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Uncovering the uncertainty: Risk factors and clinical relevance of P1 lesions on small bowel capsule endoscopy of anemic patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第38期22卷 8568-8575页

作者： tiago Cúrdia Gon?alves Mara Barbosa Bruno Rosa Maria Jo?o Moreira josé Cotter Gastroenterology department Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira School of Health Sciences University of Minho ICVS/3B’s PT Government Associate Laboratory

AIM To identify risk factors for P1 lesions on small bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE) and to describe the natural history of anemic patients with such type of *** One hundred patients were consecutively selected for a case-control analysis performed between 37 cases with P1 lesions and 63 controls with negative SBCE. Age, gender, comorbidities and regular medication were collected. Rebleeding, further investigational studies and death were also analyzed during the *** No significant differences on gender, median age or Charlson index were found between groups. Although no differences were found on the use of proton pump inhibitors, acetylsalicylic acid, anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents, the use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAID) was associated with a higher risk of P1 lesions(OR = 12.00, 95%CI: 1.38-104.1). From the 87 patients followed at our center, 39 were submitted to additional studies for investigation of iron-deficiency anemia(IDA), and this was significantly more common in those patients with no findings on SBCE(53.7% vs 30.3%, P = 0.033). A total of 29 patients had at least one rebleeding or IDA recurrence episode and 9 patients died of non-anemia related causes but no differences were found between cases and *** P1 lesions are commonly found in patients with IDA submitted to SBCE. The use of NSAID seems to be a risk factor for P1 lesions. The outcomes of patients with P1 lesions do not differ significantly from those with P0 lesions or normal SBCE.

关键词： P1 lesions Iron-deficiency anemia Small bowel capsule endoscopy Risk factors Rebleeding

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development and characterization of 3CaO·P_(2)O_(5)-SiO_(2)-MgO glass-ceramics with different crystallization degree

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013年第4期2卷 378-388页

作者： Juliana Kelmy M.F.DAGUANO Paulo A.SUZUKI Kurt STRECKER joséMartinho Marques de oliveira Maria Helena Figueira Vaz FERNANdeS Claudinei SANTOS Universidade de São Paulo-Escola de Engenharia de Lorena USP-EEL-Pólo Urbo-Industrials/nGleba AI-6Lorena-SPCEP 12600-000Brazil Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei -UFSJ-CENENCampus S^(to)Antônio-Praça Frei Orlando 170-CentroS.J.del-Rei-MG.CEP 36307-352Brazil Escola Superior Aveiro Norte Edifício Rainha3720-232 O.AzeméisPortugal Universidade de Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 AveiroPortugal Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-Faculdade de Tecnologia de Resende-UERJ-FAT-Rod.Presidente Dutra km298Resende-RJCEP 27537-000Brazil

The CaO-P_(2)O_(5)-SiO_(2)-MgO system presents several compounds used as biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite(HA),tricalcium phosphate(TCP)and TCP with magnesium substituting partial calcium(TCMP).Theβ-TCMP phase with whitlockite structure has interesting biological features and mechanical properties,meeting the requirements of a bioactive material for bone *** this work,the production of Mg-doped TCP,β-TCMP,has been investigated by crystallization from a glass composed of 52.75 wt%3CaO·P_(2)O_(5),30 wt%SiO_(2)and 17.25 wt%MgO(i.e.,31.7 mol%CaO,10.6 mol%P_(2)O_(5),26.6 mol%MgO and 31.1 mol%SiO_(2))using heat treatments between 775℃and 1100℃for up to 8 *** devitrification process of the glass has been accompanied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD),relative density and bending strength *** characterization by HRXRD and DSC revealed the occurrence of whitlockite soon after the bulk glass preparation,a transient non-cataloged silicate between 800℃and 1100℃,and the formation of diopside in samples treated at 1100℃as crystalline *** overall crystalline fraction varied from 26%to 70%depending on the heat ***,contraction of the a-axis lattice parameter and expansion of the c-axis lattice parameter of the whitlockite structure have been observed during the heat treatments,which were attributed to theβ-TCMP formation with the partial substitution of Ca^(2+)by Mg^(2+).Relative densities near 99%and 97%for the glass and glass-ceramics respectively indicated a discrete reduction as a function of the devitrification *** strengths of 70 MPa and 120 MPa were determined for the glass and glass-ceramic material crystallized at 975℃for 4 h,respectively.

