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Surface wave inversion with unknown number of soil layers based on a hybrid learning procedure of deep learning and genetic algorithm

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 345-358页

作者： Zan Zhou thomas Man-Hoi Lok Wan-Huan Zhou Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacaoMacaoChina

Surface wave inversion is a key step in the application of surface waves to soil velocity ***,a common practice for the process of inversion is that the number of soil layers is assumed to be known before using heuristic search algorithms to compute the shear wave velocity profile or the number of soil layers is considered as an optimization ***,an improper selection of the number of layers may lead to an incorrect shear wave velocity *** this study,a deep learning and genetic algorithm hybrid learning procedure is proposed to perform the surface wave inversion without the need to assume the number of soil ***,a deep neural network is adapted to learn from a large number of synthetic dispersion curves for inferring the layer ***,the shear-wave velocity profile is determined by a genetic algorithm with the known layer *** applying this procedure to both simulated and real-world cases,the results indicate that the proposed method is reliable and efficient for surface wave inversion.

关键词： surface wave inversion analysis shear-wave velocity profile deep neural network genetic algorithm

Learning the optimal power flow:Environment design matters

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 432-443页

作者： thomas Wolgast Astrid Nieße Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Department of Computing ScienceDigitalized Energy SystemsAmmerländer Heerstraße 114-118Oldenburg26129Germany

To solve the optimal power flow(OPF)problem,reinforcement learning(RL)emerges as a promising new ***,the RL-OPF literature is strongly divided regarding the exact formulation of the OPF problem as an RL *** this work,we collect and implement diverse environment design decisions from the literature regarding training data,observation space,episode definition,and reward function *** an experimental analysis,we show the significant impact of these environment design options on RL-OPF training ***,we derive some first recommendations regarding the choice of these design *** created environment framework is fully open-source and can serve as a benchmark for future research in the RL-OPF field.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Optimal power flow Environment design Economic Dispatch Voltage control Reactive power market

Dynamic convergent shock compression initiated by return current in high-intensity laser-solid interactions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 40-53页

作者： Long Yang Martin Rehwald thomas Kluge Alejandro LasoGarcia Toma Toncian Karl Zeil Ulrich Schramm thomas E.Cowan Lingen Huang Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser *** particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the compression process is initiated by both magnetic pressure and surface ablation associated with a strong transient surface return current with density of the order of 10^(17) A/m^(2) and lifetime of 100 *** results show that the dominant compression mechanism is governed by the plasma β,i.e.,the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic *** targets with small radius and low atomic number Z,the magnetic pressure is the dominant shock compression *** to a scaling law,as the target radius and Z increase,the surface ablation pressure becomes the main mechanism generating convergent ***,an indirect experimental indication of shocked hydrogen compression is provided by optical shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion *** results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exceeding Gbar(100 TPa)to enable the investigation of high-pressure physics using femtosecond J-level laser pulses,offering an alternative to nanosecond kJ-laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinch compression methods.

关键词： shock convergent return

Spatiotemporal characteristics of cultivated land use eco-efficiency and its influencing factors in China from 2000 to 2020

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第3期16卷 396-414页

作者： LI Shaoting MU Na REN Yanjun thomas GLAUBEN College of Economics and Management Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Sino-German Center for Agricultural and Food Economics Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies(IAMO) Halle 06120Germany

