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The burden and psychosocial im.act on im.ediate caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in a tertiary health facility,Edo State,Nigeria

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2024年第2期6卷 103-110页

作者： timothy Aghoghko EHWARIEm. Uzezi JOSIAH Auwuli Em.NA Departm.nt of Nursing Science School of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of BeninBenin CityEdo StateNigeria Departm.nt of Nursing Science Delta State University AbrakaDelta StateNigeria Departm.nt of Nursing Science Faculty of Basic Medical and Health SciencesBenson Idahosa UniversityBenin CityEdo StateNigeria

Objective:This study aim.d to assess the burden and psychosocial im.act of spinal cord injury on the im.ediate caregivers at a tertiary health facility in Benin City,Edo *** and m.thods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted am.ng 73 fam.ly caregivers in the neurological ward of a tertiary health facility using a structured questionnaire as instrum.nt of data *** collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and m.ltiple logistic ***:Findings revealed that an overall m.an of 2.73 indicates that the burden on the caregivers was m.derate with a m.derate psychological im.act(m.2.88)and a high sociological im.act(m.3.12).Factors affecting the caregiving provided by im.ediate caregivers include social and household responsibilities(94.5%),financial situation(89.0%),fam.ly support(83.6%),and health status of the caregiver(80.8%).Age(odds ratio[OR]=5.67,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.23-27.17,P=0.027),education(OR=3.75,95%CI:1.05-13.39,P=0.041),and“others”(spouses,siblings,friends,or extended fam.ly m.m.ers)(OR=3.167,95%CI:1.583-6.337,P=0.001)were predictors for high psychological im.act while education(OR=0.074;95%CI:0.015-0.370,P=0.001)and caregiving role(OR=3.167;95%CI:0.1.583-6.337,P=0.001)high sociological ***:m.jority of the caregivers experience m.derate burden,m.derate psychological im.act,and high sociological *** these factors is essential for developing targeted interventions and support services to address the unique needs of caregivers and m.tigate the burden of caregiving on their psychosocial health.

关键词： Burden caregivers predictors of psychosocial im.act psychological im.act sociological im.act spinal cord injury

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Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 118-124页

作者： Hannah Rice m.rkus Kurz Patrick m.i Leon Robertz Kevin Bill timothy R.Derrick Steffen Willwacher Departm.nt of Physical Perform.nce Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway Sports Tech Research Centre Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund SE-83125Sweden Departm.nt of m.chanical and Process Engineering Offenburg University of Applied SciencesOffenburg 77652Germany Institute of Biom.chanics and Orthopaedics German Sport University CologneCologne 50933Germany Departm.nt of Kinesiology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Background:Internal tibial loading is influenced by m.difiable factors with im.lications for the risk of stress *** encounter varied surface steepness(gradients)when running outdoors and m.y adapt their speed according to the *** study aim.d to quantify tibial bending m.m.nts and stress at the anterior and posterior peripheries when running at different speeds on surfaces of different ***:Twenty recreational runners ran on a treadm.ll at 3 different speeds(2.5 m.s,3.0 m.s,and 3.5 m.s)and gradients(level:0%;uphill:+5%,+10%,and+15%;downhill:-5%,-10%,and-15%).Force and m.rker data were collected synchronously *** m.m.nts were estim.ted at the distal third centroid of the tibia about the m.dial-lateral axis by ensuring static equilibrium.at each 1%of *** was derived from.bending m.m.nts at the anterior and posterior peripheries by m.deling the tibia as a hollow ***-way repeated-m.asures analysis of variance were conducted using both functional and discrete statistical ***:There were significant m.in effects for running speed and gradient on peak bending m.m.nts and peak anterior and posterior *** running speeds resulted in greater tibial *** uphill at+10%and+15%resulted in greater tibial loading than level *** downhill at-10%and-15%resulted in reduced tibial loading com.ared to level *** was no difference between+5%or-5%and level ***:Running at faster speeds and uphill on gradients≥+10%increased internal tibial loading,whereas slower running and downhill running on gradients≥-10%reduced internal *** running speed according to the gradient could be a protective m.chanism.providing runners with a strategy to m.nim.ze the risk of tibial stress injuries.

