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Dependence of Tropical cyclone Intensification on the Latitude under Vertical shear

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第1期32卷 113-123页

作者： Mingyu BI Xuyang ge tim LI collaborative Innovation center on Forecast and evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology International Pacific Research center/Department of Atmospheric sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa

The sensitivity of tropical cyclone（Tc） intensification to the ambient rotation effect under vertical shear is investigated. The results show that the vortices develop more rapidly with intermediate planetary vorticity, which suggests an optimal latitude for the Tc development in the presence of vertical shear. This is different from the previous studies in which no mean flow is considered. It is found that the ambient rotation has two main effects. On the one hand,the boundary layer imbalance is largely controlled by the coriolis parameter. For Tcs at lower latitudes, due to the weaker inertial instability, the boundary inflow is promptly established, which results in a stronger moisture convergence and thus greater diabatic heating in the inner core region. On the other hand, the coriolis parameter modulates the vertical realignment of the vortex with a higher coriolis parameter, favoring a quicker vertical realignment and thus a greater potential for Tc development. The combination of these two effects results in an optimal latitude for Tc intensification in the presence of a vertical shear investigated.

关键词： tropical cyclone intensification vertical shear coriolis parameter

How Frequently Will the Persistent Heavy Rainfall over the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin in summer 2020 Happen under Global Warming?

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2022年第10期39卷 1673-1692,I0016,I0017页

作者： Zi-An ge Lin cHeN tim LI Lu WANG Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research center and Department of Atmospheric sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822USA

The middle and lower Yangtze River basin(MLYRB)suffered persistent heavy rainfall in summer 2020,with nearly continuous rainfall for about six consecutive *** the likelihood of persistent heavy rainfall resembling that which occurred over the MLYRB in summer 2020(hereafter 2020PHR-like event)would change under global warming is *** index that reflects maximum accumulated precipitation during a consecutive five-week period in summer(Rx35day)is *** accumulated precipitation index in summer 2020 is 60%stronger than the climatology,and a statistical analysis further shows that the 2020 event is a 1-in-70-year *** model projection results derived from the 50-member ensemble of canesM2 and the multimodel ensemble(MMe)of the cMIP5 and cMIP6 models show that the occurrence probability of the 2020PHR-like event will dramatically increase under global *** on the Kolmogorov-smirnoff test,one-third of the cMIP5 and cMIP6 models that have reasonable performance in reproducing the 2020PHR-like event in their historical simulations are selected for the future projection *** cMIP5 and cMIP6 MMe results show that the occurrence probability of the 2020PHR-like event under the present-day climate will be double under lower-emission scenarios(cMIP5 RcP4.5,cMIP6 ssP1-2.6,and ssP2-4.5)and 3-5 times greater under higher-emission scenarios(3.0 times for cMIP5 RcP8.5,2.9 times for cMIP6 ssP3-7.0,and 4.8 times for cMIP6 ssP5-8.5).The inter-model spread of the probability change is small,lending confidence to the projection *** results provide a scientific reference for mitigation of and adaptation to future climate change.

关键词： persistent heavy rainfall middle and lower Yangtze River basin future projection cMIP5 and cMIP6 models generalized extreme value(geV)distribution

Impacts of the Diurnal cycle of Radiation on Tropical cyclone Intensification and structure

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2014年第6期31卷 1377-1385页

作者： ge Xuyang MA Yue ZHOU shunwu tim LI earth system Modeling center Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology college of Atmospheric science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology International Pacific Research center University of Hawaii Honolulu HI 96822 USA

To investigate the impacts of the diurnal cycle on tropical cyclones （Tcs）,a set of idealized simulations were conducted by specifying different radiation （i.e.,nighttime-only,daytime-only,full diurnal cycle）.It was found that,for an initially weak storm,it developed faster during nighttime than *** impacts of radiation were not only on Tc intensification,but also on Tc structure and *** nighttime storm tended to have a larger size than its daytime *** nighttime,the radiative cooling steepened the lapse rate and thus reduced the static stability in cloudy regions,enhancing *** heating associated with outer convection induced boundary layer inflows,which led to outward expansion of tangential winds and thus increased the storm size.