Improving cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE)can effectively promote agricultural sustainability,particularly in developing countries where CLUE is generally *** study used provincial-level data from China to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of CLUE from 2000 to 2020 and identified the influencing factors of CLUE by using a panel Tobit *** addition,given the undesirable outputs of agricultural production,we incorporated carbon emissions and nonpoint source pollution into the global benchmark-undesirable output-super efficiency-slacks-based measure(GB-US-SBM)model,which combines global benchmark technology,undesirable output,super efficiency,and slacks-based *** results indicated that there was an upward trend in CLUE in China from 2000 to 2020,with an increase rate of 2.62%.The temporal evolution of CLUE in China could be classified into three distinct stages:a period of fluctuating decrease(2000-2007),a phase of gradual increase(2008-2014),and a period of rapid growth(2015-2020).The major grain-producing areas(MPAs)had a lower CLUE than their counterparts,namely,non-major grain-production areas(non-MPAs).The spatial agglomeration effect followed a northeast-southwest strip distribution;and the movement path of barycentre revealed a"P"shape,with Luoyang City,Henan Province,as the *** terms of influencing factors of CLUE,investment in science and technology played the most vital role in improving CLUE,while irrigation index had the most negative *** should be noted that these two influencing factors had different impacts on MPAs and ***,relevant departments should formulate policies to enhance the level of science and technology,improve irrigation condition,and promote sustainable utilization of cultivated land.

关键词： cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE) slacks-based measure(SBM)model barycentre model standard deviation ellipse(SDE) panel Tobit model carbon emissions nonpoint source pollution

Biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate(6:2 FTS)in sulfur-rich media by Trametopsis cervina

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 17-26页

作者： Felix Grimberg thomas M Holsen Sujan Fernando Siwen Wang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Clarkson UniversityPotsdamNew York 13699USA

Biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate(6:2 FTS)by two species of white-rot fungi,Pleurotus ostreatus(***)and Trametopsis cervina(***),was investigated in a sulfurrich medium designed to stimulate production of lignin-degrading *** of 6:2 FTS was observed by *** over the study period of 30 d,but not by *** rates were comparable to those found in other studies investigating mixed culture degradation in nonsulfur limiting media,with approximately 50 mol%of applied 6:2 FTS removed after 30 *** transformation products were short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs),including PFHxA(2.27 mol%),PFPeA(0.24 mol%),and PFBA(0.28 mol%).The main intermediate products include 5:2 sFTOH(16.3 mol%)and 5:3 FTCA(2.99 mol%),while 6:2 FTCA,6:2 FTuCA,and 5:2 ketone were also identified at low *** 60 mol%of detected products were assigned to the major pathway to 5:2 ketone,and 40 mol%were assigned to the minor pathway to 5:3 *** overall molar balance was found to decrease to 75 mol%by Day 30,however,was closed to near 95 mol%with a theoretical estimation for the volatile intermediates in the headspace,5:2 ketone and 5:2 *** different capabilities of the two white-rot fungal species for 6:2 FTS biotransformation in sulfur-rich media suggest that the enzyme processes of *** to de-sulfonate 6:2 FTS may be unrelated to sulfur metabolism.

关键词： White-rot fungus 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate(6:2 FTS) Biotransformation Sulfur-rich medium Intermediate products

Development of gradient boosting-assisted machine learning data-driven model for free chlorine residual prediction

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 35-46页

作者： Wiley Helm Shifa Zhong Elliot Reid thomas Igou Yongsheng Chen School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Chlorine-based disinfection is ubiquitous in conventional drinking water treatment (DWT) and serves to mitigate threats of acute microbial disease caused by pathogens that may be present in source water. An important index of disinfection efficiency is the free chlorine residual (FCR), a regulated disinfection parameter in the US that indirectly measures disinfectant power for prevention of microbial recontamination during DWT and distribution. This work demonstrates how machine learning (ML) can be implemented to improve FCR forecasting when supplied with water quality data from a real, full-scale chlorine disinfection system in Georgia, USA. More precisely, a gradient-boosting ML method (CatBoost) was developed from a full year of DWT plant-generated chlorine disinfection data, including water quality parameters (e.g., temperature, turbidity, pH) and operational process data (e.g., flowrates), to predict FCR. Four gradient-boosting models were implemented, with the highest performance achieving a coefficient of determination, R2, of 0.937. Values that provide explanations using Shapley’s additive method were used to interpret the model’s results, uncovering that standard DWT operating parameters, although non-intuitive and theoretically non-causal, vastly improved prediction performance. These results provide a base case for data-driven DWT disinfection supervision and suggest process monitoring methods to provide better information to plant operators for implementation of safe chlorine dosing to maintain optimum FCR.

