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Advanced 4D-bioprinting technologies for brain tissue modeling and study

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2019年第3期10卷 177-204页

作者： timothy J.esworthy Shida Miao Se-Jun Lee Xuan Zhou Haitao Cui Yi Y.Zuo Lijie Grace Zhang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA Department of Medicine The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA

Although the process by which the cortical tissues of the brain fold has been the subject of considerable study and debate over the past few decades,a single mechanistic description of the phenomenon has yet to be fully ***,two competing explanations of cortical folding have arisen in recent years;known as the axonal tension and the differential tangential expansion *** the present review,these two models are introduced by analyzing the computational,theoretical,materials-based,and cell studies which have yielded *** Four-dimensional bioprinting is presented as a powerful technology which can not only be used to test both models of cortical folding de novo,but can also be used to explore the reciprocal effects that folding associated mechanical stresses may have on neural ***,the fabrication of‘smart’tissue models which can accurately simulate the in vivo folding process and recapitulate physiologically relevant stresses are *** also provide a general description of both cortical neurobiology as well as the cellular basis of cortical *** discussion also entails an overview of both 3D and 4D bioprinting technologies,as well as a brief commentary on recent advancements in printed central nervous system tissue engineering.

关键词： 4D bioprinting smart materials brain cortical folding gyrification

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A novel near-infrared light responsive 4D printed nanoarchitecture with dynamically and remotely controllable transformation

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Nano Research 2019年第6期12卷 1381-1388页

作者： Haitao Cui Shida Miao timothy esworthy Se-jun Lee Xuan Zhou Sung Yun Hann Thomas J.Webster Brent T.Harris Lijie Grace Zhang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Neurology and Pathology Georgetown UniversityWashingtonDC 20007USA Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Medicine The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA

Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging and highly innovative additive manufacturing process by which to fabricate pre-designed,self-assembly structures with the ability to transform over ***,one of the critical challenges of 4D printing is the lack of advanced 4D printing systems that not only meet all the essential requirements of shape change but also possess smart,dynamic capabilities to spatiotemporally and instantly control the shape-transformation ***,we present a facile 4D printing platform which incorporates nanomaterials into the conventional stimuli-responsive polymer,allowing the 4D printed object to achieve a dynamic and remote controlled,on-time and position shape transformation.A proof-of-concept 4D printed brain model was created using near-infrared light (NIR) responsive nanocomposite to evaluate the capacity for controllable 4D transformation,and the feasibility of photothermal stimulation for modulating neural stem cell *** novel 4D printing strategy can not only be used to create dynamic 3D patterned biological structures that can spatiotemporally control their shapes or behaviors of transformation under a human benign stimulus (NIR),but can also provide a potential method for building complex self-morphing objects for widespread applications.

关键词： near-infrared light responsive four-dimensional (4D) printing dynamically and remotely controllable graphene brain neural stem cell

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Tale of mitochondria and mitochondria-associated ER membrane in patient-derived neuronal models of Wolfram syndrome

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2587-2588页

作者： Laetitia Aubry timothy Barrett Sovan Sarkar I-STEM CECSCorbeil-EssonnesFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay Universitéd’EvryINSERMI-STEMUMR861Corbeil-EssonnesFrance Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences Institute of Biomedical ResearchCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK Department of Endocrinology Birmingham Women’s and Children’s HospitalSteelhouse LaneBirminghamUK

Mitochondria and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane in neurodegenerative diseases:Mitochondria generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the biochemical reactions of cells,and thus are often referred to as the"powerhouse"of the ***,this organelle is also involved in a pleth,ora of different cellular functions such as calcium(Ca^(2+))homeostasis,apoptosis,oxidative stress,and several metabolic pathways including oxidative phosphorylation,tricarboxylic acid cycle,andβ-oxidation of fatty acids.

关键词： oxidative cycle carboxylic

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Bioelectronic medicine in modulation of cortical spreading depolarization and beyond

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 481-482页

作者： Khaled Alok timothy G.White Chunyan Li Department of Neurosurgery Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNYUSA Translational Brain Research Laboratory The Feinstein Institutes for Medical ResearchManhassetNYUSA

Bioelectronic interventions,specifically trigeminal nerve st imulat ion(TNS),have attracted considerable attention in conditions where cortical spreading depolarizations(CSDs)accompanied by compromised cerebral perfusion may exacerbate neurological *** pharmacological interventions have demonstrated initial potential in addressing CSDs,a standardized treatment approach has not yet been *** objective of this perspective is to explore emerging bioelectronic methodologies for addressing CSDs,particularly emphasizing TNS,and to underscore TNS’s capacity to enhance neurovascular coupling and cerebral perfusion.

