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Nutrient cycling and greenhouse gas emissions from soil amended with biochar-manure mixtures

Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 289-302页

作者： Carlos M.ROMeRO Chunli LI jen OWeNS Gabriel O.RIBeIRO tim A.MCALLISTeR erasmus OKINe Xiying HAO Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeAlberta T1J 4B1(Canada) Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Arts&SciencesUniversity of LethbridgeLethbridgeAlberta T1K 3M4(Canada) Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 5A8(Canada)

Integrating biochar into cattle diets has recently emerged as a potential management practice for improving on-farm ***,information concerning the cycling of biochar-manure mixtures is scarce.A 70-d incubation experiment was conducted within two surface(0–15 cm)Mollisols with contrasting textures,i.e.,sandy clay loam(Raymond)and clayey(Lethbridge),to evaluate the effects of biochar(3 Mg ha^(-1))on cumulative greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and related fertility attributes in the presence or absence of cattle manure(120 Mg ha^(-1)).Five treatments were included:i)non-amended soil(control,CK),ii)soil amended with pinewood biochar(B),iii)soil amended with beef cattle manure(M)(manure from cattle on a control diet),iv)soil amended with biochar-manure(BM)(manure from cattle on a control diet,with pinewood biochar added at 20 g kg^(-1)of diet dry matter),and v)soil amended with B and M at the aforementioned rates(B+M).A total of 40 soil columns were prepared and incubated at 21℃and 60%–80%water-holding *** average,total CO_(2)fluxes increased by 2.2-and 3.8-fold under manure treatments(i.e.,M,BM,and B+M),within Raymond and Lethbridge soils,respectively,relative to CK and ***,total CH4 fluxes were the highest(Per B+M and BM relative to CK and B,and in Lethbridge soil under M and BM relative to CK and *** Lethbridge soil,application of BM increased cumulative N_(2)O emissions by 1.8-fold relative to *** 70-d incubation,amendment with BM increased(Pethbridge soils compared with B.A similar pattern was observed for water-extractable organic carbon in both soils,with BM augmenting(Pe occurrence of labile carbon over CK and *** can be concluded that biochar,manure,and/or biochar-manure have contrasting short-term effects on the biogeochemistry of *** relatively low application rates,biochar does not necessarily counterbalance manure-derived inpu

关键词： animal husbandry black carbon carbon dioxide methane Orthic Black Chernozem soil fertility

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LKB1 depletion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces fibroblast activation in lung fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu elizabeth R.Davies Liudi Yao Yilu Zhou juanjuan Li Aiman Alzetani Ben G.Marshall David Hancock tim Wallis julian Downward Rob M.ewing Donna e.Davies Mark G.jones Yihua Wang Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK clinical and experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for Life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK University Hospital Southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncogene Biology The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely *** previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(eMT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine ***,we report that liver kinase B1(LKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autophagy and induces eMT as a *** IPF lungs,this is caused by the down-regulation of CAB39L,a key subunit within the LKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and MRC5 lung fibroblasts coupled with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signaling between LKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts augmented myofibroblast ***,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by LKB1 inhibition can induce eMT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.

关键词： CAB39L Crosstalk eMT LKB1 Pulmonary fibrosis

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戊型肝炎病毒Ⅳ型全基因序列的分析

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中华微生物学和免疫学杂志 2001年第2期21卷 210-213页

作者：王佑春张华远李河民 tim j Harrison 中国药品生物制品检定所英国皇家免费医院医学院

目的　分析戊型肝炎病毒 (HeV)Ⅳ型的全基因序列以比较与其他基因型的差异。方法　设计PCR引物对全基因进行分片段扩增 ,并对两个末端采用末端快速扩增方法 (RACe)进行扩增 ,对扩增产物进行克隆及测序。结果　HeV T1全序与Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和... 详细信息

