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Simulating long-term effect of Hyrcanian forest loss on phosphorus loading at the sub-watershed level

Journal of Arid Land 2018年第3期10卷 457-469页

作者： Fatemeh RAJAEI Abbas E SARI Abdolrassoul SALMANMAHINY timothy o randhir Majid DELAVAR Reza D BEHRooZ Alireza M BAVANI Department of Environment Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science Tarbiat Modares University Department of Environmental Gorgan University of Agricultural Science & Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Department of Water Resources Agriculture Faculty Tarbiat Modares University Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources University of Zabol Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Faculty of Abouraihan University of Tehran

Conversion of forest land to farmland in the Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran increases the nutrient input, especially the phosphorus（P） nutrient, thus impacting the water quality. Modeling the effect of forest loss on surface water quality provides valuable information for forest management. This study predicts the future impacts of forest loss between 2010 and 2040 on P loading in the Tajan River watershed at the sub-watershed level. To understand drivers of the land cover, we used Land Change Modeler（LCM） combining with the Soil Water Assessment Tool（SWAT） model to simulate the impacts of land use change on P loading. We characterized priority management areas for locating comprehensive and cost-effective management practices at the sub-watershed level. Results show that agricultural expansion has led to an intense deforestation. During the future period 2010–2040, forest area is expected to decrease by 34,739 hm^2. And the areas of pasture and agriculture are expected to increase by 7668 and 27,071 hm^2, respectively. In most sub-watersheds, P pollution will be intensified with the increase in deforestation by the year 2040. And the P concentration is expected to increase from 0.08 to 2.30 mg/L in all of sub-watersheds by the year 2040. It should be noted that the phosphorous concentration exceeds the American Public Health Association′s water quality standard of 0.2 mg/L for P in drinking water in both current and future scenarios in the Tajan River watershed. only 30% of sub-watersheds will comply with the water quality standards by the year 2040. The finding of the present study highlights the importance of conserving forest area to maintain a stable water quality.

关键词： phosphorus land use change modeling forest loss prioritizing management area Tajan River Iran

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Emerging Threats to Forests: Resilience and Strategies at System Scale

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 739-748页

作者： timothy o. randhir Ayten Erol Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts Holdsworth Hall Amherst USA Department of Water- shed Management SDU Faculty of Forestry Isparta Turkey.

Forests provide multiple ecosystem services that are critical to sustain societies and ecosystems. Protecting the forest systems become imperative as human demand for forest products and services increase. In addition to current stressors, several emerging threats pose serious implications on the survival and sustainability of forest ecosystems. These include climatic change, invasive species, natural disasters, land use change, and pest/diseases that can severally impact the ability of forest to sustain ecosystem services. There is a need for using a systems-based framework to increase resilience of forest systems to cope with these threats. We review literature on these threats and propose a systems-framework for forest resilience. While strategies for each threat are often easier, comprehensive strategies that can handle multiple threats and specific to forest type is required. There is also a need for further research into forest resilience and landscape-scale response and resilience.

关键词： Forest Resilience Systems Emerging Threats

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Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-hypercholesterolemic potential of Vitis vinifera leaves

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2017年第3期6卷 131-136页

作者： Sushma Devi randhir Singh Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Maharishi Markandeshwar UniversityMullanaAmbalaIndia

Background:Vitis vinifera is universally appreciated herb(especially fruit)for their delicacy,nutrition and conventional as functional *** the present study,we evaluated anti-hypercholesterolemic potential of Vitis vinifera red leaves extract in experimental wistar male *** and methods:Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of vitis vinifera methanolic extract(VVME)and vitis vinifera aqueous extract aqueous(VVAE)extract was carried out to identify the *** anti-hypercholesterolemic activity was evaluated by inducing hypercholesterolemia with high cholesterol diet for 21 days in experimental *** the experimental periods parameters like lipid profile,liver function test,atherogenic index and histopathological studies were ***:Total tannins,total flavonoids and total phenolic contents were found in major amount in *** lipid levels were significantly attenuated by different doses of VVME and ***,VVME was found more effective than VVAE and histopathological results confirmed the effectiveness of ***:It can be concluded that anti-hypercholesterolemic efficacy of Vitis vinifera might be due to presence of active phytoconstituents and its antioxidant efficacy.

