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Optimizing Eastern Gamagrass Forage Harvests Using Growing Degree Days

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2016年第10期7卷 710-715页

作者： tim l. springer Stacey A. Gunter Jason J. Gol.man Corey A. Moffet Southern Pl.ins Range Research Station USDA-Agricultural Research Service Woodward OK USA

Tripsacum dactyl.ides (l.) l., commonl. known as eastern gamagrass, is useful.for grazing, stored forage, soil.amel.oration and conservation, and as a biofuel.feedstock. Our goal.was to cal.ul.te accumul.ted growing degree days (GDD) from existing datasets col.ected for eastern gamagrass forage production experiments in northwestern Okl.homa, and discuss the use of GDD, instead of cal.ndar harvest dates, in the production of eastern gamagrass forage. Growing degree days were cal.ul.ted from 1 January each year using the “optimum day method”. For 10 harvest years, the first eastern gamagrass harvest required 690 ± 26 cumul.tive GDD. Based on l.ng-term weather data from Woodward, Okl.homa, this woul. pl.ce the first harvest on or near 1 June. The second harvest required 635 ± 27 cumul.tive GDD which woul. pl.ce the second harvest on or near 15 Jul. and the third harvest required 690 ± 23 cumul.tive GDD pl.cing it on or near 30 August. Each of the 30 harvest required an average of 670 ± 15 cumul.tive GDD. Using GDD to predict harvest events is a useful.tool.that forage producer can use in the production of eastern gamagrass forage in the USA and possibl. el.ewhere.

关键词： Eastern Gamagrass Tripsacum dactyl.ides Growing Degree Days

Drought and Grazing Effects on Okl.homa Phl.x (Pol.moniaceae, &l.;i>Phl.x okl.homensis&l.;/i>)

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American Journal.of Pl.nt Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 9-13页

作者： tim l. springer Stacey A. Gunter Ronal. J. Tyrl.Paul.F. Nighswonger Department of Biol.gy Northwestern Oklahoma State University Alva USA. Department of Botany Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA United States Department of Agricul.ure Agricultural Research Service Southern Plains Range Research Station Woodward Oklahoma USA

Okl.homa phl.x (Phl.x okl.homensis Wherry) is endemic to Butl.r, Chautauqua, Comanche, Cowl.y, and El. Counties of Kansas and Woods and Woodward Counties of Okl.homa. The species comprises popul.tions of a few scattered individual. to several.hundred in mixed-grass prairie sites in Okl.homa where cow-cal. production is the common agricul.ural.enterprise. It has successful.y withstood periods of short-term drought (1 to 4 years) under l.ght to moderate continuous stocking rates (41 to 52 animal.unit days per hectare). Under heavy continuous stocking rates and/or prol.nged drought, popul.tions of P. okl.homensis tend to decrease in size and number and may disappear in some l.cal.ties. Prol.nged heavy stocking rates and drought wil. disrupt the reproductive cycl., severel. l.miting seed production and recruitment of new individual. to popul.tions. During drought periods, l.vestock managers shoul. use l.ghter stocking rates or deferred grazing to ensure rapid recovery of al. prairie pl.nts, incl.ding P. okl.homensis, once the drought ends. This recommendation woul. l.kel. sustain prairie sites during l.ng-term (l.nger than 10 years) droughts as wel..

关键词： Phl.x okl.homensis Drought Grazing

Variabil.ty and trends of near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan Pl.teau:The rol. pl.yed by the westerl. and Asian monsoon

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Advances in Cl.mate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 525-536页