关键词： cerebral perfusion electronic

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Plate tectonics in relation to mantle temperatures and metamorphic properties

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第5期63卷 634-642页

作者： timothy KUSKY State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Center for Global TectonicsSchool of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Three Gorges Research Center for Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

When plate tectonics emerged and how it has evolved over Earth history are two of the most fundamental challenges in Earth *** questions are tackled using a holistic approach to analyze tectonic styles in the history of Earth,giving rise to the interpretation of two styles of plate tectonics since the *** these interpretations,there are different styles of deformation and metamorphism between early times dominated by warm subduction,and later times preferring cold *** two styles of plate tectonics are recorded by different properties of regional metamorphism at convergent plate boundaries,which are linked to the differences in mantle temperature between the Archean and Phanerozoic.A transition to modern plate tectonics is recorded by the signature of blueschist facies metamorphism developed in the *** is consistent with geological evidence for the operation of ancient plate tectonics since the early *** temporal cooling of the mantle explains the geochemical trends of mantle-derived melts,the likely change from numerous small plates to fewer but larger plates,changes in thickness and preservation of oceanic crust and lithosphere in accretionary and collisional orogens,and led to the oxygenation of the surface environment providing the environments needed to foster life.

关键词： Plate tectonics Precambrian Accretionary orogen Mantle temperature Metamorphic facies series

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Analysis of the design and performance characteristics of pumpable roof supports

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 91-99页

作者： Batchler timothy NIOSH Office of Mine Safety and Health ResearchPittsburghPA 15236USA

Pumpable roof supports are currently being used to provide a safe working environment for longwall mining. Because different pumpable supports are visually similar and installed fundamentally in the same manner as other supports, there is a tendency to believe they all perform the same way. However, there are several design parameters that can affect their performance, including the cementitious material properties and the bag construction practices that influence the degree of confinement provided. A full understanding of the impact of these design parameters is necessary to optimize the support application and to provide a foundation for making further improvements in the support performance. This paper evaluates the impact of various support design parameters by examining full-scale performance tests conducted using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) Mine Roof Simulator(MRS) as part of manufacturers' developmental and quality control testing. These tests were analyzed to identify correlations between the support design parameters and the resulting performance. Based on more than 160 tests over 7 years, quantifiable patterns were examined to assess the correlation between the support dimensions, cementitious material type, wire pitch, and single-wall vs. dualwalled bag designs to the support capacity, stiffness, load shedding events, and yield characteristics.

关键词： Pumpable Roofsuppo Performance characteristics Secondary support

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Growth of continental crust in intra-oceanic and continental-margin arc systems: Analogs for Archean systems

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第9期65卷 1615-1645页

作者： timothy KUSKY Lu WANG State Key Lab for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Center for Global TectonicsSchool of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Badong National Observatory and Research Station for Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Earth’s continental crust has grown and been recycled throughout geologic history along convergent plate *** main locus of continental crustal growth is in intra-oceanic and continental-margin arc systems in Archean time. In arc systems, oceanic lithosphere is subducted to the deeper mantle, and together with its overlying sedimentary sequence is in some cases off-scraped to form accretionary prisms. Fluids are released from the subducting slab to chemically react with the mantle wedge, forming mafic-ultramafic metasomatites, whose partial melting generates mafic melts that rise up to form arcs. In intraoceanic arcs, they produce dominantly basaltic lavas, with a mid-crust that includes variably-developed vertically-walled intermediate plutons and higher-level dikes and sills. In continental-margin arcs, different petrogenetic processes cause assimilation and fractionation of basaltic magmas, partial melting/reworking of juvenile basaltic rocks, and mixing of mantle-and crust-derived melts, so they produce andesitic calc-alkaline melts but still have a mid-crust dominated by vertically-walled felsic plutons, which form 3-D dome-and-basin structures, akin to those in some Archean terranes such as parts of the Pilbara and Zimbabwe cratons. Notably, the continental crust of Archean times is dominated by tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG)plutons, similar to that of the mid-crust of these arc systems, suggesting that early continental crust may have formed largely by the amalgamation of multiple arc systems. The patterns of magmatism, in terms of petrogenesis, rock types, duration of magmatic and accretionary events, and the spatial scales of deformation and magmatism have remained essentially the same throughout geological history, demonstrating that plate tectonic processes characterized by subduction and arc magmatism have been in operation at least as long as recorded by the preserved geologic record, since the Eoarchean. However, the early Earth was dom

