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Persistent delayed auditory memory and executive function deficits 5 years after West Nile Virus Encephalitis: A neuropsychological and neuroimaging single case study

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2012年第4期2卷 210-216页

作者： Michelle M. Gagnon thomas P. Robinson Mohammad S. Ijaz Simon M. McCrea Department of Psychology University of Regina Regina Canada Director—Neuropsychology Service Wascana Rehabilitation Centre Regina Canada Division of Neurology Regina General Hospital Regina Canada Functional Rehabilitation Program Wascana Rehabilitation Centre Regina Canada

There are presently no in-depth published neuropsychological studies of West Nile Virus (WNV) encephalitis patients that have been well-correlated with high resolution structural MRI. In this study a middleaged male who developed West Nile Virus encephalitis five years previously was examined three times over a two year period. We examined him with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales—Fourth Edition and the Wechsler Memory Scale—Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV/WMS-IV) and Advanced Clinical Solutions battery supplemented by tests of attention, executive, motor and sensory functions. Neuroradiological imaging revealed hypodensities within the left hippocampus in the axial and coronal planes with T2-FLAIR MRI. The man was previously high functioning and although he had prior history of well-controlled epilepsy it seems unlikely that the epilepsy could fully account for the neuropathological changes. The patient had previously completed a demanding six year double science degree program before he became ill with WNV and he had been a successful manager and director of a research company. Delayed auditory memory scores were at least two standard deviation units below age expected levels and semantic fluency and Booklet Category Tests of executive function were also in the impaired range. Moreover the illness onset profile of muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, memory complaints as well as inability to carry out research projects involving planning on the job were highly consistent with WNV encephalitis. If the memory and executive function deficits had been premorbid manifestations of epilepsy it is unlikely he would have attained the levels he did educationally and occupationally. This left hippocampal lesion is characteristic of other encephalitic viral infections such as herpes simplex virus. To our knowledge this is the first lateralized WNV encephalitis medial temporal lobe patient in the published literature.

关键词： West Nile Virus West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease Encephalitis Flaviviruses Neuropsychological Profiles Hippocampus Delayed uditory Memory Executive Functions Longitudinal Study Diffusion Weighted Imaging MRI

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实时三维超声心动图对右心室功能及三尖瓣环运动的评价

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中国超声医学杂志 2000年第9期16卷 34-37页

作者：徐勇,智光,李天德,Takahiro Shiota,Jian Xin Qin,James 解放军总医院心内科解放军总医院心内科解放军总医院心内科 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation!USA The Cleveland Clinic Foundation!USA The Cleveland Clinic Foundation!USA

目的 :应用实时三维超声心动图检查分析三尖瓣环运动和右室收缩功能的关系。方法 :2 7例包括健康志愿者 1 4例 ,接受心脏移植术后患者 7例 ,扩张型心肌病 3例 ,冠心病 2例 ,先天性心脏病 1例 ,所有实验对象均接受三维超声检查。将采集... 详细信息

目的 :应用实时三维超声心动图检查分析三尖瓣环运动和右室收缩功能的关系。方法 :2 7例包括健康志愿者 1 4例 ,接受心脏移植术后患者 7例 ,扩张型心肌病 3例 ,冠心病 2例 ,先天性心脏病 1例 ,所有实验对象均接受三维超声检查。将采集的实时三维图像转移至计算机图像分析仪上。从心尖将右心室三维图像沿右室长轴分成 9个切面 (每个切面间隔 2 0度 )。在舒张末期及收缩末期分别标定出三尖瓣环三维空间位置。计算机描绘并测量出不同时期三尖瓣环面积、周长及运动距离。利用实时三维超声的 C—平面 ,我们测量出三维超声的右心室舒张末期及收缩末期容积 ,并计算出右室射血分数。结果 :右心室射血分数平均为 48% (2 1 %～ 6 3% )。三尖瓣环空间运动距离为 1 5 mm。三尖瓣环面积改变为 1 7.7% ,周长改变为 33.3%。右室射血分数与三尖瓣环运动距离有很好的相关性 (y=2 .2 x+1 5 .5 ,r=0 .88,P<0 .0 1 ) ,但与瓣环的面积及周长改变无关。结论 :用三尖瓣环运动距离来评价右室收缩功能是一种有用的方法。

关键词：右心室收缩功能右心室容量实时三维超声心动图三尖瓣环

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