关键词： solar shortwave radiation tropical cyclone structure intensification diurnal cycle

sensitivity of the Warm core of Tropical cyclones to solar Radiation

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2015年第8期32卷 1038-1048页

作者： ge Xuyang MA Yue ZHOU shunwu tim LI Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology International Pacific Research center University of Hawaii

To investigate the impacts of solar radiation on tropical cyclone （Tc） warm-core structure （i.e., the magnitude and height）, a pair of idealized simulations are conducted by specifying different strengths of solar shortwave radiation. It is found that the Tc warm core is highly sensitive to the shortwave radiative effect. For the nighttime storm, a tendency for a more intense warm core is found, with an elevated height compared to its daytime counterpart. As pointed out by previous studies, the radiative cooling during nighttime destabilizes the local and large-scale environment and thus promotes deep moist convec- tion, which enhances the Tc＇s intensity. Due to the different inertial stabilities, the diabatic heating in the eyewall will force different secondary circulations. For a strong Tc with a deeper vertical structure, this promotes a thin upper-level inflow layer. This inflow carries the lower stratospheric air with high potential temperature and descends adiabatically in the eye, resulting in significant upper-level warming. The sawyer-eliassen diagnosis further confirms that the height of the maximum temperature anomaly is likely attributable to the balance among the forced secondary circulations.

关键词： tropical cyclone warm core structure solar radiation

Prograde and retrograde growth of monazite in migmatites:An example from the Nagercoil Block,southern India

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geoscience Frontiers 2015年第3期6卷 373-387页

作者： tim e.Johnson chris clark Richard J.M.Taylor M.santosh Alan s.collins Department of Applied geology The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)Curtin University school of the earth sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Adelaide

Data from a migmatised metapelite raft enclosed within charnockite provide quantitative constraints on the pressure-temperature-time （P-T-t） evolution of the Nagercoil Block at the southernmost tip of peninsular India. An inferred peak metamorphic assemblage of garnet, K-feldspar, sillimanite, plagioclase, magnetite, ilmenite, spinel and melt is consistent with peak metamorphic pressures of 6-8 kbar and temperatures in excess of 900 ℃. subsequent growth of cordierite and biotite record high-temperature retrograde decompression to around 5 kbar and 800 ℃. sHRIMP U-Pb dating of magmatic zircon cores suggests that the sedimentary protoliths were in part derived from felsic igneous rocks with Palae- oproterozoic crystallisation ages. New growth of metamorphic zircon on the rims of detrital grains constrains the onset of melt crystallisation, and the minimum age of the metamorphic peak, to around 560 Ma. The data suggest two stages of monazite growth. The first generation of Ree-enriched monazite grew during partial melting along the prograde path at around 570 Ma via the incongruent breakdown of apatite. Relatively Ree-depleted rims, which have a pronounced negative europium anomaly, grew during melt crystallisation along the retrograde path at around 535 Ma. Our data show the rocks remained at suprasolidus temperatures for at least 35 million years and probably much longer, supporting a long-lived high-grade metamorphic history. The metamorphic conditions, timing and duration of the implied clockwise P-T-t path are similar to that previously established for other regions in peninsular India during the ediacaran to cambrian assembly of that part of the Gondwanan supercontinent.

关键词： Monazire Migmatite Zircon geochronology Phase equilibria modelling Gondwana

The scope for manipulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of beef:a review

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 299-311页

作者： Payam Vahmani cletos Mapiye Nuria Prieto David c.Rolland tim A.Mc Allister Jennifer L.Aalhus Michael e.R.Dugan Agriculture and Agri-Food canada Lacombe Research Centre Department of Animal sciences Faculty of Agri SciencesStellenbosch University Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Alberta Agriculture and Agri-Food canada Lethbridge Research Centre

since 1950, links between intake of saturated fatty acids and heart disease have led to recommendations to limit consumption of saturated fatty acid-rich foods, including beef. Over this time, changes in food consumption patterns in several countries including canada and the UsA have not led to improvements in health. Instead, the incidence of obesity, type II diabetes and associated diseases have reached epidemic proportions owing in part to replacement of dietary fat with refined carbohydrates. Despite the content of saturated fatty acids in beef, it is also rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids, and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3（n-3） fatty acids in populations where little or no oily fish is consumed. Beef also contains polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products,including vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been shown to have anticarcinogenic and hypolipidemic properties in cell culture and animal models. Beef can be enriched with these beneficial fatty acids through manipulation of beef cattle diets, which is now more important than ever because of increasing public understanding of the relationships between diet and health. The present review examines recommendations for beef in human diets, the need to recognize the complex nature of beef fat, how cattle diets and management can alter the fatty acid composition of beef, and to what extent content claims are currently possible for beef fatty acids.