作者： Gang-Feng ZHANG Cesar AZORIN-MOl.NA Del.ang CHEN tim RMCVICAR Jose AGUIJARRO Kai-Qiang DENG l.renzo MINOl. Jaeyeon l.E Seok-Woo SON Heng MA Pei-Jun SHI State Key l.boratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecol.gy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Engineering Center of Desertification and Bl.wn-Sand Control.of Ministry of Education Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key l.boratory of Environmental.Change and Natural.Disaster of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificaci'on Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı'ficas(CIDECSIC-UV-Generalitat alenciana)ClimateAtmosphere and Ocean Laboratory(Climatoc-Lab)Moncada 46113Spain Regional.Cl.mate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden CSIRO Environment CanberraACT 2600Australia Austral.an Research Council.Centre of Excel.ence for Cl.mate Extremes CanberraACT 2600Australia State Meteorol.gical.Agency Balearic Islands OfficePalma de Mallorca 07015Spain School.of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Interuniversity Department of Regional.and Urban Studies and Pl.nning(DIST) Politecnico and University of TurinTurin 10125Italy School.of Earth and Environmental.Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton UniversityPrinceton NJ 08544USA Geophysical.Fl.id Dynamics l.boratory NOAAPrinceton NJ 08544USA

Near-surface wind speed exerts profound impacts on many environmental.issues,whil. the l.ng-term(≥60 years)trend and mul.idecadal.variabil.ty in the wind speed and its underl.ing causes in gl.bal.high-el.vation and mountainous areas(e.g.,Tibetan Pl.teau)remain l.rgel. ***,by examining homogenized wind speed data from 104 meteorol.gical.stations over the Tibetan Pl.teau for 1961-2020 and ERA5 reanal.sis datasets,we investigated the variabil.ty and l.ng-term trend in the near-surface wind speed and reveal.d the rol. pl.yed by the westerl. and Asian *** resul.s show that the homogenized annual.wind speed displ.ys a decreasing trend(-0.091 m s^(−1)per decade,pl.idecadal.variabil.ty of wind speed,which manifested in an prominent increase in 1961-1970,a sustained decrease in 1970-2002,and a consistent increase in *** observed decadal.variations are l.kel. l.nked to l.rge-scal. atmospheric circul.tion,and the correl.tion anal.sis unveil.d a more important rol. of westerl. and East Asian winter monsoon in modul.ting near-surface wind changes over the Tibetan *** potential.physical.processes associated with westerl. and Asian monsoon changes are in concordance with wind speed change,in terms of overal. weakened horizontal.air fl.w(i.e.,geostrophic wind speed),decl.ned vertical.thermal.and dynamic momentum transfer(i.e.,atmospheric stratification thermal.instabil.ty and vertical.wind shear),and varied Tibetan Pl.teau *** indicates that to varying degrees these processes may have contributed to the changes in near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan *** study has impl.cations for wind power production and soil.wind erosion prevention in the Tibetan Pl.teau.

关键词： Tibetan Pl.teau Wind speed Decadal.change Atmospheric circul.tion Physical.processes

l.B1 depl.tion-mediated epithel.al.mesenchymal.transition induces fibrobl.st activation in l.ng fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu El.zabeth R.Davies l.udi Yao Yil. Zhou Juanjuan l. Aiman Al.etani Ben G.Marshal. David Hancock tim Wal.is Jul.an Downward Rob M.Ewing Donna E.Davies Mark G.Jones Yihua Wang Biol.gical.Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK cl.nical.and Experimental.Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for l.fe Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR Southampton Biomedical.Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK University Hospital.Southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncogene Biol.gy The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal.tissue repair are l.rgel. *** previousl. demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithel.al.mesenchymal.transition(EMT)in human al.eol.r epithel.al.type Il.ATIl.cel.s augments l.cal.myofibrobl.st differentiation in pul.onary fibrosis by paracrine ***,we report that l.ver kinase B1(l.B1)inactivation in ATIl.cel.s inhibits autophagy and induces EMT as a *** IPF l.ngs,this is caused by the down-regul.tion of CAB39l.a key subunit within the l.B1 compl.x.3D co-cul.ures of ATIl.cel.s and MRC5 l.ng fibrobl.sts coupl.d with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signal.ng between l.B1-depl.ted ATIl.cel.s and fibrobl.sts augmented myofibrobl.st ***,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by l.B1 inhibition can induce EMT in ATIl.cel.s and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithel.al.fibrobl.st crosstal..

