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Inter.ational Jour.al of Digital Ear.h 2017年第8期10卷 798-813页

作者： tim Van de Voor.e Depar.ment of Geogr.phy Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium

Cities often have a substantial gr.en infr.str.ctur.,which pr.vides local ecosystem ser.ices that impr.ve the quality of life of ur.an *** ser.ices should be explicitly addr.ssed in ur.an development policies,and ar.as with insufficient vegetation and limited access to public gr.en spaces should be *** paper.pr.sents two spatially explicit ur.an gr.en indicator. that ar. der.ved using r.mote sensing imager.,fr.ely available map data and spatial analysis tools fr.m open sour.e geospatial libr.r.es and commer.ial *** fir.t indicator.r.pr.sents pr.por.ional gr.en cover.public as well as pr.vate)in the vicinity of each building within a *** second indicator.quantifies the pr.ximity of public gr.en spaces as walking distances fr.m buildings to actual par. entr.nces.A dasymetr.c mapping appr.ach was used to take spatial var.ations in population density into *** allows r.pr.senting the indicator. fr.m the per.pective of citizens instead of buildings,which may be mor. meaningful for.der.ving statistics at city level or.at the level of neighbour.oods or.administr.tive *** potential use of these indicator. in a planning context is discussed on a case study car.ied out for.the city of Br.ssels,Belgium.

关键词： Ur.an gr.en ur.an ecosystem ser.ices geogr.phic infor.ation systems vegetation indicator.

The second law of geogr.phy for.a spatially enabled economy

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Digital Ear.h 2017年第10期10卷 979-995页

作者： tim For.sman r.th Luscombe Inter.ational Center.for.r.mote Sensing Education(ICr.ED) ElkridgeMDUSA

Location has pr.ven axiomatic as an economic var.able thr.ughout human ***’s fir.t law of geogr.phy intr.duced the impor.ance of location;in that,near.things ar. mor. r.lated than far.*** an age of digital economies,a new r.sear.h fr.ntier.exists wher. ever.thing is mor. r.lated to ever.thing else and has an incr.ased economic value fr.m spatially enabled *** accessibility of digital-spatial infor.ation has br.ught economic geogr.pher. to a new under.tanding of mar.ets within a Digital Ear.h *** impor.ance of location to economic value can be expected to gr.w as the Inter.et of Things develops in *** business models enter.and disr.pt established mar.ets with innovative spatially enabled appr.aches.A successful penetr.tion of established mar.ets suggests a new business model for.financial and functional utility by engaging spatially enabled *** second law of geogr.phy is intr.duced as a conceptual fr.mewor. to compr.hend the economic potential of spatially enabled infor.ation.A compar.tive analysis of non-spatial ver.us spatial web agents pr.vides a quantitative fr.mewor. to demonstr.te the benefits of the Digital Ear.h economy.

关键词： Spatial data tr.nsacting agents linear.pr.gr.mming economic geogr.phy Inter.et of Things Digital Ear.h economy

人工智能中的“解释”:来自社会科学的洞见(上)

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数字人文研究 2024年第1期4卷 18-41页

作者：蒂姆·米勒张菁(译) 澳大利亚昆士兰大学电气工程与计算机科学学院

随着研究人员和从业者寻求为其算法提供更多透明度,可解释人工智能(Explainable Ar.ificial Intelligence)有一场新近的复苏。这项研究的大部分聚焦于向人类观察者明确地解释决策或行动。观察人类如何相互解释可以作为人工智能解释的一... 详细信息

随着研究人员和从业者寻求为其算法提供更多透明度,可解释人工智能(Explainable Ar.ificial Intelligence)有一场新近的复苏。这项研究的大部分聚焦于向人类观察者明确地解释决策或行动。观察人类如何相互解释可以作为人工智能解释的一个有用起点,这应该没有争议。诚然,公正地说,大多数关于可解释人工智能的工作仅利用研究人员对什么构成“好”解释的直觉。哲学、心理学和认知科学领域存在大量关于人们如何定义、生成、选择、评估和呈现解释的有价值的研究,这些研究认为人们在解释过程中运用了某些认知偏见和社会期望。文章认为,可解释人工智能领域可以建立在这些现有研究的基础上,并回顾了研究这些主题的哲学、认知心理学/科学和社会心理学的相关论文,由此获取了一些重要的发现,并讨论了如何将这些发现融入可解释人工智能的相关工作中。

关键词：解释可解释性可阐释性可解释人工智能透明度

A Special MJO Event with a Double Kelvin Wave Str.ctur.

