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非小细胞肺癌免疫治疗疗效的预测生物标志物研究进展

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中国肺癌杂志 2024年第6期27卷 459-465页

作者：孙天生陈彰韦坤辰唐昊海军军医大学第二附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科上海200003

肺癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其中非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)占大多数。免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)的出现极大地改变了NSCLC的治疗策略,并改善了患者预后,然而现实中只有少部分... 详细信息

肺癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其中非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)占大多数。免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)的出现极大地改变了NSCLC的治疗策略,并改善了患者预后,然而现实中只有少部分患者能够获得长期受益。因此,确定可靠的预测生物标志物对选择治疗方式至关重要。随着近年来分子生物学、基因组测序技术的发展以及对肿瘤及其宿主免疫微环境的认识不断深入,生物标志物的研究层出不穷。本文围绕NSCLC免疫治疗疗效的预测生物标志物进行综述,以期为精准免疫治疗提供指导。

关键词：肺肿瘤免疫治疗肿瘤突变负荷生物标志物预测

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髓内钉治疗成人BadoⅢ型孟氏骨折一例

中华手外科杂志 2024年第2期40卷 100-101页

作者：王浩何红英张建政刘智孙天胜解放军总医院骨科医学部显微外科北京100048

患者男,19岁,骑自行车摔伤致右肘关节疼痛活动受限入院。入院检查:前臂畸形,压痛,右腕及右手背伸功能正常,右手末梢血运及感觉良好。X线检查提示右尺骨近端1/3短斜形骨折并向外侧成角畸形,右肘桡骨头向外侧脱位。予患者急诊牵引闭合复... 详细信息

患者男,19岁,骑自行车摔伤致右肘关节疼痛活动受限入院。入院检查:前臂畸形,压痛,右腕及右手背伸功能正常,右手末梢血运及感觉良好。X线检查提示右尺骨近端1/3短斜形骨折并向外侧成角畸形,右肘桡骨头向外侧脱位。予患者急诊牵引闭合复位桡骨头后石膏托固定。然后消肿镇痛治疗,伤后5 d行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉下尺骨骨折闭合复位髓内钉固定术。手术操作:前臂髓内钉为美国Acumed解剖型髓内钉。

关键词：肘关节疼痛桡骨头石膏托固定短斜形骨折成角畸形孟氏骨折末梢血运尺骨近端

老年髋部骨折患者术后发生心力衰竭的危险因素及预后分析

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中华创伤骨科杂志 2024年第6期26卷 481-486页

作者：王晓伟杨红梅王晔来孙天胜刘智张建政高杰解放军总医院第七医学中心骨科北京100700

目的:分析老年髋部骨折患者术后住院期间发生心力衰竭的危险因素,探讨心力衰竭对老年髋部骨折患者预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年12月期间解放军总医院第七医学中心收治的1 478例老年髋部骨折患者资料。男482例,女996例... 详细信息

目的:分析老年髋部骨折患者术后住院期间发生心力衰竭的危险因素,探讨心力衰竭对老年髋部骨折患者预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年12月期间解放军总医院第七医学中心收治的1 478例老年髋部骨折患者资料。男482例,女996例;年龄81(75,90)岁。根据术后住院期间是否发生心力衰竭将患者分为心力衰竭组和无心力衰竭组,比较两组患者的临床资料,将 P<0.05的变量纳入多因素logistic回归模型,分析老年髋部骨折患者术后发生心力衰竭的危险因素。比较两组患者术后30 d和1年病死率、住院时间及术后并发症发生情况等。结果:7.0%(104/1 478)的患者术后发生心力衰竭。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:高龄( OR=1.035,95% CI:1.006~1.065, P=0.018)、男性( OR=1.727,95% CI:1.125~2.651, P=0.012)、心律失常( OR=1.830,95% CI:1.104~3.031, P=0.019)、输血量多( OR=1.100,95% CI:1.001~1.209, P=0.048)、术前使用抗凝或抗血小板药物( OR=1.921,95% CI:1.053~3.505, P=0.033)是老年髋部骨折患者术后发生心力衰竭的危险因素。心力衰竭组患者术后30 d病死率为9.6%(10/104),术后1年病死率为22.1%(23/104),术后并发症发生率为32.7%(34/104),均显著高于无心力衰竭组患者[3.6%(49/1 374)、13.8%(190/1 374)、17.5%(241/1 374)];住院时间为14(11,19)d,显著长于无心力衰竭组患者[11(9,15)d],差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。结论:高龄、男性、心律失常、输血量多和术前使用抗凝或抗血小板药物是老年髋部骨折患者术后发生心力衰竭的危险因素。发生心力衰竭的患者预后差,术后病死率高,并发症多,住院时间长。