关键词： Vitis vinifera Hypercholesterolemia Cholesterol diet Total phenolic content

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ELECTRICAL TRANSPoRT PRoPERTIES oF PRISTINE AND IoDINE DoPED PoLYETHERIMIDES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2011年第5期29卷 586-596页

作者： J.K.Quamara randhir Singh B.K.Kaushik Physics Department National Institute of TechnologyKurukshetra 136119India

Electrical conduction behavior of pristine and iodine doped polyetherimides （PEI） has been investigated under both transient and steady state conditions in the operating temperature range 50-200℃ at various electric fields of 12-60 kV/cm. The transient currents show the hyperbolic decay character, and the decay exponent p （a measure of current decay rate） decreases with temperature （T） and doping concentration. The origin of transient currents has been attributed to the dipolar nature of carbonyl （〉C：o） groups and the ether linkages present in the main chain of PEI. The low field steady state conduction is ohmic in nature. The magnitudes of ionic jump distance （a） values do not favor an ionic type of conduction as a possible conduction mechanism in pristine as well as iodine doped PEI. The Schottky coefficients estimations do not show the possibility of Schottky type or Poole-Frenkel type conduction mechanisms in the low temperature region （〈 120℃）, however, in the high temperature region （〉 120℃） there is a certain possibility of Poole- Frenkel type conduction mechanism in both pristine and iodine doped samples. The dual slope in the lg/versus 1/T curves for iodine doped samples indicates the presence of more than one type of trapping levels.

关键词： Transient currents Electrical conduction Polyetherimide.

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Accumulation of L-DoPA in various organs of faba bean and influence of drought, nitrogen stress, and processing methods on L-DoPA yield

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The Crop Journal 2018年第4期6卷 426-434页

作者： Fatemeh Etemadi Masoud Hashemi Reena randhir omid ZandVakili Ali Ebadi Stockbridge School of Agriculture University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA Springfield Technical Community College Springfield MA 01102 USA University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran

Faba bean(Vicia faba L.)has been identified as a rich source of L-DoPA,which is used in treating Parkinson's *** and accumulation of active substances such as L-DoPA in plant tissues may interact with growing conditions and processing *** trends of L-DoPA in various faba bean organs and the effect of drought stress and N fertilization on L-DoPA content were studied in a field and two greenhouse *** influence of various processing methods on L-DoPA content of faba bean tissues was *** highest L-DoPA content was detected in fresh leaves(22.4 mg g^(-1))followed by flowers,young pods,mature seeds,and *** of processing method,L-DoPA concentration in faba bean tissues was significantly reduced when tissues were boiled or *** various methods of processing,freezing had the lowest detrimental effect,reducing L-DoPA concentrations by 24.1%and 21.1%in leaves and seeds,*** stress elevated L-DoPA concentration,and maximum L-DoPA(23.3 mg g^(-1)of biomass)was extracted from plants grown under severe drought ***,L-DoPA yield(L-DoPA concentration×biomass)was compromised,owing to the adverse influence of drought stress on dry matter *** significant difference in L-DoPA concentration was detected among various N application rates.