关键词： glass-ceramics heat treatment high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD) bending strength

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A new heparin fragment decreases liver ischemia-reperfusion injury

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第2期21卷 190-192页

作者： Enio R Vasques Estela RR Figueira Joel A Rocha-Filho Cinthia Lanchotte Jorge LS Ximenes Helena B Nader Ivarne LS Tersariol Marcelo A Lima tiago Rodrigues joséEM Cunha Eleazar Chaib Luiz AC D’Albuquerque Flávio HF Galvão Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 37 Departamento de GastroenterologiaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSPFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 01246-903Brazil departamento de Gastroenterologia Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSPFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil Disciplina de Anestesiologia Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSPFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil departamento de Bioquimica Universidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloBrazil Universidade Federal do ABC Santo AndreSão PauloBrazil Serviço de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo Departamento de GastroenterologiaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSPFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil

To the Editor:Ischemia-reperfusion injury following surgery and transplantation can lead to irreversible multiorgan *** calcium overload is associated to cellular death during ischemiareperfusion.A recently discovered heparin fragment (HF),trisulfated disaccharide (TD),that acts on sodium-calcium exchanger(NCX) decreasing intracellular Ca^(2+),showed effectiveness on protecting hepatocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury [1].

关键词： irreversible heparin injury

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Direct Electrochemical determination of Glyphosate Herbicide Using a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Black and Niobium Nanoparticles

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2023年第4期7卷 425-434页

作者： Julia oliveira Fernandes Cassiano Augusto Rolim Bernardino Juliana dos Santos Fernandes Claudio Fernando Mahler Bernardo Ferreira Braz Luiz Henrique Carpenter dos Santos Rodrigo joséCorrêa Ricardo Erthal Santelli Braulio Soares Archanjo Emerson Schwingel Ribeiro Fernando Henrique Cincotto departament of Analytical Chemistry Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 21941-909Brazil departament of Civil Engineering COPPEFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 21941-598Brazil National Institute of Science&Technology of Bioanalytics(INCTBio) CampinasSão Paulo 13083-862Brazil departament of Inorganic Chemistry Institute of ChemistryFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 21941-909Brazil Unesp National Institute of Alternative Technologies for DetectionToxicological Assessment and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives(INCT-DATREM)AraraquaraSão Paulo 14800-060Brazil National Institute of Metrology Quality and TechnologyInmetroAv.Nossa Senhora das Graças50XerémDuque de Caxias 25250-020Brazil

Glyphosate is a herbicide that has been widely used worldwide and is used in agricultural areas to control weeds and unwanted *** sensors developed from different nanomaterials have high efficiency,excellent cost-benefit,and fast analysis time for detecting traces of environmental *** study aimed to produce an electrochemical sensor with disposable screen-printed electrodes based on carbon black modified with niobium nanoparticles to determine glyphosate in aqueous *** morphology,structure and electrochemical performance of the sensor were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and cyclic *** pulse voltammetry in BR buffer solution at pH 5.0 allowed the generation of a method to quantify glyphosate concentration in a linear range of 5.90-172.30μmol/L(1.00-29.13μg/mL),with a limit of detection calculated at 3.07μmol/L(0.52μg/mL).The method efficiently quantified glyphosate in real water samples and showed no interference from K^(+),Na^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)ions or thiamethoxam,imidacloprid and carbendazim pesticides.

关键词： Glyphosate Electrochemical sensor Carbon black Niobium nanoparticles

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Synergistic Antioxidant Activity in Brazilian Propolis Extract Blends: An in Vitro Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第4期14卷 385-400页

作者： josé Dilson Francisco da Silva Suslin Raatz Thiel Sabrina Somacal Fernanda Cristina Breda Pimpernelli Jonco dos Santos Osmar Damian Prestes Renato Zanella Renius de oliveira Mello department of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Brazil department of Animal Science Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Brazil department of Chemistry Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Brazil

A simplex-lattice mixture design with response surface methodology was used to evaluate in vitro synergistic antioxidant activity of red, green, and brown Brazilian propolis extract blends. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of propolis extract blends was measured using the fluorine method of oxygen radical absorption capacity assay (ORAC assay). A synergistic antioxidant interaction was identified between green and brown propolis extracts, and the predictive model accused a binary mixture composed of 59% green and 41% brown propolis extracts with increased antioxidant activity of about 54%. Our findings suggest a possible reduction in the dosages of these natural antioxidants in their various potential applications, including health and food, thereby proving to be a highly promising alternative for the rational use and valorization of propolis.