关键词： Beef Biohydrogenation products Lipids n-3 fatty acids Rumenic acid Vaccenic acid

Laser induced oxidation and optical properties of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric Bi2Te3 nanoplates

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Nano Research 2015年第3期8卷 851-859页

作者： Rui He sukrit sucharitakul Zhipeng Ye courtney Keiser tim e. Kidd Xuan P. A. Gao Department of Physics University of Northern Iowa Cedar Falls Iowa 50614 USA Department of Physics Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA

Bi-Te nanoplates （NPs） grown by a low pressure vapor transport method have been studied by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy （AFM）, energy- dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （eDs）, and Auger electron spectroscopy （Aes）. We find that the surface of relatively thick （more than tens of nanometers） Bi2Te3 NPs is oxidized in the air and forms a bump under heating with moderate laser power, as revealed by the emergence of Raman lines characteristic of Bi2O3 and TeO2 and characterization by AFM and eDs. Further increase of laser power burns holes on the surface of the NPs. Thin （thicknesses less than 20 nm） NPs with stoichiometry different from Bi2Te3 were also studied. Raman lines from non-stoichiometric NPs are different from those of stoichiometric ones and display characteristic changes with the increase of Bi concentration. Thin NPs with the same thickness but different stoichiometries show different color contrast compared to the substrate in the optical image. This indicates that the optical absorption coefficient in thin Bi-Te NPs strongly depends on their stoichiometry.

关键词： bismuth telluride nanoplate Raman spectroscopy oxidation stoichiometry

The role of airborne particles and environmental considerations in the transmission of sARs-coV-2

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geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 1-16页

作者： Longyi shao shuoyi ge tim Jones M.santosh Luis F.O.silva Yaxin cao Marcos L.s.Oliveira Mengyuan Zhang Kelly BéruBé state Key Laboratory of coal Resources and safe Mining China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China college of geoscience and surveying engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China school of earth and environmental sciences Cardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF103YEUK school of earth sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of earth science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Department of civil and environmental Universidad de la CostaCalle 58#55-66080002 BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia Departamento de Ingeniería civil y Arquitectura Universidad de LimaAvenida Javier Prado Este 4600-Santiago deSurco 1503Peru school of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiff CF103AXWalesUK

corona Virus Disease 2019(cOVID-19)caused by the novel coronavirus,results in an acute respiratory condition coronavirus 2(sARs-coV-2)and is highly *** recent spread of this virus has caused a global ***,the transmission routes of sARs-coV-2 are being established,especially the role of environmental *** we review the environmental transmission routes and persistence of *** studies have established that the transmission of this virus may occur,amongst others,in the air,water,soil,cold-chain,biota,and surface *** has also been found that the survival potential of the sARs-coV-2 virus is dependent on different environmental conditions and *** important pathways include aerosol and fecal *** matter may also be a carrier for *** microscopic particles can be easily absorbed by humans,more attention must be focused on the dissemination of these *** considerations are required to evolve a theoretical platform for epidemic control and to minimize the global threat from future epidemics.

关键词： Aerosol Airborne particles cOVID-19 environmental media sARs-coV-2

Multi-scale drivers of soil resistance predict vulnerability of seasonally wet meadows to trampling by pack stock animals in the sierra Nevada,UsA

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ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 364-377页

作者： Joy s.Baccei Mitchel P.Mcclaran tim J.Kuhn stephen c.Hart environmental systems Graduate Group University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA Uc Merced Vernal Pools and Grassland Reserve UC Merced Natural Reserve SystemMercedCA 95343USA school of Natural Resources and the environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Resources Management and science Yosemite National ParkEl PortalCA 95318USA Department of Life&environmental sciences and sierra Nevada Research Institute University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA.

Background:Meadow ecosystems have important ecological functions and support socioeconomic services,yet are subject to multiple stressors that can lead to rapid *** the sierra Nevada of the western UsA,recreational pack stock(horses and mules)use in seasonally wet mountain meadows may lead to soil trampling and meadow degradation,especially when soil water content is high and vegetation is ***:In order to improve the ability to predict meadow vulnerability to soil disturbance from pack stock use,we measured soil resistance(sR),which is an index of vulnerability to trampling disturbance,at two spatial scales using a stratified-random sampling *** then compared sR to several soil and vegetation explanatory variables that were also measured at the two spatial scales:plant community type(local scale)and topographic gradient class(meadow scale).Results:We found that local-scale differences in drivers of sR were contingent on the meadow scale,which is important because multiple spatial scale evaluation of ecological metrics provides a broader understanding of the potential controls on ecological processes than assessments conducted at a single spatial *** also found two contrasting explanatory models for drivers of sR at the local scale:(1)soil gravimetric water content effects on soil disaggregation and(2)soil bulk density and root mass influence on soil *** resistance was insufficient to sustain pack stock use without incurring soil deformation in wet plant communities,even when plant cover was maximal during a major ***:Our study provides new information on seasonally wet meadow vulnerability to trampling by pack stock animals using multi-scale drivers of sR,including the contrasting roles of soil disaggregation,friction,and *** work aims to inform meadow management efforts in the sierra Nevada and herbaceous ecosystems in similar regions that are subject to seasonal soil saturation and livestock u

关键词： Hydrogeomorphic classification Hydrologic regime Pack stock Plant communities soil properties soil strength