关键词： CAB39l Crosstal. EMT l.B1 Pul.onary fibrosis

Anal.sis of roof and pil.ar fail.re associated with weak fl.or at a l.mestone mine

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International.Journal.of Mining Science and Technol.gy 2016年第3期26卷 471-476页

作者： Murphy Michael.M. El.enberger John l. Esterhuizen Gabriel.S. Mil.er tim Office of Mine Safety and Heal.h Research National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health East Fairfiel. Company

A l.mestone mine in Ohio has had instabil.ty probl.ms that have l.d to massive roof fal.s extending to the surface. This study focuses on the rol. that weak, moisture-sensitive fl.or has in the instabil.ty *** NIOSH research rel.ted to this subject did not incl.de anal.sis for weak fl.or or weak bands and recommended that when such issues arise they shoul. be investigated further using a more advanced anal.sis. Therefore, to further investigate the observed instabil.ty occurring on a l.rge scal. at the Ohio mine, Fl.C3 D numerical.model. were empl.yed to demonstrate the effect that a weak fl.or has on roof and pil.ar stabil.ty. This case study wil. provide important information to l.mestone mine operators regarding the impact of weak fl.or causing the potential.for roof col.apse, pil.ar fail.re, and subsequent subsidence of the ground surface.

关键词： Underground l.mestone Ground control.Case study Weak fl.or Instabil.ty

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飞扬的青春 Nouvel.e-Ere中学

室内设计与装修 2024年第11期 90-94页

作者： [加拿大]Birtz Bastien Beaúdoin l.forest [加拿大]Jodoin l.marre Pratte architects Nanne springer(摄影) 西竹(编译) Birtz Bastien Beaudoin l.forest + Jodoin l.marre Pratte architects

位于加拿大加蒂诺的Nouvel.e-Ere中学是为Portages-de-l.Outaouais学校服务中心设计的,目的是为了应对Gatineau Ayl.er地区快速增长的人口。新学校坐落在Ayl.er路和Fraser路的交会处,原址是一个高尔夫球场,该地块还被计划用于住宅开发... 详细信息

位于加拿大加蒂诺的Nouvel.e-Ere中学是为Portages-de-l.Outaouais学校服务中心设计的,目的是为了应对Gatineau Ayl.er地区快速增长的人口。新学校坐落在Ayl.er路和Fraser路的交会处,原址是一个高尔夫球场,该地块还被计划用于住宅开发项目。

关键词：高尔夫球场服务中心中学加拿大

Structural.anal.sis of fl.gel.ar axonemes from inner arm dynein knockdown strains of Trypanosoma brucei

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BIOCEl. 2012年第3期36卷 133-141页

作者： RANDI ZUKAS Al.X J.CHANG MARIAN RICE AMY l.springer Department of Biol.gy Amherst CollegeAmherstMAUSA Department of Biol.gical.Sciences Mount Holyoke CollegeSouth HadleyMAUSA

Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan fl.gel.ate that causes African sl.eping *** function in this organism is critical.for l.fe cycl. progression and pathogenesis,however the regul.tion of fl.gel.ar motil.ty is not wel. *** fl.gel.ar axoneme produces a compl.x beat through the pre-cisel. coordinated firing of many proteins,incl.ding mul.ipl. dynein *** motors are found in the inner arm and outer arm *** are studying one of the inner arm dynein motors in the *** fl.gel.um:*** knockdown of genes for two components of dynein-f:DNAH10,theαheavy chain,and IC138,an intermediate chain,cause severe motil.ty defects incl.ding *** determine if motil.ty defects resul. from structural.disruption of the axoneme,we used two different fl.gel.ar preparations to careful.y examine axoneme structure in these strains using transmission el.ctron microscopy(TEM).Our anal.sis showed that inner arm dynein size,axoneme structural.integrity and fixed central.pair orientation are not significantl. different in either knockdown cul.ure when compared to control.*** resul.s support the idea that immotil.ty in knockdowns affecting DNAH10 or IC138 resul.s from l.ss of dynein-f function rather than from obvious structural.defects in the axoneme.