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Jour.al of Meteor.logical r.sear.h 2017年第2期31卷 295-308页

作者： Lili ZHU tim LI Key Labor.tor. of Meteor.logical Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science &Technology Inter.ational Pacific r.sear.h Center.and Depar.ment of Atmospher.c Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa

The second Madden–Julian Oscillation（MJO）event dur.ng the field campaign of the Dynamics of the MJO/Cooper.tive Indian Ocean Exper.ment on Intr.seasonal Var.ability in the Year.2011（DYNAMO/CINDY2011）exhibi ted an unusual double r.inband *** a wavenumber.fr.quency spectr.l filter.ng method,we unveil that this double r.inband str.ctur. ar.ses pr.mar.ly fr.m the Kelvin wave *** zonal phase speed of the double r.inbands is about 7.9 degr.e per.day in the equator.al Indian Ocean,being in the r.nge of convectively coupled Kelvin wave phase *** convection and cir.ulation anomalies associated with the Kelvin wave component ar. char.cter.zed by two anomalous convective cells,with low-level wester.y（easter.y）and high（low）pr.ssur. anomalies to the west（east）of the convective center.,and opposite wind and pr.ssur. anomalies in the upper.*** a zonal wind–pr.ssur. phase r.lationship is consistent with the equator.al fr.e-wave *** the fr.eatmospher.c cir.ulation was dominated by the fir.t bar.clinic mode ver.ical str.ctur.,moistur. and ver.ical motion in the boundar. layer.led the *** convection and cir.ulation str.ctur.s der.ved based on the conventional MJO filter.show a differ.nt *** example,the phase speed is slower.about 5.9 degr.e per.day）,and ther. wer. no double convective *** suggests that MJO gener.lly involves multi-scales and it is incomplete to extr.ct its signals by using the conventional filter.ng technique.

关键词： Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO) double Kelvin wave str.ctur. Wheeler.Kiladis space–time spectr. evolution char.cter.stics

Heter.geneous par.icle str.ctur. for.ation dur.ng post-cr.stallization of spr.y-dr.ed powder

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Par.icuology 2016年第4期14卷 72-79页

作者： Nima Yazdanpanah tim A.G. Langr.sh School of Chemical & Biomolecular.Engineer.ng The University of Sydney Sydney 2006. NSW. Australia

The for.ation of heter.geneous par.icle str.ctur. in skim milk powder.has been investigated in a post- cr.stallization facility using exper.mental and a mathematical model. Var.ous pr.cessing conditions wer. used to pr.duce these heter.geneous str.ctur.s. The exper.mental pr.cess par.meter. wer. used as initial and boundar. conditions for.the model. The modelled data agr.ed well with the exper.mental data. The exper.mental and modelling r.sults show that the powder.pr.cessed at high water.activity （aw = 0.7） with low initial moistur. content （X0 = 0.01 kg/kg） developed a cr.stalline sur.ace layer.while the cor. of the par.icle r.mained amor.hous. This str.ctur. is r.fer.ed to as an egg-shell str.ctur.. The powder.that was pr.cessed at low water.activity （αw = 0.1） with high initial moistur. content （X0 = 0.2 kg/kg） developed a cr.stalline cor. while the sur.ace of the par.icle r.mained amor.hous. This str.ctur. is r.fer.ed to as an egg-yolk str.ctur.. Under.tanding the dependency of par.icle micr.str.ctur.s on the pr.cessing conditions could be useful when developing pr.cedur.s to contr.l the dr.ing equipment because the par.icle micr.str.ctur. affects the physicochemical pr.per.ies of the powder.and potential applications and behaviour.of the powder.