关键词： Machine learning Data-driven modeling Drinking water treatment Disinfection Chlorination

EZH2 inhibitors promote β-like cell regeneration in young and adult type 1 diabetes donors

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 679-692页

作者： Keith Al-Hasani Safiya Naina Marikar Harikrishnan Kaipananickal Scott Maxwell Jun Okabe Ishant Khurana thomas Karagiannis Julia J.Liang Lina Mariana thomas Loudovaris thomas Kay Assam El-Osta Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute75 Commercial RoadMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia Department of Diabetes Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia School of Science STEM CollegeRMIT UniversityMelbourne 3001 VICAustralia Immunology and Diabetes Unit St Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy 3065 VICAustralia Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building30-32-Ngan Shing StreetSha TinHong Kong SAR Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Biomedical Laboratory Science Department of TechnologyFaculty of HealthUniversity College CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

β-cells are a type of endocrine cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize,store and release *** type 1 diabetes(T1D),T-cells of the immune system selectively destroy the insulin-producingβ-*** of these cells leads to a lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin administration for ***,there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies that stimulateβ-cell growth and induceβ-cell *** and others have shown that pancreatic ductal progenitor cells are a promising source for regeneratingβ-cells for T1D owing to their inherent differentiation *** transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine reaction and tightly controls the regenerative potential by the EZH2 *** the present study,we show that transient stimulation of exocrine cells,derived from juvenile and adult T1D donors to the FDAapproved EZH2 inhibitors GSK126 and Tazemetostat(Taz)influence a phenotypic shift towards aβ-like cell *** transition from repressed to permissive chromatin states are dependent on bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 chromatin *** EZH2 is fundamental toβ-cell regenerative *** pancreatic ductal cells exhibit insulin production and secretion in response to a physiological glucose challenge ex *** pre-clinical studies underscore the potential of small molecule inhibitors as novel modulators of ductal progenitor differentiation and a promising new approach for the restoration ofβ-like cell function.

关键词： EZH2 struction inhibitors

B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2:infection,vaccination,and hybrid immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 144-158页

作者： Dennis Lapuente thomas H.Winkler Matthias Tenbusch Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054 ErlangenGermany Department of Biology Division of GeneticsNikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)ErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossplatz 191054 ErlangenGermany

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen.B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations,as neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)are an important correlate of protection(COP)from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine *** addition to absolute levels,nAb longevity,neutralization breadth,immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition,and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy *** recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell(MBC)and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection-and vaccine-induced *** also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms,such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines,in unprecedented cohort *** with the technological advances of recent years,this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected *** this review,we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection-and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity,which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies memory responses vaccines IgG4

The impact of Internet access on household dietary quality:Evidence from rural China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 374-383页

作者： Yi Cui Qiran Zhao thomas Glauben Wei Si College of Economics and Management China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies(IAMO) Halle(Saale)06120Germany

Over the past few decades,the Internet has rapidly diffused across *** spread of the Internet has had a profound economic and social impact on Chinese rural *** research shows that Internet access significantly impacts agricultural production and improves smallholder farmers’*** these,the Internet can affect other dimensions of social ***,research about the impact of Internet access on dietary quality in rural China remains *** study utilizes multi-period panel data from Fixed Observation Point in rural China from 2009 to 2015 to estimate the impact of Internet access on dietary quality and food consumption of rural households and conducts a causal *** models with time and household fixed effects allow robust estimation while reducing potential issues of unobserved *** estimates show that Internet access has significantly increased rural household dietary quality(measured by the Chinese Diet Balance Index).Further research finds that Internet access has increased the consumption of animal products,such as aquatic and dairy *** also examine the underlying *** access improves dietary quality and food consumption mainly through increasing household income and food *** results encourage the promotion of Internet access as a valuable tool for nutritional improvements,especially in rural areas.

关键词： dietary quality fixed effect model Internet access rural China