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Asymmetry of Atmospheric Responses to Two-Type el Nino and La Nina over Northwest Pacific

Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第5期33卷 826-836页

作者： Mingcheng cHeN tim LI Xiaohui WANG Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research center and Department of Atmospheric sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI96822USA

The mechanism for asymmetric atmospheric responses to the central Pacific(cP) el Ni?o and La Ni?a over the western North Pacific(WNP) is studied in this paper. The negative anomalies of rainfall over the key region of WNP are explained by diagnosing the column-integrated equations of moisture and moist static energy(Mse). It is revealed that the nonlinear advection of moist enthalpy is critical to introduce negative rainfall anomalies over the region. The anomalous easterly(westerly) in La Ni?a(cP el Ni?o) causes negative advection of anomalous moist enthalpy, inducing negative heating anomaly and an anticyclone anomaly in the WNP, which weakens(strengthens) the cyclone(anticyclone) in La Ni?a(cP el Ni?o). The Mse budget analysis shows a larger nonlinear term in cP el Ni?o than in eastern Pacific(eP) el Ni?o, inconsistent with the amplitudes of sea surface temperature anomalies. The reason is that the nonlinear term transforms to positive above 700 h Pa in eP el Ni?o, offsetting the negative advection below 700 h Pa and thus making the nonlinear term smaller. The nonlinear term is negative at low levels in cP el Ni?o, resulting in a larger nonlinear term. The stronger precipitation anomalies in the WNP during eP el Ni?o can be attributed to the linear moist enthalpy advection. The mean easterly wind at mid levels causes a larger(smaller) positive moist enthalpy advection in cP(eP) el Ni?o, due to a larger(smaller) moist enthalpy gradient, resulting in a positive(negative) linear moist enthalpy advection, which weakens(strengthens) the negative precipitation anomalies in the key region.

关键词： asymmetry La Nina eastern Pacific(eP) el Nino central Pacific(cP) el Nino moist enthalpy

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seasonal Prediction of Boreal Winter Rainfall over the Western Maritime continent during eNsO

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第2期34卷 294-303页

作者： chih-Pei cHANG tim LI song YANG Department of Meteorology Naval Postgraduate SchoolMontereyCA 93943USA Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Atmospheric sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHI 96822USA school of Atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

since the beginning of the Association of southeast Asian Nations climate Outlook Forum(AseANcOF)in 2013,the most difficult challenge has been the rainfall forecast in boreal *** is the Maritime continent monsoon season during which rainfall reaches maximum in the annual *** forecast difficulty arises in spite of the general notion that seasonal predictability of the Maritime continent rainfall may be higher than most places because of the strong and robust influences of *** lower predictability is consistent with the lower correlation between eNsO and western Maritime continent rainfall that reaches minimum during the boreal winter *** theories have been proposed to explain this low *** this paper,we review the research on eNsO–Maritime continent rainfall relationship and show that the main cause of the forecast difficulty is the wind–terrain interaction involving the sumatran and Malay Peninsula mountains,rather than the effect of sea surface temperature(ssT).The wind–terrain interaction due to the low-level regional scale anomalous horizontal circulation offsets the anomalous Walker circulation during both el Ni?o and La Ni?*** net result of these two opposing responses to eNsO is a lower local *** propose to call this low-predictability region the WIMP(Western Indonesia–Malay Peninsula)region both for its geographical location and its special characteristic of causing difficulties for forecasters to make a confident forecast for the boreal *** result suggests that climate models lack skills in forecasting rainfall in this region because their predictability depends strongly on ssT.

关键词： seasonal forecast Maritime continent eNsO monsoon rainfall wind-terrain interaction

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editorial:Industrial relevance of molybdenum in china

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Advances in Manufacturing 2020年第1期8卷 35-39页

作者： tim Outteridge Nicole Kinsman Gaetano Ronchi Hardy Mohrbacher International Molybdenum Association LondonUK Department of Materials engineering KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Niobelcon bvba SchildeBelgium

About 80%of all molybdenum mined in the world(not including units recovered via recycling)is used as an alloying element in iron and *** general,the intensity of molybdenum use in china is still lower than in more highly developed regions such as the UsA and *** difference is manifest in both carbon steels and stainless steels,suggesting a significant opportunity for more widespread use of molybdenum in the future as china follows its self-reliance policy,calling for more sophisticated *** market development,as being pursued by the International Molybdenum Association(IMOA),is a key asset in that *** article summarizes some key facts on molybdenum mining,use and market development in china.

