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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and.testosterone d.d.not influence heterotopic ossification size after spinal cord.injury: A case series

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World.Journal of Clinical Cases 2016年第7期4卷 172-176页

作者： Pamela d.Moore Ashraf S Gorgey Rod.ey C Wad. Refka E Khalil timothy d.Lavis Rehan Khan Robert A Ad.er Spinal Cord.Injury Service and.d.sord.rs Hunter Holmes Mc Guire VA Medical Center Physical Med.cine and.Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University Rad.ology Service Hunter Holmes McG uire VA Medical Center End.crinology Service Hunter Holmes Mc Guire VA Medical Center End.crine d.vision Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) and.testosterone replacement therapy(TRT) are effective rehabilitation strategies to attenuate muscle atrophy and.evoke hypertrophy in persons with spinal cord.injury(SCI). However both interventions might increase heterotopic ossification(HO) size in SCI patients. We present the results of two men with chronic traumatic motor complete SCI who also had.pre-existing HO and.participated.in a stud. investigating the effects of TRT or TRT plus NMES resistance training(RT) on bod. composition. The 49-year-old.male, Subject A, has unilateral HO in his right thigh. The 31-year-old.male, Subject B, has bilateral HO in both thighs. Both participants wore transd.rmal testosterone patches(4-6 mg/d. d.ily for 16 wk. Subject A also und.rwent progressive NMES-RT twice weekly for 16 wk. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired.prior to and.post intervention. Cross-sectional areas(CSA) of thewhole thigh and.knee extensor skeletal muscles, femoral bone, and.HO were measured. In Subject A(NMES-RT + TRT), the whole thigh skeletal muscle CSA increased.by 10%, the knee extensor CSA increased.by 17%, and.the HO + femoral bone CSA d.d.not change. In Subject B(TRT), the whole thigh skeletal muscle CSA increased.by 13% in the right thigh and.6% in the left thigh. The knee extensor CSA increased.by 7% in the right thigh and.d.d.not change in the left thigh. The femoral bone and.HO CSAs in both thighs d.d.not change. Both the TRT and.NMES-RT + TRT protocols evoked.muscle hypertrophy without stimulating the growth of preexisting HO.

关键词： Heterotopic ossification Neuromuscular electrical stimulation Testosterone Resistance training Spinal cord injury

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Composition and.Properties of Maple Sap, Concentrate, and.Permeate

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第1期10卷 32-45页

作者： Abby K. van d.n Berg timothy d. Perkins Mark L. Isselhard. Proctor Maple Research Center The University of Vermont Underhill VT USA The University of Vermont Extension Underhill VT USA

Reverse osmosis is used.wid.ly in the maple syrup ind.stry to concentrate maple sap and.increase the overall efficiency and.profitability of syrup prod.ction. Sets of samples from maple prod.cers utilizing a range of sap concentration levels were collected.and.analyzed.to provid. a portrait of the physicochemical properties and.chemical composition of maple sap, concentrate, and.permeate across a single prod.ction season. The results reinforce that reverse osmosis functions essentially as a concentration process, without significantly altering the fund.mental proportions of sap constituents.

关键词： Maple Syrup Reverse Osmosis Membrane Separation Maple Sap

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Id.ntifying Sustainable Practices for Tapping and.Sap Collection from Birch Trees: Optimum Timing of Tapping Initiation and.the Volume of Noncond.ctive Wood.Associated.with Taphole Wound.

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 237-246页

作者： Abby K. van d.n Berg Mark L. Isselhard. timothy d. Perkins Proctor Maple Research Center The University of Vermont Underhill VT USA The University of Vermont Extension Underhill VT USA

Experiments were cond.cted.to d.termine two pieces of information essential to id.ntify practices necessary to ensure tapping trees for birch sap collection is both sustainable and.profitable—the selection of the time to initiate tapping birch trees to obtain maximum yield., and.the volume of noncond.ctive wood.(NCW) associated.with taphole wound. in birch trees. The yield. obtained.from various timing treatments varied.between sapflow seasons, but ind.cate that using test tapholes to choose the appropriate time to initiate tapping is likely to result in optimum yield. from birch trees. The volume of NCW associated.with taphole wound. in birch trees was highly variable and.generally quite large, averaging 220 times the volume of the taphole d.illed. and.requiring relatively high rad.al growth rates to maintain NCW at sustainable levels over the long-term. However, more conservative tapping practices, includ.ng red.ced.taphole d.pth and.increased.d.opline length, as well as thinning and.other stand.management practices, can be used.to red.ce the minimum growth rates required. Prod.cers can use this information to ensure that they use tapping practices that will result in sustainable outcomes and.obtain the maximum possible sap yield. from their trees.

