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How far have we come?Review of main public policies to reduce landslide impacts in Brazil

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2891-2904页

作者： Bianca Carvalho VIEIRA tiago Damas martins Telma Mendes da SILVA JoséEduardo BONINI Department of Geography University of São PauloAvenida Professor Lineu Prestes 05508-000Brazil Cities Institute Federal University of São PauloAvenida Jacu-Pêssego 08260-001Brazil Department of Geography Federal University of Rio de JaneiroAvenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 21941-916Brazil

During the rainy season in Brazil,landslides can have catastrophic consequences,including loss of life,damage to urban infrastructure and significant economic ***,more than eight million people in Brazil live in disaster-prone *** objective of this article is to present a chronological review of the principal policies and programmes at the national,state,and municipal levels,with an emphasis on their key actions aimed at mitigating the impact of disasters related to natural hazards,particularly *** analysis was based on official records of public policies from the national,state,and municipal *** results show that several initiatives were initially developed at the local and regional ***,it was not until the late 1980s that a comprehensive organisation of civil protection at the national level emerged as a response *** is possible to highlight three phases(understanding,coexistence,and prevention)of institutional action focused on risk management in the face of *** the growing knowledge of risk scenarios,disasters continue to occur in Brazil on an annual basis,revealing several obstacles to reducing their impact,particularly given the social and economic disparities between Brazilian regions and the applicability of public policies that must overcome the limitations of each municipality.

关键词： Disasters Risk Mitigation Prevention Legislation Civil Defense Natural Hazards

Spatiotemporal dynamics in butterfly hybrid zones

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 328-353页

作者： Ananda R.pereira martins Natalie B.Warren W.Owen McMillan Rowan D.H.Barrett Redpath Museum McGill University859 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebecCanada Smithsonian Tropical ResearchInstitute GamboaPanama CityPanama

Evaluating whether hybrid zones are stable or mobile can provide novelinsights for evolution and conservation biology. Butterflies exhibit high sensitivity to envi-ronmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hybrid zoneorigins and maintenance. Here, we review the literature exploring butterfly hybrid zones,with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms thatcould lead to their movement or stability. We then compare different lines of evidenceused to investigate hybrid zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses ofeach approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated withthe stability or mobility of butterfly hybrid zones by synthesizing evidence obtained us-ing different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, wediscuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, therelevance of hybrid zones for conservation biology, and recommend key topics for futureinvestigation.

关键词： butterflies human impacts hybrid zones movement spatiotemporaldynamics stability

ENSO impacts on litter stocks and water holding capacity in secondary forests in eastern Amazonia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 83-89页

作者： Julia Isabella de Matos Rodrigues Walmer Bruno Rocha martins Victor pereira de Oliveira Myriam Suelen da Silva Wanzerley Hélio Brito dos Santos Júnior Francisco de Assis Oliveira Graduate Program in Forestry Sciences Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil Federal Rural University of Amazonia Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil Federal Rural University of Amazonia Tv.Pau-AmareloCapitão PoçoPará68650-000Brazil National Institute of Amazonia Research Av.Constelação Cruzeiro do SulManausAmazonas 69060-062Brazil

Among the impacts of climate change,there is the intensification of phenomena such as the El Niño South-ern Oscillation(ENSO)responsible for El Niño and La Niñ***,understanding their effects on the functional pro-cesses of forests is ***,this study evaluated the effects of ENSO on litter stock and water holding capac-ity(WHC)in a successional forest in eastern *** occurred in periods with the most rainfall in El Niño(2019)and least in La Niña(2021)*** permanent plots were used to sample *** effects were evident for WHC,higher during El Niñ***,this influence was not clear for litter,as only in the rainy season effects were *** was a positive correlation of WHC with precipitation and humidity,while litter stocks were negatively correlated with temperature and wind *** the subject of this study requires long-term assessments,preliminary results suggests that,depending on the intensity of ENSO,forest functional processes can be strongly impacted and *** conclusion reinforces warnings by the scientific community about the impacts of climate change on the maintenance of litter stocks,decomposition and,consequently,the biogeochemical cycle and essential ecosystem services for the maintenance of Amazonia *** need to develop long-term research to understand the effects of climatic change on litter stocks and water holding capacity is highlighted,especially in Amazonia.