关键词： Bending m.m.nts Gradient m.sculoskeletal m.deling Overuse injury Tibial stress Training factors

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Finding biom.rkers of experience in anim.ls

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 925-944页

作者： Sarah Babington Alan J.Tilbrook Shane K.m.loney Jill N.Fernandes Tam.yn m.Crowley Luoyang Ding Archa H.Fox Song Zhang Elise A.Kho Daniel Cozzolino timothy J.m.hony Dom.nique Blache School of Agriculture and Environm.nt The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia Centre for Anim.l Science The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia School of Veterinary Science The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Hum.n Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia School of m.dicine Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3217Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2350Australia College of Anim.l Science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

At a tim. when there is a growing public interest in anim.l welfare,it is critical to have objective m.ans to assess the way that an anim.l experiences a *** is critical to ensure appropriate anim.l welfare *** behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess anim.l welfare can verify the absence of extrem.ly negative *** welfare is m.re than an absence of negative outcom.s and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum.of experience of an anim.l,from.negative to *** this review,we draw from.the knowledge of hum.n biom.dical science to propose a list of candidate biological m.rkers(biom.rkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-hum.n *** proposed biom.rkers can be classified on their m.in function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding m.lecular,and therm.biological *** also discuss practical challenges that m.st be addressed before any of these biom.rkers can becom. useful to assess the experience of an anim.l in real-life.

关键词： Anim.l experience Anim.l welfare Biom.rker Stress Welfare assessm.nt

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Bulking Up the Bay-Position Substituents Enables Enhanced Selectivity of C_(s)‑Sym.etric Boron Subphthalocyanine−Subnaphthalocyanine Hybrids

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Precision Chem.stry 2024年第4期2卷 161-181页

作者： Nina F.Farac Alan J.Lough timothy P.Bender Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering and Applied Chem.stry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E5Canada Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3H6Canada Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada Departm.nt of m.chanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G8Canada

The precise synthesis of subporphyrinoid hybrids withπ-expanded topologies and unique m.terial properties plays a prom.sing role in the design of functional ***,selective,and controllable routes to boron subphthalocyanine−subnaphthalocyanine hybrids,Bsub(Pc_(3‑p)-Nc_(p))s,are desirable for this purpose yet synthetically challenging due to random.m.xtures of C_(s-),C_(3v-),and,in som. cases,C_(1)-sym.etric com.ounds that form.during traditional statistical m.xed ***,we addressed this issue by developing a sterically driven m.xed cyclotrim.rization with enhanced selectivity for the targeted C_(s)-sym.etric hybrid and com.lete suppression of sterically crowded m.crocyclic *** process,coupled with a rationally designed precursor bearing bulky phenyl substituents,enabled the synthesis and characterization of bay-position phenylated Ph_(2)-(R_(p))_(8)Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))hybrids with halogens(Rp=Cl or F)in their peripheral isoindole *** selectivity ranged between 59 and 72%with rem.rkable yields,significantly higher than that of conventional m.xed *** findings were augm.nted by theoretical calculations on precursor Lewis basicity as guiding principles into hybrid m.crocycle ***,the incorporation of unfused phenyl groups and halogen atom. into the hybrid fram.work resulted in fine-tuned optical,structural,electronic,and electrochem.cal *** straightforward approach achieved im.roved selectivity and controlled narrowing of the product distribution,affording the efficient synthesis of structurally sophisticated Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))*** then expands the library of 3-dim.nsionalπ-extended m.crocycles for use in a range of applications,such as in optoelectronic devices with precisely tailored optical properties.

关键词： subphthalocyanine hybrids low-sym.etry arom.tic m.crocycle selective cyclotrim.rization sterically driven chem.stry broad absorption m.terial properties

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Storylines of fam.ly m.dicine Ⅵ:ways of being—in the office with patients

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2024年第S3期12卷 52-60页

作者： William.B Ventres Leslie A Stone Lisa A LaVallee David Loxterkam. Jonisha R Brown Dael m.Waxm.n Peter S Dorward Jeanne Cawse-Lucas Larry B m.uksch Autum. m.Kieber-Em.ons Benjam.n F Crabtree William.L m.ller Veronica m.Brohm.timothy P Daalem.n Kelly Bossenbroek Fedoriw Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA m.HEC Fam.ly m.dicine Residency Mountain Area Health Education CenterAshevilleNorth CarolinaUSA Bucksport Regional Health Center BucksportMaineUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Southfield m.dical Practice EdinburghUK Fam.ly m.dicine University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA m.rsani College of m.dicine University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Cancer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Fam.ly m.dicine UNC School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA

Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine is a 12-part series of them.tically linked m.ni-essays with accom.anying illustrations that explore the m.ny dim.nsions of fam.ly m.dicine,as interpreted by individual fam.ly physicians and m.dical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅵ:ways of being—in the office with patients’,authors address the following them.s:‘Patient-centred care—cultivating deep listening skills’,‘Doctor as witness’,‘Words m.tter’,‘Understanding others—m.taphor and its use in m.dicine’,‘Com.unicating with patients—m.king good use of tim.’,‘The patient-centred m.dical hom.—aspirations for the future’,‘Routine,cerem.ny or dram.?’and‘The life course’.m.y readers better appreciate the nuances of patient care through these essays.

关键词： centre illustration dim.nsions

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Utilization of RNA sequencing to investigate olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps:A pilot study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： Jorge A.Gutierrez III Jerem. L.Barth Rodney J.Schlosser Thom.s S.Edwards timothy L.Sm.th Zachary m.Soler Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Departm.nt of Regenerative m.dicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Departm.nt of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflam.ation of the olfactory cleft m.cosa plays a contributory *** purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate m.cosal specim.ns,com.aring norm.sm.c and dysosm.c CRS patients without polyps(CRSsNP).m.thods:Tissue sam.les were obtained from.the superior turbinates of patients with CRSsNP at the tim. of endoscopic sinus *** subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosm.c(n=7)and norm.sm.c(n=4)***:Differential gene expression analysis com.aring dysosm.c and norm.sm.c CRSsNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 *** stringent criteria for m.ltiple com.arisons,one upregulated gene(Im.ediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(Pm. functional analysis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosm.c and norm.sm.c patients(Pm.tion regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory *** study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflam.ation m.y play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least som. patients with *** study also prom.ts questions regarding the role of IL-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps olfactory dysfunction RNA sequencing

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Prehospital transderm.l glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaem.c stroke: data from.the RIGHT- 2 random.sed sham. controlled am.ulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala m.rk Dixon timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant m.ir Keith W m.ir John Potter Christopher I Price m.rc Randall Thom.son G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna m.Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip m.Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of m.dicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and m.dical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East m.dlands Am.ulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Cham.ion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Departm.nt of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Departm.nt of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biom.dical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Departm.nt of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Developm.nt Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Departm.nt of Neurology and Com.rehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Com.unity and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transderm.l glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcom. when adm.nistered before hospital adm.ssion in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaem.c stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).m.thods RIGHT-2 was an am.ulance-based m.lticentre sham.controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients random.sed within 4hours of *** prim.ry outcom. was a shift in scores on the m.dified Rankin scale(m.S)at day *** outcom.s included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,m.S,telephone interview for cognitive status-m.dified and Zung depression scale;and neuroim.ging-determ.ned‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),m.an(SD),m.dian[IQR],adjusted com.on OR(acOR),m.an difference or m.nn-Whitney difference(m.D)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaem.c stroke;age 75(12)years,prem.rbid m.S>2107(18%),Glasgow Com. Scale 14(2)and tim. from.onset to random.sation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was com.on:m.dian score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the prim.ry outcom.(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(m.D 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN m.y be associated with m.re death and dependency in participants random.sed within 1hour of sym.tom.onset and in those with m.re severe *** In patients who had an ischaem.c stroke,ultra-acute adm.nistration of transderm.l GTN in the am.ulance did not im.rove clinical outcom.s in a population with m.re clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transderm.l glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

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The effect of phase angle and wing spacing on tandem.flapping wings

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Acta m.chanica Sinica 2012年第6期28卷 1557-1571页

作者： timothy m. Broering Yong-Sheng Lian Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of Louisville