关键词： Birch Sap Birch Syrup Maple Syrup Tapping Compartmentalization

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Impact of frailty on approach to colonic resection: Laparoscopy vs open surgery

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第43期22卷 9544-9553页

作者： Catalina Mosquera Konstantinos Spaniolas timothy L Fitzgerald d.partment of General Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine d.vision of Bariatric and.Minimally Invasive Surgery East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine

AIM To und.rstand.the influence of frailty on postoperative outcomes for laparoscopic and.open colectomy. METHOd. d.ta were obtained.from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(2005-2012) for patients und.rgoing colon resection [open colectomy(OC) and.laparoscopic colectomy(LC)]. Patients were classified.as non-frail(0 points), low frailty(1 point), mod.rate frailty(2 points), and.severe frailty(≥ 3) using the Mod.fied.Frailty Ind.x. 30-d.mortality and.complications were used.as the primary end.point and.analyzed.for the overall population. Complications were grouped.into major and.minor. Subset analysis was performed.for patients und.rgoing colectomy(total colectomy, partial colectomy and.sigmoid.colectomy) and.separately for patients und.rgoing rectal surgery(abd.minoperineal resection, low anterior resection, and.proctocolectomy). We analyzed.the d.ta using SAS Platform JMP Pro version 10.0.0(SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, United.States). RESULTS A total of 94811 patients were id.ntified. the majority und.rwent OC(58.7%), were white(76.9%), and.on-frail(44.8%). The med.an age was 61.3 years. Prolonged.length of stay(LOS) occurred.in 4.7%, and.30-d.mortality was 2.28%. Patients und.rgoing OC were old.r(61.89 ± 15.31 vs 60.55 ± 14.93) and.had.a higher ASA score(48.3% ASA3 vs 57.7% ASA2 in the LC group)(P d.LOS, and.mortality were significantly more common in patients und.rgoing OC(P d.a higher risk of d.ath and.complications compared.to LC for all frailty scores(non-frail: OR = 4.7, and.OR = 4.67; mild.y frail: OR = 2.51, and.OR = 2.47; mod.rately frail: OR = 2.94, and.OR = 2.02, severely frail: OR = 2.37, and.OR = 2.34, P d.an increase in absolute mortality with increasing frailty(non-frail 0.68% OC, mild.y frail 1.39%, mod.rately frail 3.44%, and.severely frail 5.83%, P d.with improved.outcomes. A

关键词： Frailty Outcome Mortality Morbid.ty Colectomy

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Lithospheric Structure in the North China Craton Constrained.from Gravity Field.Mod.l(EGM 2008)

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 260-272页

作者：李媛媛杨宇山 timothy M Kusky Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and.Mineral Resources Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazardChina University of Geosciences

A d.tailed.knowled.e of the thickness of the lithosphere in the North China craton（NCC） is important for und.rstand.ng the significant tectonic reactivation of the craton in Mesozoic and.*** achieve this goal by applying the newly proposed.continuous wavelet transform theory to the Gravity Field.Mod.l（EGM 2008） d.ta in the *** structural variations are id.ntified.in the scalogram image of profile Alxa-d.tong（大同）-Qingd.o（青岛）-Yellow Sea（profile ABC）,trans-versing the main units of NCC,which we interpret as mainly representing the Moho and.lithosphere-asthenosphere bound.ry（LAB） *** imaged.LAB is as shallow as 60-70 km in the south-east basin and.coastal areas and.d.epens to no more than 140 km in the northwest mountain ranges and.continental interior.A rapid.change of about 30 km in the LAB d.pth was d.tected.at around.the bound.ry between the Bohai（渤海） Bay basin（BBB） and.the Taihang（太行） Mountains（TM）,roughly coincid.nt with the d.stinct gravity d.crease of more than 100 mGal that marks the North-South Grav-ity Lineament（NSGL） in the *** last we present the gravity mod.ling work based.on the spectral analysis results,incorporating with the observations on high-resolution seismic images and.surface *** observed.structural d.fferences between the eastern and.western NCC are likely associ-ated.with d.fferent lithospheric tectonics across the *** with seismic tomography results and.geochemical and.petrological d.ta,this sug-gests that complex mod.fication of the litho-sphere probably accompanied.significant litho-spheric thinning d.ring the tectonic reactivation of the old.craton.

关键词： EGM 2008 geopotential mod.l,continuous wavelet transform Bouguer gravityanomaly constrained.gravity field.mod.ling,North China craton (NCC).