关键词： Seasonality Climate change Succession ecosystem Biogeochemical cycle Amazonia biodiversity

Metabolic disease and the liver: A review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 33-40页

作者： Márcia Vargas Sheila de Castro Cardoso Toniasso Patricia G Riedel Camila pereira Baldin Francielle Lopes dos Reis Robson martins pereira Maria Carlota Borba Brum Dvora Joveleviths Mario Reis Alvares-da-Silva Program of Graduate Science in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90040-060Rio Grande do SulBrazil School of Medicine Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90040-060Brazil Program of Graduate Science in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinicas Hospital of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90410000Brazil Medicine Faculty Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90040-060Brazil Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinicas Hospital of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035007Brazil

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is the most common liver disease worldwide,with an estimated prevalence of 31%in Latin *** presence of metabolic comorbidities coexisting with liver disease varies substantially among *** is acknowledged that obesity is boosting the type 2 diabetes mellitus“epidemic,”and both conditions are significant contributors to the increasing number of patients with *** steatohepatitis represents a condition of chronic liver inflammation and is considered the most severe form of *** diagnosis is based on the presence of steatosis,noninvasive scores and altered liver *** scores of liver fibrosis,such as serum biomarkers,which should be used in primary care to rule out advanced fibrosis,are simple,inexpensive,and widely ***,guidelines from international hepatology societies recommend using noninvasive strategies to simplify case finding and management of high-risk patients with MASLD in clinical ***,there is no definite pharmacological treatment for the *** public health policies to treat patients with risk factors for MASLD prevention is essential.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Primary care Metabolic risk Liver Metabolism

Comparison of Surgical Techniques Used in Treating Acromioclavicular Dislocation in Patients Participating in Sports: A Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期14卷 41-52页

作者： Walter Hugo Brandão Nascimento Paulo Renan Matos Sucupira Cunha João Pedro Pimentel Abreu Lethycia pereira Rosa Kamilly Iêda Silva Veigas Rodrigo martins Silva Caetano Orthopedic and Trauma Surgeon Brazilian Army Rio de Janeiro Brazil Orthopedic and Trauma Surgeon S&atildeo Luís Brazil Scholarship Holder National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) S&atildeo Luís Brazil School of Medicine Federal University of Maranh&atildeo (UFMA) S&atildeo Luís Brazil Orthopedic and Trauma Surgeon Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Specialist University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranh&atildeo (HUUFMA/EBSERH) S&atildeo Luís Brazil

Introduction: The acromioclavicular joint is a superficial diarthrodial joint that surrounds the medial articular facet of the acromion and the distal portion of the clavicle. Due to its anatomy and biomechanics, it is highly susceptible to trauma and in young men who play contact sports, acromioclavicular dislocation is common. This article aimed to systematically review the literature and compare the surgical techniques used in the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation in patients who practice sports. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the International Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eligible studies for this systematic review included articles in English or Spanish published between 2013 and 2023, which mention the occurrence of acromioclavicular dislocation during sports practices. Additionally, only studies that addressed the surgical treatment of acromion-clavicular dislocation and contained original data on the topic were included. Results: We found 144 eligible studies after searching the LILACS and PubMed databases. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the reviewers’ consensus, we selected four studies for the systematic review. 133 patients with AC joint displacement were evaluated. Mean Age: approximately 31.90 years. 81.92 of these injuries occurred during sports practice. Surgical Procedures Used: titanium plates fixation (49 patients), arthroscopy (24), single tunnel technique (30) and coracoid sling technique (30). The results of the visual analog scale and Constant-Murley scores varied between the techniques used. Twenty-two complications after surgical treatment were identified. Conclusion: A significant variability of operative techniques can be used in the surgical approach of acromioclavicular dislocation, such as arthroscopy, single tunnel, coracoid sling and titanium plates. Although it presented excellent functional results compared to the other three tech

关键词： Acromioclavicular Joint Shoulder Dislocation Surgical Procedure Postoperative Complications Postoperative Care

Chemical-Abrasion U-Pb zircon geochronology reveals 150 Myr of partial melting events in the Archean crust of the São Francisco Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第5期13卷 169-189页

作者： Lorena martins Cristiano Lana Ariela Mazoz tiago Novo Applied Isotope Research Group Departamento de GeologiaEscola de MinasUniversidade Federal de Ouro PretoMorro do CruzeiroOuro PretoMG35400-000Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Programa de Pós-Graduação em GeologiaIGC-CPMTCCampus PampulhaAv.Antônio Carlos 6627Belo HorizonteMG31270-901Brazil

Field observations and CA-LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon ages and Hf isotope compositions obtained from migmatitic orthogneisses and granitoids from the Belo Horizonte Complex,southern São Francisco Craton,indicate a major period of partial melting and production of felsic rocks in the *** observations show that the complex is an important site for studying partial melting processes of Archean crystalline *** of the complex exposes fine-grained stromatic migmatites that are intruded by multiple leucogranitic veins and sheeted *** migmatites and leucogranite sheets are crosscut by several phases of granitoid batholiths and small granitic bodies;both of which are closely associated with the host banded *** abrasion followed by detailed cathodoluminescence imaging revealed a wide variety of zircon textures that are consistent with a long-lived period of partial melting and crustal *** of U-Pb and Hf isotopes disclose the complex as part of a much wider crustal segment,encompassing the entire southern part of the São Francisco *** of available U-Pb ages suggests that this crustal segment was consolidated sometime between 3000 Ma and 2900 Ma and that it experienced three main episodes of partial melting before stabilization at 2600 *** partial melting episodes took place between 2750 Ma and 2600 Ma as a result of tectonic accretion and peeling off the lithospheric mantle and lower *** process is likely responsible for the emplacement of voluminous potassic granitoids across the entire São Francisco *** believe that the partial melting of Meso-Archean crystalline crust and production of potassic granitoids are linked to a fundamental shift in the tectonics of the craton,which was also responsible for the widespread intrusion of large syenitic bodies in the northern part of the craton,and the construction of layered mafic–ultramafic intrusions to the south of the BHC.