关键词： Heter.geneous str.ctur. Micr.str.ctur. modification Post-cr.stallization Phase change Complex domain matr.x

A Par.metr.c Genetic Algor.thm Appr.ach to Assess Complementar. Options of Lar.e Scale Wind-solar.Coupling

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IEEE/CAA Jour.al of Automatica Sinica 2017年第2期4卷 260-272页

作者： tim Mar.da Ludovic Gaudar. Fr.nco r.mer.o Institute for.Envir.nmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva School of Economics and Management(GSEM) University of Geneva

The tr.nsitional path towar.s a highly r.newable power.system based on wind and solar.ener.y sour.es is investigated consider.ng their.inter.ittent and spatially distr.buted char.cter.stics. Using an extensive weather.dr.ven simulation of hour.y power.mismatches between gener.tion and load, we explor. the inter.lay between geogr.phical r.sour.e complementar.ty and ener.y stor.ge str.tegies. Solar.and wind r.sour.es ar. consider.d at var.able spatial scales acr.ss Eur.pe and r.lated to the Swiss load cur.e, which ser.e as a typical demand side r.fer.nce. The optimal spatial distr.bution of r.newable units is fur.her.assessed thr.ugh a par.meter.zed optimization method based on a genetic algor.thm. It allows us to explor. systematically the effective potential of combined integr.tion str.tegies depending on the sizing of the system, with a focus on how over.ll per.or.ance is affected by the definition of networ. boundar.es. Upper.bounds on integr.tion schemes ar. pr.vided consider.ng both r.newable penetr.tion and needed r.ser.e power.capacity. The quantitative tr.de-off between gr.d extension, stor.ge and optimal wind-solar.mix is *** paper.also br.ngs insights on how optimal geogr.phical distr.bution of r.newable units evolves as a function of r.newable penetr.tion and gr.d extent.

关键词： Ener.y optimization gr.d integr.tion genetic algor.thm optimal spatial distr.bution power.system modeling

CFD modeling of dynamic air.low and par.icle tr.nsmission in an air.r.ft lavator.

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建筑模拟(英文) 2023年第8期16卷 1375-1390页

作者： Pin Li Wei Liu Tengfei(tim)Zhang Tianjin Labor.tor. of Indoor.Air.Envir.nmental Quality Contr.l School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjinChina School of Civil Engineer.ng Dalian University of TechnologyDalianChina Division of Sustainable Buildings Department of Civil and Architectural EngineeringKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyBrinellvägen 23Stockholm10044Sweden

Lavator.es ar. fr.quently used facilities,especially on long-haul *** a vacuum toilet in a lavator. can induce str.ng air.low,pr.duce aer.sols in the toilet bowl,and r.suspend deposited par.icles fr.m the ***,the exact par.icle tr.nspor. r.utes and the fates of par.icle after.toilet flushing ar. unclear.so *** investigation used computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to model the tr.nsient air.low and pollutant tr.nspor. after.a toilet flushing pr.cess in a lavator. of a commer.ial *** time-var.ing pr.ssur. pr.file measur.d in a labor.tor. was assigned to the dr.inage valve as boundar. *** aer.sols gener.ted inside the toilet bowl dur.ng flushing and the par.icles r.suspended fr.m the lavator. floor.wer. used as par.icle *** tr.cking of air.or.e par.icles in the lavator. was *** addition,ammonia gas was used to examine odor.*** multi-physics softwar. pr.gr.m COMSOL 5.4 was employed for.numer.cal solution after.being *** r.sults r.vealed that mor. than 70%of the gener.ted par.icles in the toilet bowl ar. dr.ined into sewage.A few par.icles may leak out of the toilet bowl and r.main suspended in the air.for.mor. than five minutes when the toilet lid is open dur.ng *** the toilet with a closed lid can effectively r.duce the par.icle leakage and the spr.ad of odor.gas,but it leads to gr.ater.deposition of par.icles on both the lid and *** is a slight inhalation exposur. r.sk in the initial thr.e minutes after.flushing with a closed lid.