关键词：髋骨折骨折固定术,内关节成形术,置换,髋心力衰竭老年人

Inter-Tan髓内钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定相关并发症发生的危险因素分析

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中华创伤杂志 2024年第8期40卷 692-698页

作者：王晓伟杨红梅高杰宋占林孙天胜张建政刘智中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心骨科北京100700

目的探讨Inter-Tan髓内钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定相关并发症发生的危险因素。方法采用回顾性队列研究分析2016年1月至2020年12月中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心收治的314例老年股骨转子间骨折患者的临床资料,其中男100... 详细信息

目的探讨Inter-Tan髓内钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折术后内固定相关并发症发生的危险因素。方法采用回顾性队列研究分析2016年1月至2020年12月中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心收治的314例老年股骨转子间骨折患者的临床资料,其中男100例,女214例;年龄60~98岁[(80.2±8.2)岁]。患者均行Inter-Tan髓内钉内固定治疗。根据2018年AO/OTA分型标准,103例为稳定型骨折,211例为不稳定型骨折,再按随访期间患者是否发生内固定并发症分别分为并发症组和无并发症组。稳定型骨折中6例(5.8%)出现内固定相关并发症,其中骨折不愈合4例,头钉切出2例。不稳定型骨折中28例(13.3%)出现内固定相关并发症,其中骨折不愈合5例,头钉切出20例,头钉切入1例,头钉断裂2例。以术后内固定相关并发症作为因变量,将性别、年龄、合并症[高血压病、冠心病、心律失常、肺部感染、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、肾功能不全、糖尿病]、骨密度、手术等待时长、麻醉方式、复位方法、复位质量、尖顶距、头钉位移等影响因素作为自变量,分别对稳定型骨折和不稳定型骨折进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,筛选内固定相关并发症发生的独立危险因素。结果稳定型骨折患者的单因素分析结果显示,并发症组与无并发症组骨密度、复位质量差异均有统计学意义(P80岁(OR=2.82,95%CI 1.01,7.93,P<0.05)、骨密度T值≤-3.0 SD(OR=6.10,95%CI 2.06,17.51,P<0.01)、复位质量差(OR=12.25,95%CI 2.90,51.79,P<0.01)、尖顶距≥25 mm(OR=3.65,95%CI 1.20,11.08,P<0.05)和头钉位移<4 mm(OR=7.26,95%CI 2.54,20.81,P<0.01)与术后内固定相关并发症发生显著相关。结论Inter-Tan髓内钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折,骨密度低和复位质量差是稳定型骨折患者术后内固定相关并发症发生的独立危险因素;高龄、骨密度低、复位质量差、尖顶距大和头钉位移是不稳定型骨折患者术后内固定相关并发症发生的独立危险因素。

关键词：髋骨折骨折固定术,内老年人术后并发症

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脊柱外科手术后静脉血栓栓塞的研究进展

中华骨与关节外科杂志 2024年第5期17卷 474-479页

作者：王晓伟万雷刘晓燕王晔来孙天胜刘智张志成中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心骨科北京100700

静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)是骨科大手术围手术期常见并发症,致死率、致残率较高。近年来随着VTE各项预防措施的不断推广,VTE预防在髋膝关节置换术、髋部骨折手术中已获得了显著成果。脊柱外科手术复杂、创伤大,术后VTE是不可忽视的问题,但脊柱... 详细信息

静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)是骨科大手术围手术期常见并发症,致死率、致残率较高。近年来随着VTE各项预防措施的不断推广,VTE预防在髋膝关节置换术、髋部骨折手术中已获得了显著成果。脊柱外科手术复杂、创伤大,术后VTE是不可忽视的问题,但脊柱外科手术后VTE预防是目前临床工作的盲区。本文从流行病学、危险因素、诊断、预防、药物预防、评估量表等方面对脊柱外科手术后VTE的研究进展进行综述。

关键词：脊柱外科手术静脉血栓栓塞预防

An expert consensus on the evaluation and treatment of acute thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury in China

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第33期8卷 3077-3086页

作者： Zhicheng Zhang Fang Li tiansheng sun PLA Institute of Orthopedics Beijing Army General Hospital of Chinese PLA

This is an expert consensus on the evaluation and treatment of thoracolumbar spinal injury, estab- lished from February 2009 to July 2010. The expert consensus consists mainly of six parts with a total of 54 recommendations including the overview （one item）; pre-hospital care （one item）; evaluation and diagnosis （13 items）; treatment （23 items）; prevention and treatment of major com- plications （12 items）; and rehabilitation （four items）. This is the first time that Chinese experts have published a consensus on spine and spinal cord injury. The expert consensus was established based on Delphi methods, literature analysis, and clinical experiences. Each recommendation is supported by and was interpreted using multi-level evidences. The level of agreement with the rec- ommendation among the panel members was assessed as either low, moderate, or strong. Each panel member was asked to indicate his or her level of agreement on a 5-point scale, with ＂1＂ cor- respondJng to neutrality and ＂5＂ representJng maxJmum agreement. Scores were aggregated across the panel members and an arithmetic mean was calculated. This mean score was then translated into low, moderate, or strong. After all of the votes were collected and calculated, the results showed no low-level recommendations, 10 moderate-level recommendations, and 44 strong-level recom- mendations. An expert consensus was reached and was recognized by Chinese spine surgeons. Wide-scale adoption of these recommendations is urgent in the management of acute thora- columbar spine and spinal cord injury in a broader attempt to create a standard evaluation and treatment strategy for acute thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury in China.

