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Formulation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems containing monoacyl phosphatidylcholine and Kolliphor^(■) RH40 using experimental design

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第6期13卷 536-545页

作者： Thuy Tran thomas Rades Anette müllertz Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Bioneer: FARmA Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen

The development of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems(SNEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs is usually based on traditional one-factor-at-a-time approaches. These approaches may be inadequate to analyse the effect of each excipient and their potential interactions on the emulsion droplet size formed when dispersing the SNEDDS in an aqueous environment. The current study investigates the emulsion droplet sizes formed from SNEDDS containing different levels of the natural surfactant monoacyl phosphatidylcholine to reduce the concentration of the synthetic surfactant polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil(Kolliphor ~? RH40). monoacyl phosphatidylcholine was used in the form of Lipoid S LPC 80(LPC, containing approximately 80% monoacyl phosphatidylcholine, 13% phosphatidylcholine and 4% concomitant components). The investigated SNEDDS comprised of long-chain or medium-chain glycerides(40% to 75%), Kolliphor ~? RH40(5% to 55%), LPC(0 to 40%) and ethanol(0 to 10%). D-optimal design, multiple linear regression, and partial least square regression were used to screen different SNEDDS within the investigated excipient ranges and to analyse the effect of each excipient on the resulting droplet size of the dispersed SNEDDS measured by dynamic light scattering. All investigated formulations formed nano-emulsions with droplet sizes from about 20 to 200 nm. The use of mediumchain glycerides was more likely to result in smaller and more monodisperse droplet sizes compared to the use of long-chain glycerides. Kolliphor~? RH40 exhibited the most significant effect on reducing the emulsion droplet sizes. Increasing LPC concentration increased the emulsion droplet sizes, possibly because of the reduction of Kolliphor~? RH40 concentration. A higher concentration of ethanol resulted in an insignificant reduction of the emulsion droplet size. The study provides different ternary diagrams of SNEDDS containing LPC and Kolliphor ~? RH40 as a reference for form

关键词： monoacyl phosphatidylcholine Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems D-optimal design Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil Kolliphor^(■)(RH40) Droplet size Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy

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Predation changes the shape of thermal performance curves for population growth rate

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 501-505页

作者： thomas m. LUHRING John P. DELONG School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA

Ectotherms generally demonstrate nonlinear changes in performance （e.g., movement speed, indi- vidual growth, population growth） as a function of temperature that are characterized by thermal performance curves （TPC）. Predation risk elicits phenotypic and behavioral changes that likewise impact performance measures. We tested whether exposure to predation Orthocyclops modestus impacts the maximum population growth rate （rmax） TPC of the protist Paramecium aurelia. We fit predator and non-predator exposed P. aurelia population growth rates to a function previously shown to best describe Paramecium population growth rate TPC＇s （Lactin-2） and compared subse- quent parameter estimates between curves. For Paramecium exposed to predation risk, maximum population growth increased more rapidly as temperatures rose and decreased more rapidly as temperatures fell compared to the initial temperature. The area under each TPC curve remained ap- proximately the same, consistent with the idea of a trade-off in performance across temperatures. Our results indicate TPCs are flexible given variation in food web context and that trophic inter- actions may play an important role in shaping TPCs. Furthermore, this and other studies illustrate the need for a mechanistic model of TPCs with parameters tied to biologically meaningful properties.

关键词： paramecium phenotypic plasticity predation reaction norm temperature thermal performance curve.

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Comparison of the demographic characteristics of pediatric and adult colorectal cancer patients: a national inpatient sample based analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第1期15卷 37-41页

作者： thomas m.Attard Caitlin E.Lawson University of missouri Kansas City Kansas CityMOUSA Pediatric Gastroenterology Children's Mercy Hospital2401Gillham RdKansas CityMO 64108USA Division of Genetics Children's Mercy HospitalKansas CityMOUSA