关键词： Oceanic arc Continental arc Accretionary orogen Archean Crustal growth

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Performance-based seismic design of nonstructural building components:The next frontier of earthquake engineering

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第S1期13卷 17-46页

作者： Andre Filiatrault timothy Sullivan Dept.of Civil Structural and Environmental Engineering University at BuffaloState University of New York Dept.of Civil Engineering & Architecture University of Pavia Assistant Professor

With the development and implementation of performance-based earthquake engineering,harmonization of performance levels between structural and nonstructural components becomes vital. Even if the structural components of a building achieve a continuous or immediate occupancy performance level after a seismic event,failure of architectural,mechanical or electrical components can lower the performance level of the entire building system. This reduction in performance caused by the vulnerability of nonstructural components has been observed during recent earthquakes worldwide. Moreover,nonstructural damage has limited the functionality of critical facilities,such as hospitals,following major seismic events. The investment in nonstructural components and building contents is far greater than that of structural components and framing. Therefore,it is not surprising that in many past earthquakes,losses from damage to nonstructural components have exceeded losses from structural damage. Furthermore,the failure of nonstructural components can become a safety hazard or can hamper the safe movement of occupants evacuating buildings,or of rescue workers entering buildings. In comparison to structural components and systems,there is relatively limited information on the seismic design of nonstructural components. Basic research work in this area has been sparse,and the available codes and guidelines are usually,for the most part,based on past experiences,engineering judgment and intuition,rather than on objective experimental and analytical results. Often,design engineers are forced to start almost from square one after each earthquake event: to observe what went wrong and to try to prevent repetitions. This is a consequence of the empirical nature of current seismic regulations and guidelines for nonstructural components. This review paper summarizes current knowledge on the seismic design and analysis of nonstructural building components,identifying major knowledge gaps that w

关键词： nonstructural building components performance-based earthquake engineering seismic design and analysis

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Comparison of Results of Recent Seismic Profiles with Tectonic Models of the North China Craton

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 250-259页

作者： timothy M Kusky State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazardMinistry of EducationChina University of Geosciences

The geometry and timing of amalgamation of the North China craton（NCC） have been controversial,with three main models with significantly different interpretations of regional structure,geochronology,and geological *** model of Zhao G C et *** that the eastern and western blocks of the NCC formed separately in the Archean,and an active margin was developed on the eastern block between 2.5 and 1.85 Ga,when the two blocks collided above an east dipping subduc-tion *** model of Kusky et *** that the eastern block rifted from an unknown larger continent at circa 2.7 Ga,and experienced a collision with an arc（perhaps attached to the western block） above a west-dipping subduction zone at 2.5 Ga,and the 1.85 Ga metamorphism is related to a collision along the northern margin of the craton when the NCC joined the Columbia *** model of Faure et *** two collisions in the central orogenic belt,at 2.1 and 1.88 *** seismic results support both the models of Kusky et *** Faure et al.,showing that subduction be-neath the central orogenic belt（COB） was west-directed,and that there is a second,west-dipping pa-leosubduction zone located to the east of the COB dipping beneath the western block（Ordos craton）.The boundaries identified through geophysics do not correlate with the boundaries of the Trans-North China orogen suggested in the Zhao et ***,and the subduction polarity is opposite that predicted by that *** seismic profiles are consistent with an Archean collision above a west-dipping sub-duction zone beneath the COB predicted by the models of Kusky et al.,and the second west-dipping subduction zone is consistent with the two events suggested in the Faure et ***.

关键词： North China craton Archean tectonics geophysics.

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Discovery of a pair instability supernova ignites excitement about the first stars

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第9期66卷 198-199页

作者： timothy C.Beers Department of Physics and Astronomy and JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements University of Notre DameNotre Dame 46556USA

For decades,astronomers have predicted that Pair Instability Supernovae(PISNe)might occur when a massive star(140-260 solar masses,M☉)reaches the end of its life,and suffers a cataclysmic explosion due to the transformation of gamma rays in its interior into pairs of free electrons and positrons,robbing the star of the radiation pressure required to support itself against gravity.

关键词： stars massive supernova

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