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A special MJO Event with a Double Kelvin Wave structure

Journal of Meteorological Research 2017年第2期31卷 295-308页

作者： Lili ZHU tim LI Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science &Technology International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa

The second Madden–Julian Oscillation（MJO）event during the field campaign of the Dynamics of the MJO/Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in the Year 2011（DYNAMO/CINDY2011）exhibi ted an unusual double rainband *** a wavenumber-frequency spectral filtering method,we unveil that this double rainband structure arises primarily from the Kelvin wave *** zonal phase speed of the double rainbands is about 7.9 degree per day in the equatorial Indian Ocean,being in the range of convectively coupled Kelvin wave phase *** convection and circulation anomalies associated with the Kelvin wave component are characterized by two anomalous convective cells,with low-level westerly（easterly）and high（low）pressure anomalies to the west（east）of the convective centers,and opposite wind and pressure anomalies in the upper *** a zonal wind–pressure phase relationship is consistent with the equatorial free-wave *** the freeatmospheric circulation was dominated by the first baroclinic mode vertical structure,moisture and vertical motion in the boundary layer led the *** convection and circulation structures derived based on the conventional MJO filter show a different *** example,the phase speed is slower（about 5.9 degree per day）,and there were no double convective *** suggests that MJO generally involves multi-scales and it is incomplete to extract its signals by using the conventional filtering technique.

关键词： Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO) double Kelvin wave structure Wheeler–Kiladis space–time spectra evolution characteristics

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Heterogeneous particle structure formation during post-crystallization of spray-dried powder

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Particuology 2016年第4期14卷 72-79页

作者： Nima Yazdanpanah tim A.G. Langrish school of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney 2006. NSW. Australia

The formation of heterogeneous particle structure in skim milk powder has been investigated in a post- crystallization facility using experimental and a mathematical model. Various processing conditions were used to produce these heterogeneous structures. The experimental process parameters were used as initial and boundary conditions for the model. The modelled data agreed well with the experimental data. The experimental and modelling results show that the powder processed at high water activity （aw = 0.7） with low initial moisture content （X0 = 0.01 kg/kg） developed a crystalline surface layer while the core of the particle remained amorphous. This structure is referred to as an egg-shell structure. The powder that was processed at low water activity （αw = 0.1） with high initial moisture content （X0 = 0.2 kg/kg） developed a crystalline core while the surface of the particle remained amorphous. This structure is referred to as an egg-yolk structure. Understanding the dependency of particle microstructures on the processing conditions could be useful when developing procedures to control the drying equipment because the particle microstructure affects the physicochemical properties of the powder and potential applications and behaviour of the powder.

关键词： Heterogeneous structure Microstructure modification Post-crystallization Phase change Complex domain matrix

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A Parametric Genetic Algorithm Approach to Assess Complementary Options of Large scale Wind-solar Coupling

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica sinica 2017年第2期4卷 260-272页

作者： tim Mareda Ludovic Gaudard Franco Romerio Institute for Environmental sciences University of Geneva Geneva school of Economics and Management(GsEM) University of Geneva

The transitional path towards a highly renewable power system based on wind and solar energy sources is investigated considering their intermittent and spatially distributed characteristics. Using an extensive weather-driven simulation of hourly power mismatches between generation and load, we explore the interplay between geographical resource complementarity and energy storage strategies. solar and wind resources are considered at variable spatial scales across Europe and related to the swiss load curve, which serve as a typical demand side reference. The optimal spatial distribution of renewable units is further assessed through a parameterized optimization method based on a genetic algorithm. It allows us to explore systematically the effective potential of combined integration strategies depending on the sizing of the system, with a focus on how overall performance is affected by the definition of network boundaries. Upper bounds on integration schemes are provided considering both renewable penetration and needed reserve power capacity. The quantitative trade-off between grid extension, storage and optimal wind-solar mix is *** paper also brings insights on how optimal geographical distribution of renewable units evolves as a function of renewable penetration and grid extent.

