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Dynamics of soil organic carbon following land-use change:insights from stable C-isotope analysis in black soil of Northeast China

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第5期37卷 746-757页

作者： Chenglong Tu Congqiang Liu timothy a.quine Matthew William Jones Taoze Liu Longbo Li Wenjing Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control Ministry of Education Guizhou Medical University School of Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences Hatherly Laboratory University of Exeter Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Intensive soil tillage is a significant factor in soil organic matter decline in cultivated soils. Both cultivation abandonment and foregoing tillage have been encouraged in the past 30 years to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and soil erosion. However, the dynamic processes of soil organic carbon (SOC) in areas of either continuous cultivation or abandonment remain unclear and *** aims were to assess and model the dynamic processes of SOC under continuous tillage and after cultivation abandonment in the black soil of Northeast China. Soil profiles were collected of cultivated or abandoned land with cultivation history of 0–100 years. An isotope mass balance equation was used to calculate the proportion of SOC derived from corn debris (C_4) and from natural vegetation (C_3) to deduce the dynamic process. Approximately 40% of SOC in the natural surface soil (0–10 cm) was eroded in the first 5 years of cultivation, increasing to about 75% within 40 years, before a slow recovery. C_4 above 30 cm soil depth increased by 4.5%–5% or 0.11–0.12 g·kg^(-1) on average per year under continuous cultivation, while it decreased by approximately 0.34% annually in the surface soil after cultivation *** increase in the percentage of C_4 was fitted to a linear equation with given intercepts in the upper 30 cm of soil in cultivated land. A significant relationship between the change of C_4 and time was found only in the surface soil after abandonment of cultivation. These results demonstrate the loss and accumulation of corn-derived SOC in surface black soil of Northeast China under continuous tillage or cultivation abandonment.

关键词： C3 photosynthesis C4 photosynthesis Land-use change Stable carbon isotopes Black soil of Northeast China

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Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry and Rare Earth Oxides can quantify diffuse and convergent soil loss and source apportionment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 633-648页

作者： Pia Benaud Karen Anderson Mike R.James timothy a.quine John N.Quinton Richard E.Brazier CREWW GeographyFaculty of EnvironmentScience and EconomyUniversity of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterPenrynCornwallTR109FEUnited Kingdom Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityBailriggLancasterLA14YQUnited Kingdom Geography Faculty of EnvironmentScience and Economy.University of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom

Accurately quantifying rates of soil erosion requires capturing both the volumetric nature of the visible,convergent fluvial pathways(also known as rills)and the subtle nature of the less-visible,diffuse pathways(interrill areas).The aim of this study was to use Rare Earth Oxide(REO)tracers and Structure-from-Motion(SfM)photogrammetry to elucidate retrospective information about soil erosion rates and sediment sources during different soil erosion conditions,within a controlled laboratory *** experimental conditions created erosion events consistent with diffuse and convergent erosion *** tracers allowed the sediment transport distances of over 2 m to be described,and helped resolved the relative contribution of diffuse and convergent soil erosion;interrill areas were also iden-tified as a significant sediment sources soil loss under convergent erosion *** the potential for SfM photogrammetry to resolve sub-millimetre elevations changes was demonstrated,under some conditions non-erosional changes in surface elevation,such as compaction,exceeded volumes of soil loss via diffuse *** discrepancies between SfM Photogrammetry calculations and REO tagged sediment export were beneficial,identifying that during soil erosion events sediment in both aggregate and particle form is deposited within the convergent features,even when the rill extended the full length of the soil *** combination of SfM photogrammetry and REO tracers has provided a novel platform for building a spatial understanding of patterns of soil loss and source apportionment between rill and interrill erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry Rare Earth Oxides Tracers Sediment Rainfall simulator Sheetwash Rilling Interrill

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Rock crevices determine woody and herbaceous plant cover in the karst critical zone

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第11期62卷 1756-1763页

作者： Hongyan LIU Zihan JIANG Jingyu DAI Xiuchen WU Jian PENG Hongya WANG Jeroen MEERSMANS Sophie M.GREEN timothy a.quine College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Faculty of Geographical Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute School of WaterEnergy and EnvironmentCranfield UniversityCranfield MK43 OALUnited Kingdom Geography CLESUniversity of ExeterExeter EX44SBUnited Kingdom

The study of the critical zones(CZs) of the Earth link the composition and function of aboveground vegetation with the characteristics of the rock layers, providing a new way to study how the unique rock and soil conditions in karst regions affect the aboveground vegetation. Based on survey results of the rocks, soils and vegetation in the dolomite and limestone distribution areas in the karst area of central Guizhou, it was found that woody plant cover increases linearly with the number of cracks with a width of more than 1 mm, while the cover of herbaceous plants shows the opposite trend(p<0.01). The dolomite distribution area is characterized by undeveloped crevices, and the thickness of the soil layer is generally less than 20 cm, which is suitable for the distribution of herbaceous plants with shallow roots. Due to the development of crevices in the limestone distribution area, the soil is deeply distributed through the crevices for the deep roots of trees, which leads to a diversified species composition and a complicated structure in the aboveground vegetation. Based on moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) remote sensing data from 2001 to 2010, the normalized differentiated vegetation index(NDVI) and annual net primary productivity(NPP) results for each phase of a 16-day interval further indicate that the NDVI of the limestone distribution area is significantly higher than that in the dolomite distribution area, but the average annual NPP is the opposite. The results of this paper indicate that in karst CZs, the lithology determines the structure and distribution of the soil, which further determines the cover of woody and herbaceous plants in the aboveground vegetation. Although the amount of soil in the limestone area may be less than that in the dolomite area, the developed crevice structure is more suitable for the growth of trees with deep roots, and the vegetation activity is strong. At present, the treatment of rocky desertification in