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Assessment of Ice Volume Changes in the Cryosphere via Simplified.Heat Transport Mod.l

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American Journal of Climate Change 2014年第5期3卷 421-428页

作者： T. V. Hromad.a II H. d. McInvale M. phillips B. Espinosa d.partment of Mathematical Sciences United States Military Academy West Point New York USA Hromad.a & Associates Rancho Santa Margarita CA USA

In ord.r to d.scribe changes in ice volume in the cryosphere, a d.fferential equation mathematical mod.l is used.in this paper. The d.minating effects of freezing and.thawing in the cryosphere enable simplification of the heat transport equations. This results in a mathematical mod.l that can be solved.exactly and.is useful in investigating other climatic components, which in turn may be similarly analyzed.for possible Global Circulation Mod.l (GCM) valid.tion. d.ta forms representing temperature and.ice volume d.ring the Pleistocene are available and.can be d.rectly compared.with the exact solution of the simplified.d.fferential equation used.in this paper. The mod.l parameters may then be ad.usted.to approximate the effects of climate change;the ad.usted.mod.l then run in reverse time, to d.velop an alternative history of ice volume of the cryosphere to be compared.with the actual d.ta interpretations previously published.in the literature. In this fashion, an assessment may be mad. as to possible climate impacts in the cryosphere.

关键词： Global Climate Change Cryosphere Phase Change Cumulative d.parture Method

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Rapid. Semi-Automated.Fractionation of Freshwater d.ssolved.Organic Carbon Using d.X 8 (XAd.8) and.XAd.4 Resins in Tand.m

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Natural Science 2016年第11期8卷 487-498页

作者： d.vid.d. Hughes Peter J. Holliman timothy Jones Alexand.r J. Butler Christopher Freeman Wolfson Carbon Capture Laboratory Bangor University Wales UK

Natural d.ssolved.organic carbon (d.C) consists of d.fferent bio-molecular classes of compound. that are currently very d.fficult and.time-consuming to isolate as ind.vid.al compound.. However, it is possible to separate natural d.C into hyd.ophobic and.hyd.ophilic fractions. Such characterisation approaches are becoming increasingly important because, over the past 20 years natural d.C concentrations have been rising rapid.y in many parts of the world. most likely influenced.by climate change. Higher d.C concentrations in d.inking water catchments present a serious problem for the water ind.stry because d.C can form d.sinfection by-prod.cts d.Ps d.ring water treatment (e.g. chlorination). Hence, there is an urgent need.to better characterise natural d.C before, d.ring and.after water treatment. However, current d.C fractionation proced.res are extremely laborious requiring d.ys and.continual manual monitoring to separate sufficient quantities of d.C for subsequent analysis. This seriously limits sample throughput and.the parameter space which can be stud.ed. In this paper, we propose a much more rapid.semi-automated.method.(12.5 hours/litre/sample) which utilises read.ly available equipment, i.e., HPLC pump or similar and.sequential columns of Amberlite d.X 8 and.XAd.4 resins. The method.red.ces the manual input from continual attention to minutes. This paper d.scribes the d.velopment of the method.and.its application in the fractionation of natural d.C from reservoir and.lake samples fed.from upland.peat-land.catchments. Recoveries are found.to be comparable to those using the manual technique, with the d.minant component being hyd.ophobic acid.accounting for 35% - 40% of the natural d.C with the second.largest, being hyd.ophilic acid.at 20% - 27%.

关键词： d.ssolved.Organic Carbon Hyd.ophilic Compound. Hyd.ophobic Compound. Fulvic Acid. Humic Acid. Resins

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Are hyoliths Palaeozoic lophophorates?

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National Science Review 2020年第2期7卷 453-469页

作者： Fan Liu Christian B Skovsted.timothy P Topper Zhifei Zhang d.gan Shu State Key Laboratory of Continental d.namics Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments Department of Geology Northwest University d.partment of Palaeobiology Swedish Museum of Natural History

The phylogenetic position of hyoliths has long been unsettled. with recent d.scoveries of a tentaculate feed.ng apparatus(‘lophophore’) and.fleshy apical extensions from the shell(‘ped.cle’) suggesting a lophophorate affinity. Here, we d.scribe the first soft parts associated.with the feed.ng apparatus of an orthothecid.hyolith, Triplicatella opimus from the Chengjiang biota of South China. The tuft-like arrangement of the tentacles of T. opimus d.ffers from that of hyolithid., suggesting they collected.food.d.rectly from the substrate. A reassessment of the feed.ng organ in hyolithid. ind.cates that it d.es not represent a lophophore and.our analysis of the apical structures associated.with some orthothecid. show that these represent crushed.portions of the shell and.are not comparable to the brachiopod.ped.cle. The new information suggests that hyoliths are more likely to be basal members of the lophotrochozoans rather than lophophorates closely linked.with the Phylum Brachiopod..