关键词： Green Propolis Red Propolis Natural Antioxidants Food Additives Mixture Modeling

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Neutrophile-to-lymphocyte,lymphocyte-to-monocyte,and platelet-tolymphocyte ratios as prognostic and response biomarkers for resectable locally advanced gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第7期14卷 1307-1323页

作者： tiago Cruz Tomás Ines Eiriz Marina Vitorino Rodrigo Vicente Joao Gramaca Alicia Guadalupe oliveira Paulo Luz Mafalda Baleiras Ana Sofia Spencer Luísa Leal Costa Patrícia Liu Joana Mendonca Magno Dinis Teresa Padrao Marisol Correia Goncalo Atalaia Michelle Silva Teresa Fiúza department of Medical Oncology Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca EPEAmadora 2720-276Portugal department of Medical Oncology Centro Hospitalar Barreiro-Montijo EPEBarreiro 2830-003Portugal department of Medical Oncology Hospital do Espírito Santo deÉvora EPEÉvora 7000-811Portugal department of Medical Oncology Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve EPEAlgarve 8000-386Portugal department of Medical Oncology Hospital São Francisco XavierCentro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental EPELisboa 1449-005Portugal department of Medical Oncology Hospital Santo António dos CapuchosCentro Hospital Lisboa Central EPELisboa 1169-050Portugal department of Medical Oncology Hospital BeatrizÂngeloLoures 2674-514Portugal department of Medical Oncology Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro EPEVila Real 5000-508Portugal department of Medical Oncology Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira EPEGuimarães 4835-044Portugal department of Medical Oncology Hospital Garcia de Orta EPEAlmada 2805-267Portugal department of Medical Oncology Hospital da LuzLisboa 1500-650Portugal department of Medical Oncology Hospital Distrital de Santarém EPESantarém 2005-177Portugal

BACKGROUND Perioperative fluorouracil plus leucovorin,oxaliplatin,and docetaxel(FLOT)improves prognosis in locally advanced gastric cancer(LAGC).Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte(NLR),lymphocyte-tomonocyte(LMR),and platelet-to-lymphocyte(PLR)ratios are prognostic biomarkers but not predictive *** To assess blood ratios’(NLR,LMR and PLR)potential predictive response to FLOT and survival outcomes in resectable LAGC *** This was a multicentric retrospective study investigating the clinical potential of NLR,LMR,and PLR in resectable LAGC patients,treated with at least one preoperative FLOT cycle,from 12 Portuguese *** were compared through non-parametric Mann-Whitney *** operating characteristic curve analysis defined the cut-off values as:High PLR>141 for progression and>144 for mortality;high LMR>3.56 for T stage regression(TSR).Poisson and Cox regression models the calculated relative risks/hazard ratios,using NLR,pathologic complete response,TSR,and tumor regression grade(TRG)as independent variables,and overall survival(OS)as the dependent *** This study included 295 patients(mean age,63.7 years;59.7% males).NLR was correlated with survival time(r=0.143,P=0.014).PLR was associated with systemic progression during FLOT(P=0.022)and mortality(P=0.013),with high PLR patients having a 2.2-times higher risk of progression[95% confidence interval(CI):0.89-5.26]and 1.5-times higher risk of mortality(95%CI:0.92-2.55).LMR was associated with TSR,and high LMR patients had a 1.4-times higher risk of achieving TSR(95%CI:1.01-1.99).OS benefit was found with TSR(P=0.015)and partial/complete TRG(Pdence of pathological response had 2.1-times(95%CI:1.14-3.96)and 2.8-times(95%CI:1.6-5)higher risk of *** Higher NLR is correlated with longer survival *** LMR patients have a higher risk of decreasing T stage,whereas high PLR patients have higher odds of progressing under FLOT a

关键词： Gastric cancer Perioperative fluorouracil plus leucovorin,oxaliplatin,and docetaxel Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Lymphocyte-to-monocyte Platelet-to-lymphocyte Tumor regression grade

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design of N-11-Azaartemisinins Potentially Active against Plasmodium falciparum by Combined Molecular Electrostatic Potential, Ligand-Receptor Interaction and Models Built with Supervised Machine Learning Methods

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2023年第1期14卷 1-29页

作者： Jeferson Stiver oliveira de Castro josé Ciríaco Pinheiro Sílvia Simone dos Santos de Morais Heriberto Rodrigues Bitencourt Antonio Florêncio de Figueiredo Marcos Antonio Barros dos Santos Fábio dos Santos Gil Ana Cecília Barbosa Pinheiro Instituto de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará Castanhal PA Brasil Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional Universidade Federal do Pará Belém PA Brasil Instituto Amazônia dos Saberes São Luís MA Brasil Universidade do Estado do Amapá Macapá AP Brasil Laboratório de Síntese Universidade Federal do Pará Belém PA Brasil Universidade do Estado do Pará Belém PA Brasil Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará Belém PA Brasil