关键词： Vegetation composition Vegetation productivity Dolomite Limestone Karst critical zone

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Ecosystem service delivery in Karst landscapes： anthropogenic perturbation and recovery

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第3期36卷 416-420页

作者： timothy quine Dali Guo Sophie M.Green Chenglong Tu Iain Hartley Xinyu Zhang Jennifer Dungait Xuefa Wen Zhaoliang Song Hongyan Liu Heather Buss timothy Barrows Richard Evershed Penny Johnes Jeroen Meersmans Geography College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Exeter Rennes Drive Exeter EX4 4RJ UK Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550081 Guizhou Province People's Republic of China Rothamsted Research - North Wyke Okehampton Devon EX20 2SB UK Institute of the Surface-Earth System Science Research Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China School of Earth Sciences Wills Memorial Building Queens Road Clifton BS8 1RJ UK School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Clifton Bristol BS8 1TS UK School of Geographical Sciences University of BristolUniversity Road Clifton Bristol BS8 1SS UK Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute Cranfield UniversityCranfield Bedfordshire MK43 0AL UK

Covering extensive parts of China, Karst landscapes are exceptional because rapid and intensive land use change has caused severe ecosystem degradation within only the last 50 years. The twentieth century intensification in food production through agriculture has led to a rapid deterioration of soil quality, evidenced in reduced crop production and rapid loss of soil. In many areas, a tipping point appears to have been passed as basement rock is exposed and 'rocky desertification' dominates. Through the establishment of the "Soil processes and ecological services in the karst critical zone of SW China"(SPECTRA)Critical Zone Observatory(CZO) we will endevaour to understand the fundmental processes involved in soil production and erosion, and investigate the integrated geophysical-geochemical-ecological responses of the CZ to perturbations. The CZ spans a gradient from undisturbed natural vegetation through human perturbed *** seek to understand the importance of heterogeneity insurface and below-ground morphology and flow pathways in determining the spatial distribution of key stocks(soil,C, vegetation, etc.) and their control on ecosystem service delivery. We will assess the extent to which the highly heterogeneous critical zone resources can be restored to enable sustainable delivery of ecosystem services. This paper presents the CZO design and initial assessment of soil and soil organic carbon stocks and evidence for their stability based on caesium-137(^(137) Cs) data.

关键词： Soil degradation Ecosystem services Caesium-137 Karst,China

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Estimation of Soil Carbon Input in France: An Inverse Modelling Approach

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Pedosphere 2013年第4期23卷 422-436页

作者： J.MEERSMANS M.P.MARTIN E.LACARCE T.G.ORTON S.DE BAETS M.GOURRAT N.P.A.SABY J.WETTERLIND A.BISPO T.a.quine D.ARROUAYS French National Institute for Agriculture Research (INRA) Earth and Life Institute (ELI) Universit Catholique de Louvain College of Life and Environmental Sciences (CLES) Department of Geography University of Exeter Agriculture and Forestry Department French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME)

Development of a quantitative understanding of soil organic carbon （SOC） dynamics is vital for management of soil to sequester carbon （C） and maintain fertility, thereby contributing to food security and climate change mitigation. There are well-established process-based models that can be used to simulate SOC stock evolution; however, there are few plant residue C input values and those that exist represent a limited range of environments. This limitation in a fundamental model component （i.e., C input） constrains the reliability of current SOC stock simulations. This study aimed to estimate crop-specific and environment-specific plant-derived soil C input values for agricultural sites in France based on data from 700 sites selected from a recently established French soil monitoring network （the RMQS database）. Measured SOC stock values from this large scale soil database were used to constrain an inverse RothC modelling approach to derive estimated C input values consistent with the stocks. This approach allowed us to estimate significant crop-specific C input values （P 〈 0.05） for 14 out of 17 crop types in the range from 1.84 =h 0.69 t C ha-1 year-1 （silage corn） to 5.15 =k 0.12 t C ha-1 year-1 （grassland/pasture）. Furthermore, the incorporation of climate variables improved the predictions. C input of 4 crop types could be predicted as a function of temperature and 8 as a function of precipitation. This study offered an approach to meet the urgent need for crop-specific and environment-specific C input values in order to improve the reliability of SOC stock prediction.

