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Cell-Type Identification in the Autonomic Nervous System

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第1期35卷 145-155页

作者： Di-Shi Liu tian-le xu Department of Anatomy and Physiology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

The autonomic nervous system controls various internal organs and executes crucial functions through sophisticated neural connectivity and circuits. Its dysfunction causes an imbalance of homeostasis and numerous human disorders. In the past decades, great efforts have been made to study the structure and functions of this system, but so far, our understanding of the classification of autonomic neuronal subpopulations remains limited and a precise map of their connectivity has not been *** of the major challenges that hinder rapid progress in these areas is the complexity and heterogeneity of autonomic neurons. To facilitate the identification of neuronal subgroups in the autonomic nervous system, here we review the well-established and cutting-edge technologies that are frequently used in peripheral neuronal tracing and profiling, and discuss their operating mechanisms, advantages, and targeted applications.

关键词： Autonomic nervous system Neuronal tracing Genetic marker Molecular profiling Cell-type diversity

Unraveling the Mechanisms of Memory Extinction

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第2期34卷 385-388页

作者： Shao-Ling Han tian-le xu Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Department of Anatomy and Physiology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

Memory is a crucial biological function conserved across almost all *** established and consolidated,a memory is considered stable and long-lasting unless it is disrupted or manipulated by behavioral,physical,or chemi... 详细信息

关键词： Extinction Memory Acid-sensing Ion Channel 1a (ASIC1a) Basolateral Amygdala Acquired Fear Memory Host Neurons

Invasive bark beetle-associated microbes degrade a host defensive monoterpene

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Insect Science 2016年第2期23卷 183-190页

作者： le-tian xu Min Lu Jiang-Hua Sun State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Conifers respond to herbivore attack with defensive chemicals, which are toxic to both insects and their associated microorganisms. Microorganisms associated with insects have been widely reported to metabolize toxic chemicals, which may help both microorganisms and host insects overcome host conifer defense. Dendroctonus valens leConte, an introduced exotic pest from North America to China, has killed millions of healthy pines. Alpha-pinene is the most abundant defensive monoterpene in Chinese Pinus tabuliformis. Although microorganisms associated with D. valens have already been investigated, little is known about their bioactivities when encountering host defensive monoterpenes. In this study, we evaluated the influences of different concentrations ofα- pinene to D. valens and the three most frequently isolated yeasts and bacteria ofD. valens, and further assayed microorganisms＇ capabilities to degrade α-pinene. Results showed that the gallery lengths and body weight changes of bark beetles were significantly affected by 6 mg/mL and 12 mg/mL of α-pinene applied in media compared to controls. The tolerance of experimental microorganisms to α-pinene varied depending on the microbial species. Two out of three yeast strains and all three bacterial strains degraded 20%-50% of α-pinene compared to controls in 24 h in vitro. The microorganisms capable of α-pinene degradation in vitro and their tolerance to high levels ofα-pinene suggested that D. valens- associated microorganisms may help both microorganisms and the bark beetle overcome host α-pinene defense.

关键词： α-pinene associated microorganisms Dendroctonus valens

Comparison of water quality in two catchments with different forest types in the headwater region of the Hun River, Northeast China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 565-576页

作者： Jiao-jun Zhu Li-zhong Yu tian-le xu Xiaohua Wei Kai Yang CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingyuan Forest CERN Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of British Columbia (Okanagan Campus)

In the headwater catchments of the Hun River,Northeast China, secondary forests(SF) have been replaced by plantations since the 1960 s. Concern has been growing over this loss and the decline in water quality caused by the plantations. To test the effects of plantations on water quality, we selected two separate catchments covered by SF and Pinus koraiensis plantations(KP) to monitor physical and chemical properties of various hydrological variables including throughfall, stemflow,through-litterfall and runoff(flowing out of outlets of the catchments). The physical properties of water declined after water flowed through the two catchments as compared with rainwater. The pH of runoff in both catchments also dramatically decreased. The concentrations of Cl^-, NO_3^- and NH_4^+ in the runoff from the two catchments were similar(concentrations of Cl-and NH_4^+ in both catchments were similar to those in rainwater). Total P concentration in runoff of the SF catchment was higher than that of the KP catchment(P concentrations in both catchments were also higher than in rainwater) because P concentrations in litter and soil of the SF catchment were higher than those in the KP catchment. In summary, the rainwater became acidic in both catchments, but the responses of most water quality variables were similar in the two catchments, suggesting that appropriate ratios of KP in SF are feasible for secondary forest recovery and for preserving water quality(KP did not cause a decline in quality) in the headstream regions in Northeast of China.

关键词： Forested catchments Secondary forests Plantations Water quality

Emerging approaches to probing ion channel structure and function

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2012年第4期28卷 351-374页

作者： Wei-Guang Li tian-le xu Neuroscience Division Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyInstitute of Medical SciencesShanghaiJiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

Ion channels,as membrane proteins,are the sensors of the *** act as the first line of communication with the world beyond the plasma membrane and transduce changes in the external and internal environments into unique electrical signals to shape the responses of excitable *** of their importance in cellular communication,ion channels have been intensively studied at the structural and functional ***,we summarize the diverse approaches,including molecular and cellular,chemical,optical,biophysical,and computational,used to probe the structural and functional rearrangements that occur during channel activation（or sensitization）,inactivation（or desensitization）,and various forms of *** emerging insights into the structure and function of ion channels by multidisciplinary approaches allow the development of new pharmacotherapies as well as new tools useful in controlling cellular activity.