关键词： neural regeneration spinal cord injury expert consensus thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury guidelines evidence-based medicine neurological function diagnosis treatment rehabilitation grant-supported paper neuroregeneration

Does repair of spinal cord injury follow the evolutionary theory?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第11期7卷 849-852页

作者： Zhicheng Zhang Fang Li tiansheng sun PLA Institute of Orthopedics Beijing Army General HospitalBeijing 100700China

Lower vertebrates, such as fish and amphibians, and higher vertebrates in embryonic development can acquire complete regeneration of complex body structures, including the spinal cord, an important part of the central nervous system. However, with species evolution and development, this regenerative capacity gradually weakens and even disappears, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We explored the differences in mechanisms of spinal cord regeneration capability between lower and higher vertebrates, investigated differences in their cellular and molecular mechanisms and between the spinal cord structures of lower vertebrates and mammals, such as rat and monkey, to search for theoretical evidence and therapeutic targets for nerve regeneration in human spinal cord.

关键词： spinal cord injury evolutionary theory lower vertebrates higher vertebrates mammals cell transplantation

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基于人机工程学的下肢外骨骼运动控制

江苏科技大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第2期38卷 41-46页

作者：包泓吴万毅刘芳华邵佳伟孙天圣狄澄王政江苏科技大学机械工程学院镇江212100

为避免外骨骼机器人髋关节和膝关节尺寸影响患者正常行走功能的恢复,踝尺寸对脚落地姿态的影响,提出一种基于人机工程学的外骨骼机器人运动控制方法.首先利用人机工程学对人体的参数进行收集,并以此构建适合人体尺寸、具有舒适穿戴的外... 详细信息

为避免外骨骼机器人髋关节和膝关节尺寸影响患者正常行走功能的恢复,踝尺寸对脚落地姿态的影响,提出一种基于人机工程学的外骨骼机器人运动控制方法.首先利用人机工程学对人体的参数进行收集,并以此构建适合人体尺寸、具有舒适穿戴的外骨骼模型架构,使外骨骼机器人满足穿戴人群差异化的需求;然后所构建的下肢外骨骼架构,建立外骨骼下肢末端的位姿并构建单肢三自由度机械腿的正向运动学方程,通过对机器人的步行计划,外骨骼机器人的实际步行过程由ADAMS进行模拟,验证人体行走时两腿各关节扭矩的变化规律;最后为了验证该方法在关节速度控制中的优越性和有效性,选择模糊PID进行控制.

关键词：人机工程下肢外骨骼机器人运功控制模糊PID

Treadmill step training promotes spinal cord neural plasticity after incomplete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第27期8卷 2540-2547页

作者： tiansheng sun Chaoqun Ye Jun Wu Zhicheng Zhang Yanhua Cai Feng Yue Department of Orthopedics Beijing Army General Hospital Department of Rehabilitation Beijing Physical Education Institute

A large body of evidence shows that spinal circuits are significantly affected by training, and that intrinsic circuits that drive locomotor tasks are located in lumbosacral spinal segments in rats with complete spinal cord transection. However, after incomplete lesions, the effect of treadmil training has been debated, which is likely because of the difficulty of separating spontaneous stepping from specific training-induced effects. In this study, rats with moderate spinal cord contusion were sub-jected to either step training on a treadmil or used in the model （control） group. The treadmil training began at day 7 post-injury and lasted 20 ± 10 minutes per day, 5 days per week for 10 weeks. The speed of the treadmil was set to 3 m/min and was increased on a daily basis according to the tolerance of each rat. After 3 weeks of step training, the step training group exhibited a sig-nificantly greater improvement in the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score than the model group. The expression of growth-associated protein-43 in the spinal cord lesion site and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive ventral neurons in the second lumbar spinal segment were greater in the step training group than in the model group at 11 weeks post-injury, while the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in the spinal cord lesion site showed no difference between the two groups. These results suggest that treadmil training significantly improves functional re-covery and neural plasticity after incomplete spinal cord injury.

关键词： neural regeneration spinal cord injury neurorehabilitation incomplete spinal cord injury treadmilltraining spinal cord plasticity growth-associated protein-43 tyrosine hydroxylase function recovery grants-supported paper neuroregeneration