目的　分析戊型肝炎病毒 (HeV)Ⅳ型的全基因序列以比较与其他基因型的差异。方法　设计PCR引物对全基因进行分片段扩增 ,并对两个末端采用末端快速扩增方法 (RACe)进行扩增 ,对扩增产物进行克隆及测序。结果　HeV T1全序与Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的核苷酸同源性分别为(74.8～ 75 .5 ) %、74.5 %和 (75 .3～ 76 .3) %。ORF1与已报道的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型氨基酸同源性分别为(85 .0～ 86 .7) %、85 .0 %和 (88.5～ 88.7) % ;ORF2与已报道的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的氨基酸同源性分别为 (91.6～ 92 .4) %、90 .1%和 (91.9～ 93.0 ) % ;ORF3与已报道的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的氨基酸同源性分别为 (75 .9～ 77.8) %、75 .0 %和 (79.6～ 83.3) %。结论　这一研究为今后发展戊型肝炎诊断试剂及戊型肝炎疫苗提供了新的、重要的分子生物学基础。

关键词：戊型肝炎病毒基因型基因序列分子生物学诊断戊型肝炎

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统计学笔记:相对差异百分比、对称性和自然对数

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第12期25卷 729-731页

作者： tim j Cole Douglas G Altman 李戈(译) 刘欣月(译) 孙凤(校) Population Policy and Practice ProgrammeGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 1EHUK Centre for Statistics in Medicine Nuffield Department of OrthopaedicsRheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxford OX37LDUK 天津中医药大学健康科学与工程学院北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系

对数变换具有非常实用的性质,因此在统计学中被广泛应用,但是即便是统计学家对其属性也知之甚少,而非统计学家则感觉其很不友好。对数变换两种常见形式为:以10为底的普通对数(lg)和以e作底的自然对数(ln)。以自然对数为例,解释如下:任... 详细信息

对数变换具有非常实用的性质,因此在统计学中被广泛应用,但是即便是统计学家对其属性也知之甚少,而非统计学家则感觉其很不友好。对数变换两种常见形式为:以10为底的普通对数(lg)和以e作底的自然对数(ln)。以自然对数为例,解释如下:任意两个数字a、b,其对数差ln(a)-ln(b),实际上反映的是二者比值大小。在此结果上乘以100,100xln(a)-100xln(b),即为α、b基于对数变换的相对差异百分比。

关键词：对数变换自然对数统计学家常见形式对称性百分比

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Molecular markers of phase transition in locusts

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Insect Science 2006年第1期13卷 3-12页

作者： ARNOLD De LOOF ILSe CLAeYS GeRT SIMONeT PeTeR VeRLeYeN tim VANDeRSMISSeN FILIP SAS jURGeN HUYBReCHTS Laboratory for Developmental Physiology Genomics and Proteomics Zoological Institute Leuven Belgium

The changes accompanying the transition from the gregarious to the solitary phase state in locusts are so drastic that for a long time these phases were considered as distinct species. It was Boris Uvarov who introduced the concept of polyphenism. Decades of research revealed that phase transition implies changes in morphometry, the color of the cuticle, behavior and several aspects of physiology. In particular, in the recent decade, quite a number of molecular studies have been undertaken to uncover phase-related differences. They resulted in novel insights into the role of corazonin, neuroparsins, some protease inhibitors, phenylacetonitrile and so on. The advent of eST-databases of locusts （e.g. Kang et al., 2004） is a most encouraging novel development in physiological and behavioral locust research. Yet, the answer to the most intriguing question, namely whether or not there is a primordial molecular inducer of phase transition, is probably not within reach in the very near future.