关键词： Faba bean L-DoPA Processing methods Supplement N

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Analysis of genetic relationship in mutant silkworm strains of Bom-byx mori using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第5期35卷 291-297页

作者： Dhanikachalam Velu Kangayam M. Ponnuvel Murugiah Muthulakshmi randhir K. Sinha Syed M.H. Qadri Biotechnology Laboratory Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre Hosur-635109 Tamil Nadu India

Amplified inter simple sequence repeats （ISSR） markers were used to determine genetic relationships among mutant silkworm strains of Bombyx mori. Fifteen ISSR primers containing simple sequence repeat （SSR） motifs were used in this study. A total of 113 markers were produced among 20 mutant strains, of which 73.45% were found to be polymorphic. In selected mutant genetic stocks, the average number of observed allele was （1.7080 ± 0.4567）, effective alleles （1.5194 ± 0.3950） and genetic diversity （Ht）（0.2901 ± 0.0415）. The dendrogram produced using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means （UPGMA） and cluster analysis made using Nei＇s genetic distance resulted in the formation of one major group containing 6 groups separated 20 mutant silkworm strains. Therefore, ISSR amplification is a valuable method for determining the genetic variability among mutant silkworm strains. This efficient molecular marker would be useful for characterizing a considerable number of silkworm strains maintained at the germplasm center.

关键词： genetic diversity Bombyx mori mutant strains ISSR

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In vitro and comparative study on the extracellular enzyme activity of molds isolated from keratomycosis and soil

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第5期7卷 778-784页

作者： Arumugam Mythili Yendranbam randhir Babu Singh Ravindran Priya Anamangadan Shafeeq Hassan Palanisamy Manikandan Kanesan Panneerselvam Venkatapathy Narendran Coimbatore Subramanian Shobana Department of Microbiology Dr.G.R.Damodaran College of Science Department of Microbiology Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology Department of Microbiology M R Government Arts College

AIMTo isolate and identify the molds involved in mycotic keratitis; to isolate corresponding species from soil samples; to compare the extracellular enzyme activity indices of the molds isolated from keratitis cases a... 详细信息

关键词： mycotic keratitis extracellular enzymes enzyme activity index

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Structure, Photochromism and Liquid Crystal Properties of 1-Alkyl-2-(Arylazo)Imidazoles (Raai-C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>, n (Even) = 10 - 22)

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2013年第2期3卷 133-145页

作者： Avijit Nandi Chandana Sen Debashis Mallick randhir K. Sinha Chittaranjan Sinha Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Section Jadavpur University Kolkata India Department of Chemistry Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith Birati India

Photochromism is the reversible structural change of the molecules upon light irradiation having different spectral pattern before and after irradiation. Liquid crystal (LC) is a long-range orientational order of the molecules in between solid and isotropic liquid phases which share the properties of the crystal and liquid phases. 1-Alkyl-2-(ary-lazo)imidazoles, (Raai-CnH2n+1, R = H, Me and n = 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22) exhibits photochromism and two of them (Haai-C18H37 and Haai-C22H45) show Liquid crystal (LC) properties. one of these compounds, Meaai-C16H33 is structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compounds upon irradiation with UV light show E-to-Z isomerisation. Quantum yields (φE→Z) of E-to-Z isomerisation vary with the molar mass of the compounds. The reverse transformation, Z-to-E, is recorded in thermal condition. The activation energy (Ea) of isomerisation is determined by the controlled temperature reaction. Liquid crystal property of the molecules is examined by polarizing optical microscopy (PoM) and DSC. The carbon chain length n = 18 shows nematic (N)-isotropic (I) phase transition and an unknown Smectic (Sm) phase is observed with n = 22 on heating cycle.

关键词： Arylazoimidazoles Structure Photochromism Liquid Crystal Nematic-Isotropic Phase Transition Smectic Phase

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Comparison of Cardiac output Measurement by Noninvasive Method with Electrical Cardiometry and Invasive Method with Thermodilution Technique in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2014年第7期4卷 123-130页