Background Colorectal cancer in children is rare,but characterized by late presentation,unfavorable histology and poor *** factors for colorectal cancer in children overlap with those for adults with greater influence of hereditary *** epidemiology of colon cancer in children is poorly understood;the aim of this study was to characterize and compare the demographics and relevant clinical characteristics of pediatric and adult colon cancer,using a national inpatient *** The AHRQ online resource HCUPnet/KID database was queried for children,under the age of 18 admitted with ICD 9 Cm diagnoses relating to colorectal cancer,at the time of *** comparison,the corresponding diagnoses in adult patients were queried for each successive *** demographics including residential type and median income by zip-code,tumor localization;if recorded,and mean hospital charges were all accrued and *** Inpatient admissions for pediatric colorectal cancer were more likely male (54%),in the 15-17 years age bracket (57%).They were significantly more likely from Southwestern regions of the Unites States,and were significantly more likely from residential zip-codes identified as at or below the lowest income quartile than adult CRC patients or pediatric patients as a *** charges have more than quadrupled over the time period studied (1997-2012).Conclusions Pediatric colorectal cancer is the most common primary gastrointestinal malignancy in *** understanding associated risk factors including those associated with gender,geographic region and social economic status may contribute to future prevention or early detection strategies.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colorectal neoplasms Demography International classification of diseases Pediatric risk factors

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Salinization:the ultimate threat to temperate lakes,with particular reference to Southeastern Wisconsin(USA)

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2015年第6期33卷 1461-1475页

作者： Jeffrey A.THORNTON thomas m.SLAWSKI Hebin LIN International Environmental management Services Ltd. Watershed Services Coordinator The Meadows Center for Water and the EnvironmentTexas State University601 University DriveSan MarcosTX 78666United States of America Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University3-11 TsurukabutoNada-kuKobeHyogo 657 8501Japan Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission W239 N1812 Rockwood DriveP.O.Box 1607WaukeshaWI 53187-1607United States of America

many lakes in Southeastern Wisconsin(the metropolitan-milwaukee area) are gradually becoming increasingly "salty".While these waterbodies would not be considered presently to be saline lakes,there has been a rapid increase in the chloride concentrations in most of these lakes over the last 30 years,with the lakes increasing from a mean chloride concentration of about 19 mg/L to over 100 mg/L in some *** ecological impacts can be expected when chloride values exceed 250 mg/L,the rate of increase presents a basis for concern,especially since the underlying geology of the region is based on limestone/dolomite which is deficient in ***,the origin of the chlorides is anthropogenic:human and industrial wastewaters(treatment of which has effected improvements in trophic status but has not affected other water-borne contaminants) and winter de-icing practices based upon large quantities of sodium chloride are major contributors to the increasing concentrations of chloride in the region's *** taking remedial measures,the rate of salinization is expected to continue to increase,resulting,ultimately,in the alteration of the freshwater systems in the region.

关键词： salinization temperate lakes chloride concentrations salt management

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AN AUGmENTED BV SETTING FOR FEEDBACK SWITCHING CONTROL

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2010年第3期23卷 456-466页

作者： Falk m.HANTE Günter LEUGERING thomas I.SEIDmAN Department mathematik Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Mathematik ⅡUniversitt Erlangen-Nürnberg Department of mathematics and Statistics University of Maryland Baltimore County

This paper considers dynamical systems under feedback with control actions limited *** authors wish to understand the closed-loop systems as approximating multi-scale problemsin which the implementation of switching merely acts on a fast *** hybrid dynamicalsystems are extensively studied in the literature,but not much so far for feedback with partial *** becomes in particular relevant when the dynamical systems are governed by partialdifferential *** authors introduce an augmented BV setting which permits recognition ofcertain fast scale effects and give a corresponding well-posedness result for observations with such *** an application for this setting,the authors show existence of solutions for systemsof semilinear hyperbolic equations under such feedback with pointwise observations.

关键词： Feedback functions of bounded variation hybrid dynamical systems partial state observation switching control.

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Aristotle, the Intellect, and Cognition

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2014年第2期9卷 229-240页

作者： thomas m. Robinson Department of Philosophy University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5R 2M8 Canada

It is argued in this paper that the famous ＂Active Intellect＂ of De Anima 3.5 is not God, as Alexander of Aphrodisias held, but rather an unchanging, eternally cognizing Intellect which serves as the indispensable condition for the operation of human intellect. It is ＂at the door＂ for each individual, ready to flow in as a stream of light--a light which renders potential objects of cognition knowable, just as visible light makes potentially visible objects visible--from outside that door （thyrathen） any time it is opened. Its existence cannot serve, however, as a proof of the immortality of human intellect, since, being unchanging, it can never possess a feature of human intellect which is characterized by nothing if not change, and that is memory.