N-11-azaartemisinins potentially active against Plasmodium falciparum are designed by combining molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), ligand-receptor interaction, and models built with supervised machine learning methods (PCA, HCA, KNN, SIMCA, and SDA). The optimization of molecular structures was performed using the B3LYP/6-31G* approach. MEP maps and ligand-receptor interactions were used to investigate key structural features required for biological activities and likely interactions between N-11-azaartemisinins and heme, respectively. The supervised machine learning methods allowed the separation of the investigated compounds into two classes: cha and cla, with the properties εLUMO+1 (one level above lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy), d(C6-C5) (distance between C6 and C5 atoms in ligands), and TSA (total surface area) responsible for the classification. The insights extracted from the investigation developed and the chemical intuition enabled the design of sixteen new N-11-azaartemisinins (prediction set), moreover, models built with supervised machine learning methods were applied to this prediction set. The result of this application showed twelve new promising N-11-azaartemisinins for synthesis and biological evaluation.

关键词： Antimalarial design MEP Ligand-Receptor Interaction Supervised Machine Learning Methods Models Built with Supervised Machine Learning Methods

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Double-blind evaluation of homeopathy on cocaine craving：a randomized controlled pilot study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第3期16卷 178-184页

作者： Ubiratan Cardinalli Adler Ana Carolina Acorinte Fernando oliveira Calzavara Adriano André da Silva Amarilys de Toledo Cesar Maristela Schiabel Adler Edson Zangiacomi Martinez josé Carlos Fernandes Galduróz department of Medicine Federal University of Sao Carlos Washington Luiz 235 Sao Carlos Sao Paulo 13565-905 Brazil Psychosocial Attention Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs Sao Sebastiao 3002 Soo Carlos Sao Paulo 13560-230 Brazil HN Cristiano Homeopathic Laboratory and Pharmacy Dr. Cesar 212 Sao Paulo Sao Paulo 02013-001 Brazil department of Social Medicine Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo Bandeirantes 3900. Ribeirao Preto Sao Paulo 14049-900 Brazi department of Psychobiology Federal University of Sao Paulo Napoleao de Barros 925 Sao Paulo SP 04024-002 Brazil

Background： Brazil is among the nations with the greatest rates of annual cocaine usage. Pharmacological treatment of cocaine addiction is still limited, opening space for nonconventional *** Q-potencies of opium and Erythroxylum coca have been tested in the integrative treatment of cocaine craving among homeless addicts, but this setting had not proven feasible, due to insufficient ***： This study investigates the effectiveness and tolerability of homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and E. coca in the integrative treatment of cocaine craving in a community-based psychosocial rehabilitation ***, setting, participants, and interventions： A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallelgroup, eight-week pilot trial was performed at the Psychosocial Attention Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs（CAPS-AD）, Sao Carlos/SP, Brazil. Eligible subjects included CAPS-AD patients between 18 and 65 years of age, with an International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis of cocaine dependence（F14.2）. The patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups： psychosocial rehabilitation plus homeopathic Q-potencies of opium and E. coca（homeopathy group）, and psychosocial rehabilitation plus indistinguishable placebo（placebo group）.Main outcome measures： The main outcome measure was the percentage of cocaine-using days. Secondary measures were the Minnesota Cocaine Craving Scale and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey *** events were reported in both ***： The study population comprised 54 patients who attended at least one post-baseline assessment,out of the 104 subjects initially enrolled. The mean percentage of cocaine-using days in the homeopathy group was 18.1%（standard deviation（SD）： 22.3%）, compared to 29.8%（SD： 30.6%） in the placebo group（P 〈0.01）. Analysis of the Minnesota Cocaine Craving Scale scores showed no between-group differences in the intensity of cravings, but results significantly favor

关键词： Homeopathy Cocaine-related disorders Clinical trial Opium Erythroxylum coca

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designing Artemisinins with Antimalarial Potential, Combining Molecular Electrostatic Potential, Ligand-Heme Interaction and Multivariate Models

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Computational Chemistry 2023年第1期11卷 1-23页

