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母乳喂养与学龄前儿童的智力水平

世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第1期2卷 5-5页

作者： Slykerman R.F. thompson J.m.D. Becroft D.m.O. E.A. mitchell 张振 Department of Paediatrics University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand

Aim: To investigate whether breastfeeding during infancy is a determinant of i ntelligence at 3.5 y. methods: Five hundred and fifty European children enrolled at birth in the Auckland Birthweight Collaborative Study were assessed at 3.5 y of age. Approximately half were small for gestational age (SGA 10th percentile ). Duration of breastfeeding was recorded at maternal interview, and the intelli gence of children was assessed using the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale. Regr ession analysis was used to calculate estimates of difference in intelligence sc ores between breastfeeding groups for the total sample and the group of SGA chil dren. Analyses of the total sample were weighted to account for the disproportio nate sampling of SGA children. Results: Breastfeeding was not significantly rela ted to intelligence scores in the total sample despite a trend for longer period s of breastfeeding to be associated with higher intelligence scores. However, in the SGA group, breastfeeding was significantly related to IQ at 3.5 y. Small fo r gestational age children who were breastfed for longer than 12 mo had adjusted scores 6.0 points higher than those who were not breastfed (p = 0.06). Conclusi on: Breastfeeding may be particularly important for the cognitive development of preschool children born small for gestational age.

关键词：母乳喂养小于胎龄儿学龄前期样本总体百分位数出生后适于胎龄儿影响因素认知功能加权处理

Novel recursive inference algorithm for discrete dynamic Bayesian networks

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Progress in Natural Science:materials International 2009年第9期19卷 1147-1151页

作者： Chris P. thompson School of Engineering Cranfield University

Dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) can effectively perform modeling and qualitative reasoning for many dynamic systems. However, most of its inference algorithms involve complicated graphical transformations that are hard to program and time-consuming to compute. This article proposes a new recursive inference algorithm, which is a purely numerical method derived from probability theory and the characteristics of Bayesian networks to do both on-line and off-line inferences in discrete DBNs. The most prominent advantages of this novel approach include: (1) it is an exact inference algorithm, thus its accuracy and stability can be guaranteed, (2) it avoids the complex graphical transformation so as to remarkably improve the inference speed, and (3) its concise recursive formulae facilitate programming of both forwards and backwards pass. All of these issues are verified by accurate mathematical derivation as well as a couple of application examples with comparison between the new algorithm and the two most prevailing inference approaches of discrete DBNs - the interface algorithm and the forwards-backwards algorithm.

关键词： Discrete DBNs Inference Algorithm

myo-inositol reduces β-catenin activation in colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第28期23卷 5115-5126页

作者： Emily m Bradford Corey A thompson Tatiana Goretsky Guang-Yu Yang Luz m Rodriguez Linheng Li Terrence A Barrett Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kentucky Department of Internal medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Division of Cancer Research National Cancer InstituteDCP/GOCRGBethesda Department of Surgery Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine University of Kansas School of Medicine and Stowers Institute for Medical Research

To assess dietary myo-inositol in reducing stem cell activation in colitis, and validate pβ-cateninS552 as a biomarker of recurrent *** examined the effects of dietary myo-inositol treatment on inflammation, pβ-cateninS552 and pAkt levels by histology and western blot in IL-10-/- and dextran sodium sulfate-treated colitic mice. Additionally, we assessed nuclear pβ-cateninS552 in patients treated with myo-inositol in a clinical trial, and in patients with and without a history of colitis-induced *** mice, pβ-cateninS552 staining faithfully reported the effects of myo-inositol in reducing inflammation and intestinal stem cell activation. In a pilot clinical trial of myo-inositol administration in patients with a history of low grade dysplasia (LGD), two patients had reduced numbers of intestinal stem cell activation compared to the placebo control patient. In humans, pβ-cateninS552 staining discriminated ulcerative colitis patients with a history of LGD from those with benign *** crypts with increased numbers of pβ-cateninS552 - positive cells can be utilized as a biomarker in colitis-associated cancer chemoprevention trials.