关键词： corazonin Locusta neuroparsin pacifastin phase polyphenism,phenylacetonitrile Schistocerca

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热带夏季风场与对流场季节内振荡传播模比较

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应用气象学报 2010年第5期21卷 545-557页

作者：林爱兰 Li tim 李春晖中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所/热带季风重点开放实验室广州510080 IPRC and Department of Meteorology University of Hawaii

利用1979-2007年卫星观测日平均OLR资料以及NCeP/DOe第2套再分析资料中的风场资料,采用有限区域波一频分析、合成分析等方法,分析对比对流层高、低层风场与对流场所表征的热带北半球夏季季节内振荡(BSISO)各种传播模态谱分布气候特征及... 详细信息

利用1979-2007年卫星观测日平均OLR资料以及NCeP/DOe第2套再分析资料中的风场资料,采用有限区域波一频分析、合成分析等方法,分析对比对流层高、低层风场与对流场所表征的热带北半球夏季季节内振荡(BSISO)各种传播模态谱分布气候特征及其年际异常。结果表明:各要素反映的BSISO各种模态的气候特征及其年际变化存在一定差异,总体而言对流层低层风(850hPa纬向风或经向风)与对流比较一致。850hPa经向风(纬向风)所反映的纬向(经向)传播BSISO谱分布气候特征与对流情况最相似。在eNSO发展年,850hPa经向风反映的赤道东传波加强趋势与对流较为一致;850hPa纬向风、经向风反映的北传波变化趋势都与对流相似。在eNSO衰减年,850hPa纬向风(经向风)反映的赤道东传波(赤道外西传波)减弱趋势与对流较为一致;对流以及850hPa经向风、200hPa纬向风和200hPa经向风4种要素都能体现南海及周边地区北传波明显减弱这一特征。对流和850hPa纬向风所反映的北传波与印度洋偶极子模态之间关系一致。

关键词：热带北半球夏季季节内振荡(BSISO) 各种传播模态气候特征及年际异常风场与对流场

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Successful treatment of cervical esophageal leakage by endoscopic-vacuum assisted closure therapy

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World journal of Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2013年第7期5卷 340-345页

作者： Henrike Lenzen Ahmed A Negm Thomas j erichsen Michael P Manns jochen Wedemeyer tim O Lankisch Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School30625 Hannover Germany Department of Internal Medicine Robert Koch Hospital Gehrden30989 Gehrden Germany

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic-vacuum assisted closure (e-VAC) therapy in the treatment of cervical esophageal leakage. MeTHODS: Between May and November 2012, three male patients who developed post-operative cervical esophageal leakage were treated with e-VAC therapy. One patient had undergone surgical excision of a pharyngo-cervical liposarcoma with partial esophageal resection, and the other two patients had received surgical treatment for symptomatic Zenker's diverticulum. Following endoscopic verification of the leakage, a trimmed polyurethane sponge was fixed to the distal end of a nasogastric silicone tube and endoscopically positioned into the wound cavity, and with decreasing cavity size the sponge was positioned intraluminally to cover the leak. Continuous suction was applied, and the vacuum drainage system was changed twice a ***: The initial e-VAC placement was technically successful for all three patients, and complete closure of the esophageal leak was achieved without any procedure-related complications. In all three patients, the insufficiencies were located either above or slightly below the upper esophageal sphincter. The median duration of the e-VAC drainage was 29 d (range: 19-49 d), with a median of seven sponge exchanges (range: 5-12 sponge exchanges). In addition, the e-VAC therapy reduced inflammatory markers to within normal range for all three patients. Two of the patients were immediately fitted with a percutaneous enteral gastric feeding tube with jejunal extension, and the third patient received parenteral feeding. All three patients showed normal swallow function and no evidence of stricture after completion of the e-VAC therapy. CONCLUSION: e-VAC therapy for cervical esophageal leakage was well tolerated by patients. This safe and effective procedure may significantly reduce morbidity and mortality following cervical esophageal leakage.