关键词： Energy optimization grid integration genetic algorithm optimal spatial distribution power system modeling

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CFD modeling of dynamic airflow and particle transmission in an aircraft lavatory

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建筑模拟(英文) 2023年第8期16卷 1375-1390页

作者： Pin Li Wei Liu Tengfei(tim)Zhang Tianjin Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjinChina school of Civil Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalianChina Division of sustainable Buildings Department of Civil and Architectural EngineeringKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyBrinellvägen 23Stockholm10044Sweden

Lavatories are frequently used facilities,especially on long-haul *** a vacuum toilet in a lavatory can induce strong airflow,produce aerosols in the toilet bowl,and resuspend deposited particles from the ***,the exact particle transport routes and the fates of particle after toilet flushing are unclear so *** investigation used computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to model the transient airflow and pollutant transport after a toilet flushing process in a lavatory of a commercial *** time-varying pressure profile measured in a laboratory was assigned to the drainage valve as boundary *** aerosols generated inside the toilet bowl during flushing and the particles resuspended from the lavatory floor were used as particle *** tracking of airborne particles in the lavatory was *** addition,ammonia gas was used to examine odor *** multi-physics software program COMsOL 5.4 was employed for numerical solution after being *** results revealed that more than 70%of the generated particles in the toilet bowl are drained into sewage.A few particles may leak out of the toilet bowl and remain suspended in the air for more than five minutes when the toilet lid is open during *** the toilet with a closed lid can effectively reduce the particle leakage and the spread of odor gas,but it leads to greater deposition of particles on both the lid and *** is a slight inhalation exposure risk in the initial three minutes after flushing with a closed lid.

关键词： lavatory vacuum toilet flushing particle odor gas CFD

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大师镜头里的鸟类世界蒂姆·拉曼对话奚志农

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人与自然 2024年第4期 76-93页

作者：蒂姆·拉曼奚志农不详

鸟类栖息在地球上的每个大陆和主要岛屿,而对鸟类学家和摄影师蒂姆·拉曼来说,记录这些壮观的生物是他毕生的追求。在野生动物摄影这一艺术殿堂中,拉曼如同神秘的探险家,深入地球的未知之域,他的镜头不仅捕捉到了大自然的精彩瞬间。

关键词：拉曼精彩瞬间艺术殿堂鸟类镜头摄影师探险家地球

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Analysis of roof and pillar failure associated with weak floor at a limestone mine

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International Journal of Mining science and Technology 2016年第3期26卷 471-476页

作者： Murphy Michael M. Ellenberger John L. Esterhuizen Gabriel s. Miller tim Office of Mine safety and Health Research National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health East Fairfield Company

A limestone mine in Ohio has had instability problems that have led to massive roof falls extending to the surface. This study focuses on the role that weak, moisture-sensitive floor has in the instability *** NIOsH research related to this subject did not include analysis for weak floor or weak bands and recommended that when such issues arise they should be investigated further using a more advanced analysis. Therefore, to further investigate the observed instability occurring on a large scale at the Ohio mine, FLAC3 D numerical models were employed to demonstrate the effect that a weak floor has on roof and pillar stability. This case study will provide important information to limestone mine operators regarding the impact of weak floor causing the potential for roof collapse, pillar failure, and subsequent subsidence of the ground surface.

关键词： Underground limestone Ground control Case study Weak floor Instability

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Identification of Characteristic Values in Impulse-Based Processes Using small specimens

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第3期5卷 310-323页

作者： Tobias Valentino tim Radel BIAs-Bremer Institut Fur Angewandte strahltechnik GmbH Klagenfurter StraBe 528359 BremenGermany

suitable approaches are needed for rapid and cost-efficient materials ***-throughput experimentation reduces the identification time of suitable material *** approach is to use small specimen geometries to save additional production ***,research is continuously being conducted on a new hardness test based on laser-induced shock *** far,characteristic values from the induced indentations have been extracted,which correlate with hardness and tensile ***,the indentation result varies in dependence of the specimen size and *** condition hinders the correlation between characteristic values and material ***,the goal was to induce similar indentation results to minimum specimen ***,different mounting materials and methods were *** created indentations were compared with those induced in large *** mounting parameters were derived from the ***,small specimens can be used for material characterization by considering these mounting parameters.

关键词： Mounting stiffness Coefficient of restitution Forming efficiency Measuring instrument TEA-CO_(2)laser

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PD-1^(+)and tim-3^(+)T cells widely express commonγ-chain cytokine receptors in multiple myeloma patients,and IL-2,IL-7,IL-15 stimulation up-regulates PD-1 and tim-3 on T cells

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Oncology Research 2024年第10期32卷 1575-1587页

作者： EGOR V.BATOROV ALIsA D.INEsHINA TATIANA A.ARIsTOVA VERA V.DENIsOVA sVETLANA A.sIZIKOVA DARIA s.BATOROVA GALINA Y.UsHAKOVA EKATERINA Y.sHEVELA ELENA R.CHERNYKH Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologyNovosibirsk630099Russia V.Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology Novosibirsk National Research State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologyNovosibirsk630099Russia