关键词： climate crop types RothC soil organic carbon yield

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犁耕作用对^(137)Cs法测算农耕地土壤侵蚀量的影响

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科学通报 1993年第22期38卷 2072-2076页

作者：张信宝李少龙 T.a.quine D.E.Walling 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所成都610041 Department of Geography Exter UniversityUK

原子弹爆炸产生的放射性尘埃^(137)Cs 降到地表后,被地表土壤的胶体颗粒牢固的吸附,^(137)Cs以后的运动主要取决土壤颗粒的物理运动.1954—1965年是核尘埃的主要产出期,其中以1963—1964年浓度最大,1970年以后,核尘埃的产出量极微.^(137... 详细信息

原子弹爆炸产生的放射性尘埃^(137)Cs 降到地表后,被地表土壤的胶体颗粒牢固的吸附,^(137)Cs以后的运动主要取决土壤颗粒的物理运动.1954—1965年是核尘埃的主要产出期,其中以1963—1964年浓度最大,1970年以后,核尘埃的产出量极微.^(137)Cs 的半衰期为30.1a,是研究土壤侵蚀、泥沙运移的一种较好的人工同位素.

关键词：犁耕土壤侵蚀量耕地铯137

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A Method to Reduce the Lehmer Measure in a Multi-Term Machin-Like Formula for π

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第8期12卷 1477-1493页

作者： Sanjar M. Abrarov Rehan Siddiqui Rajinder K. Jagpal Brendan M. quine Epic College of Technology Mississauga Canada York University Toronto Canada

Previously we have proposed a new method of transforming quotients into integer reciprocals in the Machin-like formulas for π. As a further development, here we show how to generate a multi-term Machin-like formula f... 详细信息

关键词： Constant Pi Machin-Like Formula Lehmer’s Measure

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Efficient Application of the Radiance Enhancement Method for Detection of the Forest Fires Due to Combustion-Originated Reflectance

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第10期12卷 717-733页

作者： Rehan Siddiqui Rajinder K. Jagpal Sanjar M. Abrarov Brendan M. quine Epic College of Technology Mississauga Canada Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering York University Toronto Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy York University Toronto Canada Thoth Technology Inc. Algonquin Radio Observatory Pembroke Ontario Canada

The existing methods for detection of the cloud scenes are applied at relatively small spectral range within shortwave upwelling radiative wavelength flux. We have reported a new method for detection of the cloud scenes based on the Radiance Enhancement (RE). This method can be used to cover a significantly wider spectral range from 1100 nm to 1700 nm by using datasets from the space-orbiting micro-spectrometer Argus 1000. Due to high sunlight reflection of the smoke originated from the forest or field fires the proposed RE method can also be implemented for detection of combustion aerosols. This approach can be a promising technique for efficient detection and continuous monitor of the seasonal forest and field fires. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report showing how a cloud method can be generalized for efficient detection of the forest fires due to combustion-originated reflectance.

关键词： Radiance Enhancement Clouds Forest Fire Radiative Transfer Model Line-By-Line Calculation Micro-Spectrometer

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A Rational Approximation of the Fourier Transform by Integration with Exponential Decay Multiplier

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Applied Mathematics 2021年第11期12卷 947-962页

作者： Sanjar M. Abrarov Rehan Siddiqui Rajinder K. Jagpal Brendan M. quine Thoth Technology Inc. Algonquin Radio Observatory Pembroke ON Canada Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering York University Toronto Canada Epic College of Technology Mississauga Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy York University Toronto Canada

Recently we have reported a new method of rational approximation of the sinc function obtained by sampling and the Fourier transforms. However, this method requires a trigonometric multiplier that originates from the shifting property of the Fourier transform. In this work, we show how to represent the Fourier transform of a function f(t) in form of a ratio of two polynomials without any trigonometric multiplier. A MATLAB code showing algorithmic implementation of the proposed method for rational approximation of the Fourier transform is presented.

关键词： Rational Approximation Fourier Transform Sampling Sinc Function

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Effect of the Instrument Slit Function on Upwelling Radiance from a Wavelength Dependent Surface Reflectance

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Natural Science 2022年第3期14卷 133-147页

作者： Rajinder K. Jagpal Rehan Siddiqui Sanjar M. Abrarov Brendan M. quine Epic College of Technology Mississauga Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy York University Toronto Canada Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering York University Toronto Canada Thoth Technology Inc. Algonquin Radio Observatory Pembroke Canada

The Radiance Enhancement (RE) method was introduced for efficient detection of clouds from the space. Recently, we have also reported that due to high reflectance of combustion-originated smokes, this approach can also be generalized for detection of the forest fires by retrieving and analyzing datasets collected from a space orbiting micro-spectrometer operating in the near infrared spectral range. In our previous publication, we have performed a comparison of observed and synthetic radiance spectra by developing a method for computation of surface reflectance consisting of different canopies by weighted sum based on their areal coverage. However, this approach should be justified by a method based on corresponding proportions of the upwelling radiance. The results of computations we performed in this study reveal a good match between areal coverage of canopies and the corresponding proportions of the upwelling radiance due to effect of the instrument slit function.

关键词： Radiance Enhancement Upwelling Radiance Line-by-Line Computation Radiative Transfer Model

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