关键词： Chemoprevention Dysplasia Biomarker Stem cell Colitis-associated cancer

A framework approach to the design of energy efficient residential buildings in Nigeria

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Energy and Built Environment 2022年第3期3卷 384-397页

作者： Ekele thompson Ochedi Ahmad Taki Department of Architectural Technology School of Environmental TechnologyKogi State PolytechnicP.M.B.1101LokojaNigeria Director of Architecture Research Institute Leicester School of ArchitectureDe Montfort UniversityLeicester LE19BHUK

The main objective of the Nigerian building sector working on achieving energy efficiency is to decrease energy demand of buildings and thereby reduce the negative implications of urban development and poor energy infras-tructure on people’s *** of the key strategies being adopted for substantial reduction of energy demand in the Building Energy Efficiency Guide for Nigeria is the bioclimatic architectural design ***,in-telligent design of buildings,especially the building envelope,can considerably improve energy efficiency and help to realize heating and cooling *** aim of this paper is to promote and encourage sustainable build-ing development in Nigeria by developing a systematic and context-based framework for the design of energy efficient residential *** study adopted a mixed method approach of interviews with 12 architects and 22 ***,measurements and observational surveys of 22 existing buildings that fit into three distinct building typologies were *** existing buildings were investigated using a building simu-lation approach to compare their performances,especially in terms of thermal *** data collected was analysed using content analysis,descriptive statistics analysis,and *** interviews with architects and householders showed enormous potential to reduce residential buildings’energy *** achieve this,the interviewees emphasized the need for strong collaboration between all stakeholders in the building ***,observational surveys,and case studies of existing buildings confirmed that thermal discomfort in residential buildings and challenges with building design,have a significant effect on the building occupants’*** research developed a framework for the design of energy-efficient residential building,which is expected to enhance sustainability,particularly in the building *** framework was produced based on the findings from the re

关键词： Framework Energy consumption Energy efficient buildings Simulation Case study Lokoja/Nigeria

Leveraging Learning to Improve Disaster management Outcomes

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2012年第4期3卷 195-206页

作者： Denise D.P.thompson Department of Public management John Jay College of Criminal JusticeCity University of New YorkNY 10019U.S.A.

Disaster management agencies should be exemplars of learning given the volatility of their operating environment. However, there are cognitive, social, and organizational barriers that prevent these organizations from learning. The purpose of this article is to use the Caribbean Disaster and Emergency management Agency(CDEmA) as an example of an organization that achieves double-loop learning in spite of known barriers. This research shows significant learning variations in the CDEmA organization from the regional to the national level. The results demonstrate that the CDEmA Coordinating Unit and a few national member agencies achieve double-loop learning, while the opposite is true for many national disaster offices. Analysis of this variation is one contribution to the disaster management and organizational learning literature. The article also suggests that organizational culture is an important precursor to learning and adds a much needed case example to the management and learning literature. The study ends with a proposal for future research in the area of disaster management, culture and learning, and propositions for national disaster offices to consider in order to enhance double-loop learning.

关键词： disaster culture aging

mutifactorial analysis of risk factors for reduced bone mineral density in patients with Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第35期12卷 5680-5686页

作者： Sarah A Bartram Robert T Peaston David J Rawlings David Walshaw Roger m Francis Nick P thompson musculoskeletal unit Freeman HospitalNewcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom Department of Biochemistry Freeman Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom Regional medical Physics Department Newcastle General Hospital United Kingdom Dept of Statistics University of Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom musculoskeletal unit Freeman Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom Department of medicine Freeman Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom

AIm: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in a cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and to identify the relative significance of risk factors for osteoporosis. mETHODS: Two hundred and fifty-eight unselected patients (92 m, 166 F) with CD were studied. Bone mineral density (BmD) was measured at the lumbar spine and hip by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation was assessed by measuring bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and bone resorption by measuring urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and N-telopeptide (NTX). RESULTS: Between 11.6%-13.6% patients were osteoporotic (T score mbar spine and/or hip. NTX levels were significantly higher in the patients with osteoporosis (P mbar spine or hip were a low body mass index (P male sex (P mbined accounted for 23% and 37% of the reduction in BmD at the lumbar spine and hip respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that osteoporosis is common in patients with CD and suggest that increased bone resorption is the mechanism responsible for thebone loss. However, less than half of the reduction in BmD can be attributed to risk factors such as corticosteroid use and low BmI and therefore remains unexplained.