作者： randhir Singh Rajput Sambhunath Das Sandeep Chauhan A. K. Bisoi Sumit Vasdev Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia CN Centre VII Floor All India Institute of Medical Science New Delhi India

objective: This study was conducted to compare the cardiac output by using Electrical Cardiometry (EC), a noninvasive method of continuous cardiac output monitoring during cardiac surgery with pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) derived cardiac output. Design: Prospective observational clinical study. Setting: Cardiac surgery operating room of a tertiary care cardiac center. Participants: Twenty five patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 150 double data of cardiac output were compared with Thermodilution Cardiac output (TDCo) and Thoracic Electrical Bioimpedance (TEBCo). The TDCo value ranges from 1.8-6.9 litre·min-1 with a mean of 4.39 ± 1.16 litre·min-1 and TEBCo ranges from 1.8-7.1 litre·min-1 with a mean of 4.21 ± 1.16 litre·min-1. The averaged Bland-Altman analysis for TDCo and TEBCo revealed that a mean bias was 0.18 and limit of agreement was -1.25 - 0.89 litre·min-1 and the percentage error (PE) ranged from 22%-32%. The precision for the TDCo was measured to be ±16.2% and the precision for TEBCo was ±19.6%. Receiver operating Characteristic (RoC) curve analysis between TDCo and TEBCo with a cutoff of 15% shows a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 63 and area under RoC curve of 0.80. Mountain plot between TDCo and TEBCo shows that a median percentile is 0.25 and value of 97.5 percentile is 1.525. Conclusions: The present study indicates that the electric cardiometry device yields numerically comparable results to cardiac outputs derived from the PAC during the cardiac surgery. Therefore, electrical cardiometry can be used to evaluate haemodynamic variables with clinically acceptable accuracy, when invasive methods are to be avoided or not available.

关键词： Electric Cardiometry Thermodilution Pulmonary Artery Catheter Non Invasive Cardiac output Thoracic Electrical Bioimpedance

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Per oral cholangiopancreatoscopy in pancreatico biliary diseases- Expert consensus statements

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第15期21卷 4722-4734页

作者： Mohan Ramchandani Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy Sundeep Lakhtakia Manu Tandan Amit Maydeo Thoguluva Seshadri Chandrashekhar Ajay Kumar randhir Sud Rungsun Rerknimitr Dadang Makmun Christopher Khor Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Baldota Institute of Digestive Sciences Gastro-enterology and Endocrinology MedIndia Hospitals Department of Gastroenterology Apollo Hospital Delhi Department of Gastro-enterology Medanta Gastroenterology and Hepatology King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Department of Medicine Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine National University Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

AIM: To provide consensus statements on the use of per-oral cholangiopancreatoscopy(PoCPS).METHoDS: A workgroup of experts in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP), endosonography, and PoCPS generated consensus statements summarizing the utility of PoCPS in pancreaticobiliary disease. Recommendation grades used validated evidence ratings of publications from an extensive literature ***: Six consensus statements were generated:(1) PoCPS is now an important additional tool during ERCP;(2) in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures, PoCS and PoCS-guided targeted biopsy are useful for establishing a definitive diagnosis;(3) PoCS and PoCS-guided lithotripsy are recommended for treatment of difficult common bile duct stones when standard techniques fail;(4) in patients with main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMN) PoPS may be used to assess extent of tumor to assist surgicalresection;(5) in difficult pancreatic ductal stones,PoPS-guided lithotripsy may be useful in fragmentation and extraction of stones; and(6) additional indications for PoCPS include selective guidewire placement,unexplained hemobilia, assessing intraductal biliary ablation therapy, and extracting migrated stents. CoNCLUSIoN: PoCPS is important in association with ERCP, particularly for diagnosis of indeterminate biliary strictures and for intra-ductal lithotripsy when other techniques failed, and may be useful for preoperative assessment of extent of main duct IPMN, for extraction of difficult pancreatic stones, and for unusua indications involving selective guidewire placement,assessing unexplained hemobilia or intraductal biliary ablation therapy, and extracting migrated stents.

关键词： Per oral cholangiopancreatoscopy Intraductallithotripsy Indeterninate biliary strictures Cholangioscopy Pancreatoscopy

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