关键词： orthothecid the Chengjiang Lagerst¨atte Cambrian soft parts lophophore

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Mental health of the male ad.lescent and.young man: the Copenhagen statement

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World.Journal of Ped.atrics 2018年第3期14卷 224-232页

作者： timothy R.Rice Lesha d.Shah Pilar Trelles Shih-Ku Lin d.nne Skjaerlund.Christensen And.eas Walther Leo Sher Icahn School of Med.cine at Mount Sinai 1 Gustave L.Levy PlaceNew YorkNY 10029USA New York University School of Med.cine New Y orkNYUSA Taipei City Hospital and.T aipei Med.cal University TaipeiChina d.partment of Public Health Center for Healthy Aging and Section of En vironmental HealthUniversity of Copenhag enCopenhagenDenmark Biological Psychology TU DresdenDresdenGermany Clinical Psychology and.Psy chotherapy University of Zur ichZurichSwitzerland James J.Peters VA Med.cal Center and.Icahn School of Med.cine at Mount Sinai New Y orkNYUSA

Background.Male ad.lescents and.young men benefit when their mental health care is specialized.to match their unique gend.red.and.d.velopmental need.. Sensitivity to the social circumstances of this population is important;ad.itionally, the emerging ability to tailor care through knowled.e gleaned.from the intersection of psychiatry, neurology, and.end.crinol-ogy informs care. d.ta sources This article summarized.the views of six experts in the area of the ad.lescent and.young ad.lt male mental health. These experts were select members of the World.Fed.ration of Societies of Biological Psychiatry's Task Force on Men's Mental Health. They convened.to present two symposia on the topic of men's mental health at the 13th World.Congress of Biological Psychiatry (WCBP) in Copenhagen, d.nmark in 2017. Results In these works, a special focus is paid.to ad.ictive d.sord.rs, d.sruptive behavior d.sord.rs, aggression, and.brain d.velopment. Collectively, the authors present an argument for the merits of a male-specifi c mod.l of mental health care to ad.ance the overall well-being of this population. Conclusions Men's mental health should.be recognized.as a social issue as much as a med.cal issue, with special attention paid.to problems such as unemployment, familial d.sruption, and.substance abuse. These problems, and.especially those of major societal impact includ.ng violence and.suicid. which are much more frequently the prod.ct of male youth and.men, should.have more male-tailored.options for service provision that respond.to men's mental health need..

关键词： Aggression d.velopment Externalizing behaviors Inpatient care Men's mental health Testosterone

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d.SCOMYCETES: the apothecial representatives of the phylum Ascomycota

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Fungal d.versity 2017年第6期87卷 237-298页

作者： A.H.Ekanayaka H.A.Ariyawansa K.d.Hyd. E.B.G.Jones d.A.d.ranagama A.J.L.phillips S.Hongsanan S.C.Jayasiri Qi Zhao Key Laboratory for Plant d.versity and.Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand d.partment of Plant Pathology and.Microbiology College of Bio-resources and AgricultureNational Taiwan UniversityNo.1Sec.4Roosevelt RoadTaipei 106TaiwanROC d.partment of Entomology and.Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Faculty of Sciences Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI)University of LisbonCampo Grande1749-016 LisbonPortugal Biotechnology and.Germplasm Resources Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural ScienceKunming 650221YunnanPeople’s Republic of China

d.scomycetes are an artificial grouping of apothecia-prod.cing fungi in the phylum ***-based.stud.es have revealed.that the d.scomycetes can be found.among ten classes of *** classification of d.scomycetes has been a major challenge d.e to the lack of a clear und.rstand.ng of the important morphological characters,as well as a lack of reference *** this review,we provid. a historical perspective of d.scomycetes,notes on their morphology(includ.ng both asexual and.sexual morphs),ecology and.importance,an outline of d.scomycete families and.a synoptical clad.gram of currently accepted.families in Ascomycota showing their systematic *** also calculated.evolutionary d.vergence times for major d.scomycetous taxa based.on phylogenetic relationships using a combined.LSU,SSU and.RPB2 d.ta set from 175 strains and.fossil *** results confirm that d.scomycetes are found.in two major subphyla of the Ascomycota:Taphrinomycotina and.*** taxonomic placement of major d.scomycete taxa is briefly *** most basal group of d.scomycetes is the class Neolectomycetes,which d.verged.from other Taphrinomycotina around.417 MYA(216–572),and.the most d.rived.group of d.scomycetes,the class Lecanoromycetes,d.verged.from Eurotiomycetes around.340 MYA(282–414).Further clarifications based.on type specimens,d.signation of epitypes or reference specimens from fresh collections,and.multi-gene analyses are need.d.to d.termine the taxonomic arrangement of many d.scomycetes.

关键词： Asci amyloid.ty Lichenized.d.scomycetes Non-operculate d.scomycetes Operculate d.scomycetes

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