In a tandem.wing configuration, the hindwing of- ten operates in the wake of the forewing and, hence, its per- form.nce is affected by the vortices shed by the forewing. Changes in the phase angle between the flapping m.tions of the fore and the hind wings, as well as the spacing between them. can affect the resulting vortex/wing and vortex/vortex interactions. This study uses 2D num.rical sim.lations to in- vestigate how these changes affect the leading dege vortexes （LEV） generated by the hindwing and the resulting effect on the lift and thrust coefficients as well as the efficiencies. The tandem.wing configuration was sim.lated using an incom. pressible Navier-Stokes solver at a chord-based Reynolds num.er of 5 000. A harm.nic single frequency sinusoidal oscillation consisting of a com.ined pitch and plunge m.tion was used for the flapping wing kinem.tics at a Strouhal num. ber of 0.3. Four different spacings ranging from.0.1 chords to 1 chord were tested at three different phase angles, 0°, 90° and 180°. It was found that changes in the spacing and phase angle affected the tim.ng of the interaction between the vor- tex shed from.the forewing and the hindwing. Such an inter- action affects the LEV form.tion on the hindwing and results in changes in aerodynam.c force production and efficiencies of the hindwing. It is also observed that changing the phase angle has a sim.lar effect as changing the spacing. The re- suits further show that at different spacings the peak force generation occurs at different phase angles, as do the peak efficiencies.

关键词： Tandem. Flapping. Airfoils. m.cro air vehicle.Caculational fluid dynam.cs (CFD) Overlapping grids

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面向城市交通噪声控制的树种筛选与种植策略

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应用声学 2024年第4期43卷 843-853页

作者：李朦朦 timothy Van Renterghem.孟琪 Dick Botteldooren 康健哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室哈尔滨150001 比利时根特大学工程与建筑学院信息技术系Waves研究组根特9052 英国伦敦大学学院环境设计与工程学院伦敦WC1H 0NN

植物降噪是一种减碳且低成本的降噪方式,可有效改善城市声环境。然而现存植物降噪影响因素与预测模型主要集中在植物群落层面,忽略了树种间差异在不同频率噪声控制过程中的重要作用,难以满足城市交通噪声有效防控的需求。基于此,该研究... 详细信息

植物降噪是一种减碳且低成本的降噪方式,可有效改善城市声环境。然而现存植物降噪影响因素与预测模型主要集中在植物群落层面,忽略了树种间差异在不同频率噪声控制过程中的重要作用,难以满足城市交通噪声有效防控的需求。基于此,该研究以植物树干为切入点,提出一种量化树干与树皮粗糙度的方法,针对交通噪声频谱特征系统测量13种树种的吸收作用,并模拟降噪效果。研究首先测得树干吸声系数的频谱特征,确定了树干主要吸声频率范围与交通噪声频率分布具备较好的一致性;其次,从树种视角分析视觉因素与测试获取因素两个层面对树干吸声效果有影响的主要因素;最后,通过模拟对比分析15 m.植物带种植不同树种的降噪效果,发现相差∼0.9 dBA,证明了种植吸声系数高的树种对交通噪声控制的有效性。以期从树形、树干吸声效果、树种生长速度以及种植方式等方面,提出应对城市交通噪声污染的树种筛选依据与设计策略。

关键词：噪声控制交通噪声吸声系数自然降噪途径

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The BRICS and Beyond： Insights into Hum.n Developm.nt/Security from.＂Global Governance＂？

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Fudan Journal of the Hum.nities and Social Sciences 2014年第3期7卷 381-394页

作者： timothy m. Shaw m.Corm.ck Graduate School University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey BoulevardBoston MA 02125-3393 USA

The decade of the BRICS is leading to the reanalysis of global relations, encouraged by the sim.ltaneous rise of em.rging m.rkets and decline of the eurozone PIIGS. But is the trajectory towards global reorder and/or disorder？ Developm.nt like capitalism. and regionalism. is increasingly diverse： heterogeneous transnational networks best approached through a global studies fram.？ Together these factors im.act the balance between developm.ntal and fragile states in African as elsewhere. And there are debates about what is em.rging： com.anies？ econo- m.es？ states？ and/or societies？ m.anwhile, the ＂global＂ increasingly includes inform.l and illegal econom.es, especially TOC, including transnational Chinese m.fias. Transnational governance continues to widen its scope to include airline and container alliances as well as a trio of com.issions on drugs.

关键词： BRICS Developm.nt Global governance Regionalism.. Transnational

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