关键词： lavator. vacuum toilet flushing par.icle odor.gas CFD

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大师镜头里的鸟类世界蒂姆·拉曼对话奚志农

人与自然 2024年第4期 76-93页

作者：蒂姆·拉曼奚志农不详

鸟类栖息在地球上的每个大陆和主要岛屿,而对鸟类学家和摄影师蒂姆·拉曼来说,记录这些壮观的生物是他毕生的追求。在野生动物摄影这一艺术殿堂中,拉曼如同神秘的探险家,深入地球的未知之域,他的镜头不仅捕捉到了大自然的精彩瞬间。

关键词：拉曼精彩瞬间艺术殿堂鸟类镜头摄影师探险家地球

Identification of Char.cter.stic Values in Impulse-Based Pr.cesses Using Small Specimens

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Nanomanufactur.ng and Metr.logy 2022年第3期5卷 310-323页

作者： Tobias Valentino tim r.del BIAS-Br.mer.Institut Fur.Angewandte Str.hltechnik GmbH Klagenfurter StraBe 528359 BremenGermany

Suitable appr.aches ar. needed for.r.pid and cost-efficient mater.als ***-thr.ughput exper.mentation r.duces the identification time of suitable mater.al *** appr.ach is to use small specimen geometr.es to save additional pr.duction ***,r.sear.h is continuously being conducted on a new har.ness test based on laser.induced shock *** far.char.cter.stic values fr.m the induced indentations have been extr.cted,which cor.elate with har.ness and tensile ***,the indentation r.sult var.es in dependence of the specimen size and *** condition hinder. the cor.elation between char.cter.stic values and mater.al ***,the goal was to induce similar.indentation r.sults to minimum specimen ***,differ.nt mounting mater.als and methods wer. *** cr.ated indentations wer. compar.d with those induced in lar.e *** mounting par.meter. wer. der.ved fr.m the ***,small specimens can be used for.mater.al char.cter.zation by consider.ng these mounting par.meter..

关键词： Mounting Stiffness Coefficient of r.stitution For.ing efficiency Measur.ng instr.ment TEA-CO_(2)laser

Antimicr.bial usage and r.sistance in beef pr.duction

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Jour.al of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 249-270页

作者： Andr.w Camer.n tim A.McAllister Faculty of Veter.nar. Medicine University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Agr.cultur. and Agr.-Food Canada LethbridgeABCanada

Antimicr.bials ar. cr.tical to contempor.r. high-intensity beef pr.duction. Many differ.nt antimicr.bials ar. appr.ved for.beef cattle, and ar. used judiciously for.animal welfar., and contr.ver.ially, to pr.mote gr.wth and feed efficiency. Antimicr.bial administr.tion pr.vides a power.ul selective pr.ssur. that acts on the micr.bial community, selecting for.r.sistance gene deter.inants and antimicr.bial-r.sistant bacter.a r.sident in the bovine flor.. The bovine micr.biota includes many har.less bacter.a, but also oppor.unistic pathogens that may acquir. and pr.pagate r.sistance genes within the micr.bial community via hor.zontal gene tr.nsfer. Antimicr.bial-r.sistant bovine pathogens can also complicate the pr.vention and tr.atment of infectious diseases in beef feedlots,thr.atening the efficiency of the beef pr.duction system. Likewise, the tr.nsmission of antimicr.bial r.sistance genes to bovine-associated human pathogens is a potential public health concer.. This r.view outlines cur.ent antimicr.bial use pr.ctices per.aining to beef pr.duction, and explor.s the fr.quency of antimicr.bial r.sistance in major.bovine pathogens. The effect of antimicr.bials on the composition of the bovine micr.biota is examined, as ar. the effects on the beef pr.duction r.sistome. Antimicr.bial r.sistance is fur.her.explor.d within the context of the wider.beef pr.duction continuum, with emphasis on antimicr.bial r.sistance genes in the food chain, and r.sk to the human population.

关键词： Antibiotics Antimicr.bial r.sistance Antimicr.bial usage Beef pr.duction Bovine pathogens Bovine micr.biota Cattle Enter.pathogens Fecal bacter.a r.sistome