关键词： ion channel structure and function mutagenesis covalent modification voltage-clamp fluorometry computational chemistry

Targeting neuroplasticity in neurodegenerative diseases stimulation techniques

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第4期9卷 558-567页

作者： Ti-Fei Yuan Wei-Guang Li Chencheng Zhang Hongjiang Wei Suya Sun Nan-Jie xu Jun Liu tian-le xu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200030China Co-lnnovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu 226001China Center for Brain Science Shanghai Children's Medical Centerand Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Department of Functional Neurosurgery Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Institute for Medical Imaging Technology School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

Deficits in synaptic transmission and plasticity are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease(AD)and Parkinson's disease(PD).Several brain stimulation techniques are currently available to assess or modulate human neuroplasticity,which could offer clinically useful interventions as well as quantitative diagnostic and prognostic *** this review,we discuss several brain stimulation techniques,with a special emphasis on transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation(DBS),and review the results of clinical studies that applied these techniques to examine or modulate impaired neuroplasticity at the local and network levels in patients with AD or *** impaired neuroplasticity can be detected in patients at the earlier and later stages of both neurodegenerative ***,current brain stimulation techniques,with a notable exception of DBS for PD treatment,cannot serve as adequate clinical tools to assist in the diagnosis,treatment,or prognosis of individual patients with AD or *** the impaired neuroplasticity with improved brain stimulation techniques could offer a powerful novel approach for the treatment of AD and PD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease Synapse Neurotransmitter Synaptic plasticity Brain stimulation Deep brain stimulation Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Proton production,regulation and pathophysiological roles in the mammalian brain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2012年第1期28卷 1-13页

作者： Wei-Zheng Zeng tian-le xu Neuroscience Division Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology Institute of Medical Sciences ShanghaiJiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 China Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences ChineseAcademy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China

The recent demonstration of proton signaling in C. elegans muscle contraction suggests a novel mechanism for proton-based intercellular communication and has stimulated enthusiasm for exploring proton signaling in higher organ- isms. Emerging evidence indicates that protons are produced and regulated in localized space and time. Furthermore, identification of proton regulators and sensors in the brain leads to the speculation that proton production and regulation may be of major importance for both physiological and pathological functions ranging from nociception to learning and memory. Extracellular protons may play a role in signal transmission by not only acting on adjacent ceils hut also af- fecting the cell from which they were released. In this review, we summarize the upstream and downstream pathways of proton production and regulation in the mammalian brain, with special emphasis on the proton extruders and sensors that are critical in the homeostatic regulation of pH, and discuss their potential roles in proton signaling under normal and pathophysiological conditions.

关键词： proton extruders proton sensors pH homeostasis proton signaling pH microdomains local accumulation

Postsynaptic Targeting and Mobility of Membrane Surface-Localized hASIC1a

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2021年第2期37卷 145-165页

作者： Xing-lei Song Di-Shi Liu Min Qiang Qian Li Ming-Gang Liu Wei-Guang Li Xin Qi Nan-Jie xu Guang Yang Michael Xi Zhu tian-le xu Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Department of Anatomy and Physiology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Shanghai 201210China Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA

Acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs),the main H^(+)receptors in the central nervous system,sense extracellular pH fluctuations and mediate cation ***1a,the major subunit responsible for acid-activated current,is widely expressed in brain neurons,where it plays pivotal roles in diverse functions including synaptic transmission and ***,the underlying molecular mechanisms for these functions remain *** extracellular epitope tagging and a novel antibody recognizing the hASIC1a ectodomain,we examined the membrane targeting and dynamic trafficking of hASIC1a in cultured cortical *** hASIC1a was distributed throughout somata and dendrites,clustered in spine heads,and co-localized with postsynaptic *** extracellular pHluorin tagging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching,we detected movement of hASIC1a in synaptic spine ***-particle tracking along with use of the anti-hASIC1a ectodomain antibody revealed long-distance migration and local movement of surface hASIC1a puncta on ***,enhancing synaptic activity with brain-derived neurotrophic factor accelerated the trafficking and lateral mobility of *** this newly-developed toolbox,our data demonstrate the synaptic location and high dynamics of functionallyrelevant hASIC1a on the surface of excitatory synapses,supporting its involvement in synaptic functions.

关键词： ASIC1a Surface labeling Visualization Membrane trafficking Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Synaptic function

Input associativity underlies fear memory renewal

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National Science Review 2021年第9期8卷 121-136页

作者： Wei-Guang Li Yan-Jiao Wu xue Gu Hui-Ran Fan Qi Wang Jia-Jie Zhu Xin Yi Qin Wang Qin Jiang Ying Li Ti-Fei Yuan Han xu Jiangteng Lu Nan-Jie xu Michael Xi Zhu tian-le xu Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Anatomy and Physiology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology Mc Govern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Synaptic associativity, a feature of Hebbian plasticity wherein coactivation of two inputs onto the same neuron produces synergistic actions on postsynaptic activity, is a primary cellular correlate of associative learning. However, whether and how synaptic associativity are implemented into context-dependent relapse of extinguished memory(i.e. fear renewal) is unknown. Here, using an auditory fear conditioning paradigm in mice, we show that fear renewal is determined by the associativity between convergent inputs from the auditory cortex(ACx) and ventral hippocampus(v HPC) onto the lateral amygdala(LA) that reactivate ensembles engaged during learning. Fear renewal enhances synaptic strengths of both ACx to LA and the previously unknown v HPC to LA monosynaptic inputs. While inactivating either of the afferents abolishes fear renewal, optogenetic activation of their input associativity in the LA recapitulates fear renewal. Thus, input associativity underlies fear memory renewal.

关键词： fear renewal memory ensembles input associativity long-term potentiation ventral hippocampus auditory cortex lateral amygdala