risk management Climate change Flood discharge Extreme precipitation

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Root-Specific Transcript Profiling of Contrasting Rice Genotypes in Response to Salinity Stress

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 25-41页

作者： Olivier Cotsaftis Darren Plett Alexander A.T. johnson Harkamal Walia Clyde Wilson Abdelbagi M. Ismail timothy j. Close Mark Tester Ute Baumann Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics Private Mail Bag 1 Glen Osmond SA 5064 Australia Present address: School of Botany University of Melbourne Parkville Vic 3010 Australia Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Present address: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588 USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service George E. Brown Jr Salinity Laboratory Riverside CA 92507 USA International Rice Research Institute Manila The Philippines

Elevated salinity imposes osmotic and ion toxicity stresses on living cells and requires a multitude of responses in order to enable plant survival. Building on earlier work profiling transcript levels in rice （Oryza sativa） shoots of FL478, a salt-tolerant indica recombinant inbred line, and IR29, a salt-sensitive cultivar, transcript levels were compared in roots of these two accessions as well as in the roots of two additional salt-tolerant indica genotypes, the landrace Pokkali and the recombinant inbred line IR63731. The aim of this study was to compare transcripts in the sensitive and the tolerant lines in order to identify genes likely to be involved in plant salinity tolerance, rather than in responses to salinity perse. Transcript profiles of several gene families with known links to salinity tolerance are described （e.g. HKTs, NHXs）. The putative function of a set of genes identified through their salt responsiveness, transcript levels, and/or chro- mosomal location （i.e. underneath QTLs for salinity tolerance） is also discussed. Finally, the parental origin of the Saltol region in FL478 is further investigated. Overall, the dataset presented appears to be robust and it seems likely that this system could provide a reliable strategy for the discovery of novel genes involved in salinity tolerance.

关键词： Rice root salinity tolerance microarray HKT Saltol.

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Strategies for PET imaging of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts(RAGE)

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journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第5期10卷 452-465页

作者： Lindsey R.Drake Allen F.Brooks jenelle Stauff Phillip S.Sherman janna Arteaga Robert A.Koeppe Aimee Reed timothy j.Montavon Marc B.Skaddan Peter j.H.Scott Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA AbbVie Process Chemistry North ChicagoIL60064USA AbbVie Centralized Medicinal Chemistry North ChicagoIL60064USA AbbVie Translational Imaging North ChicagoIL60064USA

The implication of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE)in numerous diseases and neurodegenerative disorders makes it interesting both as a therapeutic target and as an inflammatory *** the context of investigating RAGE as a biomarker,there is interest in developing radiotracers that will enable quantification of RAGE using positron emission tomography(PET)*** have synthesized potential small molecule radiotracers for both the intracellular([18F]InRAGER)and extracellular([18F]RAGER)domains of *** we report preclinical evaluation of both using in vitro(lead panel screens)and in vivo(rodent and nonhuman primate PET imaging)*** radiotracers have high affinity for RAGE and show good brain uptake,but suffer from off-target *** source of the off-target PET signal is not attributable to binding to melatonin receptors,but remains *** have also investigated use of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated mice as a possible animal model with upregulated RAGE for evaluation of new imaging *** of the mouse brain sections revealed increases in RAGE in the male cohorts,but no difference in the female ***,it proves challenging to quantify the changes in RAGE due to off-target binding of the ***,they are appropriate lead scaffolds for future development of 2nd generation RAGE PET radiotracers because of their high affinity for the receptor and good CNS penetration.

关键词： RAGE Neuroimaging Positron emission tomography Radiochemistry Neuroinflammation

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