关键词： china molybdenum industry Global molybdenum reserves Molybdenum applications enduser markets Molybdenum alloying Market development

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Unraveling giant cu（110） surface restructuring induced by a non-planar phthalocyanine

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2605-2611页

作者： Nataliya Kalashnyk Luke A. Rochford Dongzhe Li Alexander smogunov Yannick J. Dappe tim s. Jones Laurent Guillemot Institut des sciences Moleculaires d'Orsay CNRS Universite Paris-Sud 11 Orsay 91405 France school of chemistry The University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK Department of Physics University ofKonstanz Konstanz 78457 Germany sPec CEA CNRS Universite Paris-Saclay CEA Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91191 France

The surface stability of coinage metals is paramount when they are used as electrode materials for functional electronic devices incorporating organic semiconductors. In this work, it is shown that the adsorption of non-planar vanadyl phthalocyanine molecules on cu（110） drastically restructured the metal surface at room temperature, which was further enhanced upon moderate annealing. scanning tunneling microscopy imaging demonstrated that the surface was restructured at step edges into sawtooth features that gradually replaced the （110） terraces. The edges of the modified steps were preferentially composed of chiral （1×6） kink sites decorated with vanadyl phthalocyanine molecules adsorbed in a tilted configuration with the oxygen atom pointing downwards. These results can have a strong impact on the optimization of the performance of organic devices integrated with phthalocyanine molecules.

关键词： surface restructuring step-etching chiral kink phthalocyanine

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Madden–Julian Oscillation: Its Discovery, Dynamics, and Impact on east Asia

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第1期34卷 20-42页

作者： tim LI Jian LING Pang-chi HsU Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research center and Department of Atmospheric sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA state Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In this review article,we pay primary attention to innovative works in the Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO)field done by chinese *** historical aspect of discovery of the MJO and earlier studies of its dynamics by chinese scientists are first *** is followed by the description of recent advances in MJO propagation and initiation *** MJO eastward propagation,two types of the moisture mode theory are *** first one emphasizes the effect of zonal asymmetry of perturbation moisture in the atmospheric boundary layer and the second one emphasizes the zonal asymmetry of column integrated moisture static energy(Mse)*** mechanisms for MJO initiation over the western Indian Ocean include three distinctive processes:lower tropospheric moistening due to horizontal advection caused by preceding suppressed-phase MJO,midlatitude Rossby wave activity flux convergence in the upper troposphere originated from the southern Hemisphere,and a delayed sea surface temperature feedback in association with a preceding opposite-phase *** impacts of MJO on low-frequency variability of precipitation and temperature and associated extreme events in east Asia are also discussed.

关键词： Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO) propagation and initiation lower tropospheric moistening Rossby wave activity flux delayed sea surface temperature feedback

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An improved wall-mounted displacement ventilation system in a large-span machining workshop

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Building simulation 2022年第11期15卷 1943-1953页

作者： Fei Liu Tengfei(tim)Zhang Liqiang Yang Zhengwei Long Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air environmental Quality control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin 300072China school of civil engineering Dalian University of Technology(DUT)2 Linggong RoadDalian 116024China Tianjin Fengjin Auto Parts co. Ltd.8 1 Xianfeng East RoadTianjin 300310China

A machining workshop requires ventilation that removes oil mist particles efficiently and conditions air to a comfortable *** ventilation has been reported to be highly efficient in removing airborne pollutants in a ***,the traditional wall-mounted displacement ventilation system may be inadequate for delivering conditioned,clean air to the internal zone of a large-span *** investigation proposed an improved wall-mounted displacement ventilation system in which machining equipment is elevated,relay fans are operated in corridors in the cooling season,and ceiling air exhausts are *** proposed ventilation system was compared with the traditional wall-mounted displacement ventilation system and a displacement ventilation system with multiple local diffusers in the corridors,separately.A validated computational fluid dynamics(cFD)software program was used to investigate the three ventilation systems in both the cooling and heating *** airflow,oil mist particle concentration,and air temperature under the three ventilation systems were *** results revealed that the traditional wall-mounted displacement ventilation system is inappropriate for use in a large-span workshop,particularly in the cooling *** proposed improved wall-mounted displacement ventilation provided the lowest oil mist particle concentration in the breathing zone and an appropriate air temperature in the occupied zone in both the cooling and heating *** in the cooling season,the proposed system reduced the oil mist particle concentration by 48.5%in the breathing zone as compared with the traditional *** an improved ventilation system is highly recommended for use in large-span workshops.

关键词： ventilation workshop oil mist particle temperature cFD

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湍球塔捕集烟气中低浓度二氧化碳特性

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化工学报 2011年第11期62卷 3269-3275页

作者：周向 LeI cheng tim c. Keener 宋存义北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院北京100083 辛辛那提大学美国俄亥俄45220

引言全球温度逐步上升已经是个不容否认的事实[1],政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPcc,intergovernmental panel on climate change)《2007年气候变化报告》[2]指出温室效应主要是人类活动造成,而且化石燃料燃烧排放的cO2对温室效应贡献率达... 详细信息

引言全球温度逐步上升已经是个不容否认的事实[1],政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPcc,intergovernmental panel on climate change)《2007年气候变化报告》[2]指出温室效应主要是人类活动造成,而且化石燃料燃烧排放的cO2对温室效应贡献率达到56.5%。

关键词：湍球塔低浓度cO2 cO2捕集液气比

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Influence of the Boreal summer Intraseasonal Oscillation on extreme Temperature events in the Northern Hemisphere

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第4期32卷 534-547页

作者： Yifei DIAO tim LI Pang-chi HsU Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology International Pacific Research center and Department of Atmospheric sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology University of Hawaii