关键词： Active Intellect Aristotle cognition dualism essentialism,immortality memory perception Prime mover soul

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Plato the Democrat？ Some Thoughts on the Politics of the Laws

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2013年第4期8卷 530-545页

作者： thomas m. Robinson Department of Philosophy University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 2J7 Canada

In the Laws （which Plato calls his ＂second-best society＂） Plato asserts that the best attainable form of society will combine the better features of autocracy and democracy. The democracy will be one where aidos （＂respect＂） will be a prominent feature, as will be the rule of laws underpinned by the belief that God, not man, is the measure of all things. Unlike in the Republic, the accumulation of wealth and property will be the right of all citizens, including rulers. But it will operate under strict limits： a maximum of four quanta of property will be allowed by any citizen, while a minimum of one （which will provide a good life though perhaps not a rich one） will be guaranteed. The affinity of such a view with that of John Rawls is striking. The article ends with a brief interview between the reader and Plato, in which some of the above issues are discussed.

关键词： Athens autocracy democracy equality God justice Laws,property Plato Rawls Republic

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Passive Attack Detection for a Class of Stealthy Intermittent Integrity Attacks

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2023年第4期10卷 898-915页

作者： Kangkang Zhang Christodoulos Keliris thomas Parisini Bin Jiang marios m.Polycarpou Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUKand also with the KIOS Research and Innovation Center of ExcellenceUniversity of CyprusNicosia 1678Cyprus KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CyprusNicosia 1678Cyprus Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Department of Engineering and Architecture University of TriesteTrieste 34127Italy KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence University of CyprusNicosia 1678Cyprus College of Automation Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

This paper proposes a passive methodology for detecting a class of stealthy intermittent integrity attacks in cyberphysical systems subject to process disturbances and measurement noise.A stealthy intermittent integrity attack strategy is first proposed by modifying a zero-dynamics attack *** stealthiness of the generated attacks is rigorously investigated under the condition that the adversary does not know precisely the system state *** order to help detect such attacks,a backward-in-time detection residual is proposed based on an equivalent quantity of the system state change,due to the attack,at a time prior to the attack occurrence time.A key characteristic of this residual is that its magnitude increases every time a new attack *** estimate this unknown residual,an optimal fixed-point smoother is proposed by minimizing a piece-wise linear quadratic cost function with a set of specifically designed weighting *** smoother design guarantees robustness with respect to process disturbances and measurement noise,and is also able to maintain sensitivity as time progresses to intermittent integrity attack by resetting the covariance matrix based on the weighting *** adaptive threshold is designed based on the estimated backward-in-time residual,and the attack detectability analysis is rigorously investigated to characterize quantitatively the class of attacks that can be detected by the proposed ***,a simulation example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed methodology.

关键词： Backward-in-time equivalent quantity fixed-point smoother intermittent integrity attacks

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Couinaud’s corrosion casts of the liver

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第2期11卷 174-175页

作者： thomas m.van Gulik Department of Surgery Amsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Claude Couinaud[1922-2008],a French surgeon-anatomist,became famous for his classification of the segmental division of the *** defined each segment by its distinct portal venous anatomy and its intersegmental,watershed *** segment would function as an independent functional unit with its own biliary ductal system draining into the central bile *** from all segments is collected into the three main hepatic veins that drain into the caval vein.

关键词： drain watershed Blood

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Babylonian clay tablet of the liver

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 1-2页

作者： thomas m.van Gulik Department of Surgery Amsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

The Babylonians were an ancient people living from approximately 2000 BC to 1600 BC in southern mesopotamia,a fertile region situated between the Tigris and Euphrates river,an area for the greater part corresponding with modern *** reached a high level of civilization with their own Akkadian language,writings and *** the realm of their religion,they worshipped a host of gods and goddesses,each with different names and distinct functions.

关键词： situated approximate realm

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