关键词： Crohn's disease Osteoporosis Osteopenia Bone mineral density

Simplified prediction models for acoustic installation effects of train-mounted equipment

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 125-143页

作者： David thompson Dong Zhao Giacomo Squicciarini Institute of Sound and Vibration Research University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

Acoustic models of railway vehicles in standstill and pass-by conditions can be used as part of a virtual certification process for new *** each piece of auxiliary equipment,the sound power measured on a test bench is combined with meas-ured or predicted transfer *** is important,however,to allow for installation effects due to shielding by fairings or the train *** the current work,fast-running analytical models are developed to determine these installation *** model for roof-mounted sources takes account of diffraction at the corner of the train body or fairing,using a barrier *** equipment mounted under the train,the acoustic propagation from the sides of the source is based on free-field Green’s *** bottom surfaces are assumed to radiate initially into a cavity under the train,which is modelled with a simple diffuse field *** sound emitted from the gaps at the side of the cavity is then assumed to propagate to the receivers according to free-field Green’s *** show good agreement with a 2.5D boundary element model and with *** uncertainty and parametric uncertainty are *** largest variability occurs due to the height and impedance of the ground,especially for a low *** leads to standard deviations of up to 4 dB at low *** the roof-mounted sources,uncertainty over the location of the corner used in the equivalent barrier model can also lead to large standard deviations.

关键词： Train noise Auxiliary equipment Acoustic installation effects Virtual certification Uncertainty

Effect of cavity flow control on high-speed train pantograph and roof aerodynamic noise

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Railway Engineering Science 2020年第1期28卷 54-74页

作者： Hogun Kim Zhiwei Hu David thompson Aerodynamics and Flight mechanics Research Group University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Institute of Sound and Vibration Research Dynamics Group University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

The pantograph and its recess on the train roof are major aerodynamic noise sources on high-speed *** this noise is particularly important because conventional noise barriers usually do not shield the ***,less attention has been paid to the pantograph recess compared with the *** this paper,the flow features and noise contribution of two types of noise reduction treatments rounded and chamfered edges are studied for a simplified high-speed train pantograph recess,which is represented as a rectangular cavity and numerically investigated at 1/10 *** delayed detached-eddy simulations are performed for the near-field turbulent flow simulation,and the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings aeroacoustic analogy is used for far-field noise *** highly unsteady flow over the cavity is significantly reduced by the cavity edge modifications,and consequently,the noise radiated from the cavity is ***,effects of the rounded cavity edges on the flow and noise of the pantographs(one raised and one folded)are investigated by comparing the flow features and noise contributions from the cases with and without rounding of the cavity *** train running directions are also *** analysis shows that the highly unsteady flow within the cavity is reduced by rounding the cavity edges and a slightly lower flow speed occurs around the upper parts of the raised pantograph,whereas the flow velocity in the cavity is slightly increased by the *** pressure fluctuations occur on the folded pantograph and the lower parts of the raised pantograph,whereas weaker fluctuations are found on the panhead of the raised *** study shows that by rounding the cavity edges,a reduction in radiated noise at the side and the top receiver positions can be *** reductions in the other directions can also be found.

关键词： High-speed train Aeroacoustics Pantograph Pantograph recess Cavity flow Noise control

Comparison between wave generation methods for numerical simulation of bimodal seas

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Water Science and Engineering 2016年第1期9卷 3-13页

作者： Daniel A.thompson Harshinie Karunarathna Dominic Reeve Energy & Environment Research Group Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering Swansea UniversityBay Campus

This paper describes an investigation of the generation of desired sea states in a numerical wave model. Bimodal sea states containing energetic swell components can be coastal hazards along coastlines exposed to large oceanic fetches. Investigating the effects of long-period bimodal seas requires large computational domains and increased running time to ensure the development of the desired sea state. Long computational runs can cause mass stability issues due to the Stokes drift and wave reflection, which in turn affect results through the variation of the water level. A numerical wave flume, NEWRANS, was used to investigate two wave generation methods： the wave paddle method, allowing for a smaller domain; and the internal mass source function method, providing an open boundary allowing reflected waves to leave the domain. The two wave generation methods were validated against experimental data by comparing the wave generation accuracy and the variance of mass in the model during simulations. Results show that the wave paddle method not only accurately generates the desired sea state but also provides a more stable simulation, in which mass fluctuation has less of an effect on the water depth during the long-duration simulations. As a result, it is suggested that the wave paddle method with active wave absorption is preferable to the internal wave maker option when investigating intermediate-depth long-period bimodal seas for long-duration simulations.

关键词： Wave modeling Wave generation RANS Swell wave Bimodal sea Long-period waves