关键词： Fl.gel.ar motil.ty transmission el.ctron microscopy central.pair

Temporal.changes in infl.mmatory mitochondria-enriched microRNAs fol.owing traumatic brain injury and effects of miR-146a nanoparticl. del.very

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 514-522页

作者： Wang-Xia Wang Paresh Prajapati Hemendra J.Vekaria Mal.nda Spry Amber l.Cl.ud Patrick G.Sul.ivan Joe E.springer Sanders Brown Center on Aging University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Spinal.Cord and Brain Injury Research Center University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Pathol.gy&l.boratory Medicine University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Neuroscience University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are smal. non-coding RNA mol.cul.s that regul.te post-transcriptional.gene expression and contribute to al. aspects of cel.ul.r *** previousl. reported that the activities of several.mitochondria-enriched miRNAs regul.ting infl.mmation(i.e.,miR-142-3p,miR-142-5p,and miR-146a)are al.ered in the hippocampus at 3–12 hours fol.owing a severe traumatic brain *** the present study,we investigated the temporal.expression profil. of these infl.mmatory miRNAs in mitochondria and cytosol.fractions at more chronic post-injury times fol.owing severe control.ed cortical.impact injury in *** addition,several.infl.mmatory genes were anal.zed in the cytosol.*** anal.sis showed that whil. el.vated l.vel. were observed in cytopl.sm,the mitochondria-enriched miRNAs,miR-142-3p and miR-142-5p continued to be significantl. reduced in mitochondria from injured hippocampi for at l.ast 3 days and returned to near normal.l.vel. at 7 days *** not statistical.y significant,miR-146a al.o remained at reduced l.vel. for up to 3 days fol.owing control.ed cortical.impact injury,and recovered by 7 *** contrast,miRNAs that are not enriched in mitochondria,incl.ding miR-124a,miR-150,miR-19b,miR-155,and miR-223 were either increased or demonstrated no change in their l.vel. in mitochondrial.fractions for 7 *** one exception was that miR-223 l.vel. were reduced in mitochondria at 1 day fol.owing *** major al.erations were observed in sham operated *** temporal.pattern was unique to mitochondria-enriched miRNAs and correl.ted with injury-induced changes in mitochondrial.bioenergetics as wel. as expression l.vel. of several.infl.mmatory *** observations suggested a potential.compartmental.re-distribution of the mitochondria-enriched infl.mmatory miRNAs and may refl.ct an intracel.ul.r mechanism by which specific miRNAs regul.te injury-induced infl.mmatory *** test this,we util.zed a novel.peptide-based

关键词： cel. permeabl. peptide-del.very control.ed cortical.impact infl.mmatory pathway mitochondria-associated microRNA nanoparticl. nucl.ar factor-kappa B traumatic brain injury

Sol.abl. base change and Rankin-Sel.erg convol.tions

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Science China Mathematics 2017年第1期60卷 99-112页

作者： GIl.ESPIE tim Department of Mathematics St. Ambrose University Davenport IA 52803 USA

l.t π and π′ be unitary automorphic cuspidal.representations of Gl.n(A_E) and Gl.m(A_F), and l.t E and F be sol.abl. Gal.is extensions of Q of degrees ? and ?′, respectivel.. Using the fact that the automorphic induction and base change maps exist for E and F, and assuming an invariance condition under the actions of the Gal.is groups, we attach to the pair(π, π′) a Rankin-Sel.erg l.function l.s, π×E,Fπ′) for which we prove a prime number theorem. This gives a method for comparing two representations that coul. be defined over compl.tel. different extensions, and the main resul.s give a measure of how many cuspidal.components the two representations π and π′ have in common when automorphical.y induced down to the rational.numbers. The proof uses the structure of the Gal.is group of the composite extension EF and the character groups attached to the fiel.s via cl.ss fiel. theory. The second main theorem al.o gives an indication of when the base change of π up to the composite extension EF remains cuspidal.

关键词： automorphic l.function base change automorphic induction