作者： josué de Jesus oliveira Araújo Ricardo Morais de Miranda Jeferson Stiver oliveira de Castro Antonio Florêncio de Figueiredo Ana Cecília Barbosa Pinheiro Sílvia Simone dos Santos Morais Marcos Antonio Barros dos Santos Andréia de Lourdes Ribeiro Pinheiro Andréia de Lourdes Ribeiro Pinheiro Fábio dos Santos Gil Heriberto Rodrigues Bitencourt Gustavo Nery Ramos Alves josé Ciríaco Pinheiro Laboratório de Química Teórica e Computacional Universidade Federal do Pará Belém PA Brasil Instituto Federal de Educaç &atilde o Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará Belém PA Brasil Universidade do Estado do Amapá Macapá AP Brasil Fundaç &atilde o Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará Belém PA Brasil Universidade do Estado do Pará Barcarena PA Brasil departamento de Biologia Universidade do Estado do Maranh&atilde o S&atilde o Luís MA Brasil Laboratório de Síntese Organica Universidade Federal do Pará Belém PA Brasil

Artemisinins tested against W-2 strains of malaria falciparum are investigated with molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), in an attempt to identify key features of the compounds that are necessary for their activities, as well as to investigate likely interactions with the receptor in a biological process and to use that information to propose new molecules. In order to discover the best geometry involving the ligand-receptor complexes (heme) studied and help in the proposition of the new derivatives, molecular simulations of interactions between the most negative charged region around the peroxide and heme locates (the ones around the Fe2+ ion) were carried out. In addition, PCA (principal components analysis), HCA (hierarchical cluster analysis), SDA (stepwise discriminant analysis), and KNN (K-nearest neighbor) multivariate models were employed to investigate which descriptors are responsible for the classification between the higher and lower antimalarial activity of the compounds, and also this information was used to propose new potentially active molecules. The information accumulated in studies of MEP, molecular docking, and multivariate analysis supported the proposal of new structures with potential antimalarial activities. The multivariate models constructed were applied to the new structures and indicated numbers 19 and 20 as the most prominent for syntheses and biological assays.

关键词： Artemisinins Antimalarial Potential Molecular Electrostatic Potential Ligand-Heme Interaction Multivariate Models

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Rainfall variability in the Brazilian northeast biomes and their interactions with meteorological systems and ENSO via CHELSA product

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Big Earth Data 2019年第4期3卷 315-337页

作者： Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho joséFrancisco de oliveira-Júnior Dimas de Barros Santiago Paulo Miguel de Bodas Terassi Paulo Eduardo Teodoro Givanildo de Gois Claudio joséCavalcante Blanco Pedro Henrique de Almeida Souza Micejane da Silva Costa Heliofábio Barros Gomes Paulo joséDos Santos Institute of Atmospheric Sciences(ICAT) Federal University of Alagoas(UFAL)MaceióBrazil Postgraduate Program in Biosystems Engineering(PGEB) Federal Fluminense University(UFF)NiteróiBrazil Postgraduate Program in Meteorology Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Atmosféricas(UACA)Federal Universityof Campina Grande(UFCG)Campina GrandeBrazil Postgraduate Program in Physical Geography University of São Paulo(USP)São PauloBrazil Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS) Chapadão do SulBrazil fSchool of Industrial Metallurgical Engineering of Volta Redonda Technological CenterUniversidade Federal Fluminense(UFF)Volta RedondaBrazil Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering(FAESA/ITEC) Federal University of Pará(UFPA)BelémBrazil

Brazilian biomes are home to a significant portion of the world’s biodiversity,with a total of 14%of existing species and still concentrate 20%of the world’s water ***,changes in biomes have a direct impact on rainfall patterns and water *** on this,the objective was to evaluate the variability of rainfall in the four existing biomes in the Northeast Brazil(NEB)and their interaction with the ENSO climate variability mode and regional scale meteorological systems via CHELSA *** this,monthly rainfall data were used from 1979 to 2013,with a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km of the CHELSA product,and seasonal and annual rainfall patterns were extracted via *** was found that the rainy season in the Amazon,Caatinga and Cerrado biomes occurred between January and April,with varying intensities,except for the Atlantic *** seasonality patterns are associated with the NEB meteorological systems,with emphasis on ITCZ(all Biomes),UTCV(Amazon,Caatinga and Cerrado),Frontal Systems(extreme south of Caatinga,Cerrado and Atlantic Forest)and EWD/TWD in the(Atlantic Forest).In the inter-annual scale,the remarkable influence of ENSO was verified,mainly in the years 1983,1985,1989,1993,1998,2009 and *** is noteworthy that 1985 was the wettest year of the period,with a surplus in all biomes,while the driest year differs between the Amazon(1983),Atlantic Forest and Caatinga(1993)and Cerrado(2012)*** study via orbital product in NEB showed that anthropogenic processes and natural variability interfere with the forms of rain interception in the biomes and hence in rainfall patterns and water recycling in NEB.

关键词： Phytophysiognomy rainfall inter-annual variability water recycling climate change land use and occupation

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