The impact of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation （BsIsO） on extreme hot and cool events was investig-ated, by analyzing the observed and reanalysis data for the period from 1983 to 2012. It is found that the frequency of the extreme events in middle and high latitudes is significantly modulated by the BsIsO convection in the tropics, with a 3-9-day lag. During phases 1 and 2 when the BsIsO positive rainfall anomaly is primarily located over a northwest-southeast oriented belt extending from India to Maritime continent and a negative rainfall anomaly ap- pears in western North Pacific, the frequency of extreme hot events is 40% more than the frequency of non-extreme hot events. Most noticeable increase appears in midlatitude North Pacific （north of 40°N） and higher-latitude polar region. Two physical mechanisms are primarily responsible for the change of the extreme frequency. First, an upper-tropo-spheric Rossby wave train （due to the wave energy propagation） is generated in response to a negative heating anom-aly over tropical western North Pacific in phases 1 and 2. This wave train consists of a strong high pressure anomaly center northeast of Japan, a weak low pressure anomaly center over Alaska, and a strong high pressure anomaly cen-ter over the western coast of United states. easterly anomalies to the south of the two strong midlatitude high pres-sure centers weaken the climatological subtropical jet along 40°N, which is accompanied by anomalous subsidence and warming in North Pacific north of 40°N. second, an enhanced monsoonal heating over south Asia and east Asia sets up a transverse monsoonal overturning circulation, with large-scale ascending （descending） anomalies over trop-ical Indian （Pacific） Ocean. Both the processes favor more frequent extreme hot events in higher-latitude Northern Hemisphere. An anomalous atmospheric general circulation model is used to confirm the tropical heating effect.

关键词： boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation extreme hot events extreme cool events Rossby wave train monsoonal circulation

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silicene nanoribbons as carbon monoxide nanosensors with molecular resolution

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Nano Research 2014年第7期7卷 945-952页

作者： tim H. Osborn Amir A. Farajian Department of Mechanical and Materials engineering Wright State University Dayton Ohio 45435 USA

Applications based on silicene as grown on substrates are of high interest toward actual utilization of this unique material. Here we explore, from first principles, the nature of carbon monoxide adsorption on semiconducting silicene nanoribbons and the resulting quantum conduction modulation with and without silver contacts for sensing applications. We find that quantum conduction is detectably modified by weak chemisorption of a single cO molecule on a pristine silicene nanoribbon. This modification can be attributed to the charge transfer from cO to the silicene nanoribbon and the deformation induced by the cO chemisorption. Moderate binding energies provide an optimal mix of high detectability and recoverability. With Ag contacts attached to a -1 nm silicene nanoribbon, the interface states mask the conductance modulations caused by cO adsorption, emphasizing length effects for sensor applications. The effects of atmospheric gases--nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water--as well as cO adsorption density and edge-dangling bond defects, on sensor functionality are also investigated. Our results reveal pristine silicene nanoribbons as a promising new sensing material with single molecule resolution.

关键词： silicene silicon nanoribbon nanosensor carbon monoxide quantum transport contacts ab initio simulations

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skewness of subsurface ocean temperature in the equatorial Pacific based on assimilated data

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chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第3期27卷 600-606页

作者：苏京志张人禾 LI tim 容新尧 chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences Nansen-Zhu International Research centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences International Pacific Research center and Department of Meteorology University of Hawaii at Manoa

The skewness of subsurface temperature anomaly in the equatorial Pacific Ocean shows a significant asymmetry between the east and west. A positive temperature skewness appears in the equatorial eastern Pacific, while the temperature skewness in the western and central Pacific is primarily negative. There is also an asymmetry of the temperature skewness above and below the climatological mean therrnocline in the central and western Pacific. A positive skewness appears below the thermocline, but the skewness is negative above the thermocline. The distinctive vertical asymmetry of the temperature skewness is argued to be attributed to the asymmetric temperature response to upward and downward thermocline displacement in the presence of the observed upper-ocean vertical thermal structure. Because of positive （negative） second derivative of temperature with respect to depth below （above） the thermocline, an upward and a downward shift of the thermocline with equal displacement would lead to a negative temperature skewness above the thermocline but a positive skewness below the thermocline. In the far eastern equatorial Pacific, the thermocline is close to the base of the mixed layer, the shape of the upper-ocean vertical temperature profile cannot be kept. Positive skewness appears in both below the thermocline and above the thermocline in the far eastern basin. Over the central and eastern Pacific, the anomalies of the subsurface waters tend to entrain into the surface mixed layer （by climatological mean upwelling） and then affect the ssT. Hence, the positive （negative） subsurface skewness in the far eastern （central） Pacific may favor positive （negative） ssT skewness, which is consistent with the observational fact that more La Nina （eI Nino） occur in the central （eastern） Pacific. The present result implies a possible new paradigm for eI Nino and La Nina amplitude asymmetry in the eastern Pacific.

关键词： skewness subsurface temperature equatorial ocean

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