关键词： endoscopic-vacuum assisted closure therapy Vacuum therapy Negative pressure wound therapy Cervical esophageal leakage Anastomotic leakage

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美国加州活动断层探测及其成果应用

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城市与减灾 2018年第1期 72-76页

作者：陈睿 tim e.Dawson tim P.McCrink 美国加州地质调查局

引言本文简要介绍美国,特别是加利福尼亚州,活动断层探测填图及其成果在抗震减灾中的应用。为避免由地震产生的地表破裂对建筑物造成的直接破坏,加州州政府在1972年颁布了《AlquistPriolo地震断层区划法》（以下简称＂AP法＂）。此后开... 详细信息

引言本文简要介绍美国,特别是加利福尼亚州,活动断层探测填图及其成果在抗震减灾中的应用。为避免由地震产生的地表破裂对建筑物造成的直接破坏,加州州政府在1972年颁布了《AlquistPriolo地震断层区划法》（以下简称＂AP法＂）。此后开始对活动断层系统探测并填制大比例尺活动断层分布图。

关键词：断层探测美国加州成果应用加利福尼亚州地震断层抗震减灾地表破裂活动断层

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enhanced ion acceleration from transparency-driven foils demonstrated at two ultraintense laser facilities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第4期12卷 593-604页

作者： Nicholas P.Dover tim Ziegler Stefan Assenbaum Constantin Bernert Stefan Bock Florian-emanuel Brack Thomas e.Cowan emma j.Ditter Marco Garten Lennart Gaus Ilja Goethel George S.Hicks Hiromitsu Kiriyama Thomas Kluge james K.Koga Akira Kon Kotaro Kondo Stephan Kraft Florian Kroll Hazel F.Lowe josefine Metzkes-Ng Tatsuhiko Miyatake Zulfikar Najmudin Thomas Püschel Martin Rehwald Marvin Reimold Hironao Sakaki Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Keiichiro Shiokawa Marvin e.P.Umlandt Ulrich Schramm Karl Zeil Mamiko Nishiuchi Kansai Photon Science Institute National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology8-1-7 UmemidaiKizugawaKyoto 619-0215Japan The john Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01069 DresdenGermany Interdiscipllinary Graduate School of engineering Sciences Kyushu University6-1Kasuga-KoenKasugaFukuoka 816-8580Japan

Laser-driven ion sources are a rapidly developing technology producing high energy,high peak current *** suitability for applications,such as compact medical accelerators,motivates development of robust acceleration schemes using widely available repetitive ultraintense femtosecond *** applications not only require high beam energy,but also place demanding requirements on the source stability and *** can be seriously affected by the laser temporal contrast,precluding the replication of ion acceleration performance on independent laser systems with otherwise similar ***,we present the experimental generation of>60 MeV protons and>30 MeV u-1 carbon ions from sub-micrometre thickness Formvar foils irradiated with laser intensities>1021 *** are accelerated by an extreme localised space charge field≥30TVm-1,over a million times higher than used in conventional *** field is formed by a rapid expulsion of electrons from the target bulk due to relativistically induced transparency,in which relativistic corrections to the refractive index enables laser transmission through normally opaque *** replicate the mechanism on two different laser facilities and show that the optimum target thickness decreases with improved laser contrast due to reduced *** demonstration that energetic ions can be accelerated by this mechanism at different contrast levels relaxes laser requirements and indicates interaction parameters for realising application-specific beam delivery.

关键词： acceleration intense transparency

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低剩余采食量的猪需要低能量维持

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饲料研究 2011年第2期34卷 76-76,79页

作者： tim Lundeen 程宗佳(摘译) 美国大豆协会国际项目北京办事处不详

生猪企业一直高度关注饲料效率问题,尤其是在低利润率和高饲料成本的阶段。Nick Boddicker,Nicholas K Gabler,Michael e Spurlock,Dan Nettleton和jack C M Dekkers介绍,剩余采食量（RFI）是一种计算饲料利用率的方法,即根据猪的增质... 详细信息

生猪企业一直高度关注饲料效率问题,尤其是在低利润率和高饲料成本的阶段。Nick Boddicker,Nicholas K Gabler,Michael e Spurlock,Dan Nettleton和jack C M Dekkers介绍,剩余采食量（RFI）是一种计算饲料利用率的方法,即根据猪的增质量和背膘，计算实际采食量与预计采食量之差。

关键词：采食量生猪剩余低能量 Michael 饲料成本饲料利用率效率问题

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