关键词： Archean São Francisco Craton Crustal reworking U-Pb geochronology Lu-Hf isotopes

Structural Optimization of Metal and Polymer Ore Conveyor Belt Rollers

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第12期133卷 601-618页

作者： Joao Pedro Ceniz Rodrigo de Sá martins Marco Antonio Luersen tiago Cousseau Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Technology-Parana(UTFPR)Curitiba81280-340Brazil

Ore conveyor belt rollers operate in harsh environments,making them prone to premature *** service lives are highly dependent on the stress field and bearing misalignment angle,for which limit values are defined in a *** this work,an optimization methodology using metamodels based on radial basis functions is implemented to reduce themass of twomodels of *** a structural point of view,one of the rollers ismade completely of metal,while the other also has some components made of polymeric *** objective of this study is to develop and apply a parametric structural optimization methodology to minimize the mass of the two models of *** represent the mechanical behavior of the rollers,simulations were performed using the finite element *** the numerical optimization process,the variable parameters were the dimensions of the shaft and external *** geometric configuration that corresponded at the same time to the lowest mass and acceptable ranges for the stress and bearingmisalignment angle was *** the proposed methodology,a 32.3% reduction in mass was obtained for a metal roller design and an 18.9% reduction for a polymer *** both cases,the constraints were not *** the all-metal roller,the safety factors for the maximum stress and bearingmisalignment angle were 1.44 and 1.75,respectively,while for the polymer roller the corresponding figures were 1.50 and *** work describes a low-computational-cost optimization methodology for roller designs that have been little studied in the ***,the methodology could be adapted for use with other types of rollers and rollers made of different materials.

关键词： Conveyor belt rollers structural optimization surrogate models radial basis functions

Vertical stratification of bat assemblages in flooded and unflooded Amazonian forests

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 469-478页

作者： Maria Joo Ramos pereira Joo tiago MARQUES Jorge M.PALMEIRIM Centro de Biologia Ambiental Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel Mamirau

Tropical rainforests usually have multiple strata that results in a vertical stratification of ecological opportunities foranimals. We investigated if this stratification influences the way bats use the vertical space in flooded and unflooded forests of theCentral Amazon. Using mist-nets set in the canopy (17 to 35 m high) and in the understorey (0 to 3 m high) we sampled four sitesin upland unflooded forests (terra firme), three in forests seasonally flooded by nutrient-rich water (varzea), and three in forestsseasonally flooded by nutrient-poor water (igapo). Using rarefaction curves we found that species richness in the understorey andcanopy were very similar. An ordination analysis clearly separated the bat assemblages of the canopy from those of the understorey inboth flooded and unflooded habitats. Gleaning carnivores were clearly associated with the understorey, whereas frugivores wereabundant in both strata. Of the frugivores, Carollinae and some Stenodermatinae were understorey specialists, but several Stenodermatinaemostly used the canopy. The first group mainly includes species that, in general, feed on fruits of understorey shrubs,whereas the second group feed on figs and other canopy fruits. We conclude that vertical stratification in bat communities occurseven within forests with lower canopy heights, such as Amazonian seasonally flooded forests, and that the vertical distribution ofbat species is closely related to their diet and foraging behaviour.

关键词： Amazon Bats Chiroptera Vertical stratification Floodplain

Towards the automation of book typesetting

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Visual Informatics 2023年第2期7卷 1-12页

作者： Sérgio M.Rebelo tiago martins Diogo Ferreira Artur Rebelo University of Coimbra Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of CoimbraDepartment of Informatics EngineeringCoimbraPortugal

This paper proposes a generative approach for the automatic typesetting of books in desktop *** presented system consists in a computer script that operates inside a widely used design software tool and implements a generative process based on several typographic rules,styles and principles which have been identified in the *** performance of the proposed system is tested through an experiment which included the evaluation of its outputs with *** results reveal the ability of the system to consistently create varied book designs from the same input content as well as visually coherent book designs with different contents while complying with fundamental typographic principles.

关键词： Design tools Data-driven design Generative design Graphic design Typography