Background:Immune checkpoint ligand-receptor interactions appear to be associated with multiple myeloma(MM)***,previous studies showed the possibility of PD-1 and tim-3 expression on T cells upon stimulation with commonγ-chain family cytokines in vitro and during homeostatic *** aim of the present work was to study the impact of homeostatic proliferation on the expansion of certain T cell subsets upregulating PD-1 and tim-3 checkpoint ***:The expression of CD25,CD122,CD127 commonγ-chain cytokine receptors,phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-5(psTAT5)and eomesodermin(EOMEs)was comparatively assessed with flow cytometry in PD-1-and tim-3-negative and positive T cells before the conditioning and during the first post-transplant month in peripheral blood samples of MM ***:substantial proportions of PD-1-and tim-3-positive T lymphocytes expressed commonγ-chain cytokine receptors and *** of cytokine receptor expressing cells were significantly higher within tim-3+T cells compared to PD-1+tim-3−*** proportions of both PD-1-/tim-3-negative and positive CD8+T cells express EOMEs,while only moderate frequencies of CD4+PD-1+/tim-3+T cells up-regulate this transcription ***,the surface presence of CD25 and intranuclear expression of EOMEs in CD4+T cells were mutually exclusive regardless of PD-1 and tim-3 *** stimulation with commonγ-chain cytokines up-regulates PD-1 and tim-3 during the proliferation of initially PD-1/tim-3-negative T cells but fails to expand initially PD-1+and tim-3+T cell subsets in ***:Both PD-1 and tim-3 expressing T cells appear to be able to respond to homeostatic cytokine *** in commonγ-chain cytokine receptor expression between PD-1+and tim-3+T cells may reflect functional dissimilarity of these cell *** blockade appears to alleviate lymphopenia-induced prolif

关键词： Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(AHsCT) CD25 CD122 Eomesodermin(EOMEs) Homeostatic proliferation

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Antimicrobial usage and resistance in beef production

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 249-270页

作者： Andrew Cameron tim A.McAllister Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada LethbridgeABCanada

Antimicrobials are critical to contemporary high-intensity beef production. Many different antimicrobials are approved for beef cattle, and are used judiciously for animal welfare, and controversially, to promote growth and feed efficiency. Antimicrobial administration provides a powerful selective pressure that acts on the microbial community, selecting for resistance gene determinants and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria resident in the bovine flora. The bovine microbiota includes many harmless bacteria, but also opportunistic pathogens that may acquire and propagate resistance genes within the microbial community via horizontal gene transfer. Antimicrobial-resistant bovine pathogens can also complicate the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in beef feedlots,threatening the efficiency of the beef production system. Likewise, the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes to bovine-associated human pathogens is a potential public health concern. This review outlines current antimicrobial use practices pertaining to beef production, and explores the frequency of antimicrobial resistance in major bovine pathogens. The effect of antimicrobials on the composition of the bovine microbiota is examined, as are the effects on the beef production resistome. Antimicrobial resistance is further explored within the context of the wider beef production continuum, with emphasis on antimicrobial resistance genes in the food chain, and risk to the human population.

关键词： Antibiotics Antimicrobial resistance Antimicrobial usage Beef production Bovine pathogens Bovine microbiota Cattle Enteropathogens Fecal bacteria Resistome

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simulations of a Persistent Heat Wave Event in Missouri in summer 2012 Using a High-Resolution WRF Model

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第4期36卷 631-642页

作者： Lili ZHU Fengpeng sUN tim LI Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC–FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Earth and Environmental sciences University of Missouri–Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri 64110USA International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822USA

An extreme and persistent heat wave event hit Missouri in summer *** operational forecast models failed to predict such an event at a long *** objective of the current study is to simulate this extreme event using a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model with eight combined physical(including longwave/shortwave radiation,microphysics,and planetary boundary layer)parameterization *** for one month,the model successfully simulates the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of surface air temperature,compared to in-situ *** interesting feature is an oscillatory development of the surface air temperature,with a pronounced synoptic *** a temperature evolution is consistent with the local zonal wind fluctuation,implying the important role of anomalous temperature *** overall skill score that combines the performance of 2-m air temperature,relative humidity,and precipitation fields is *** result shows that the combination of Thompson,Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs(RRTMG),and Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino level-3(MYNN3)schemes presents the best WRF simulation.A further analysis of this best simulation shows that the model successfully reproduces the urban heat island(UHI)effect in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area with realistic diurnal variation of 2-m air temperature in the urban and nonurban areas with a larger UHI effect at nighttime.

关键词： 2012 Us summer heat wave Missouri model evaluation/performance parameterization

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