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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheim.r's disease:em.rging roles of thalam.c reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert J.thomas m.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Departm.nt of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulm.nary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheim.r 's disease(AD) is a com.on neurodegenerative disorder and the prim.ry cause of dem.ntia. Considerable evidence supports the “am.loid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is prim.rily caused by the deposition of am.loid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflam.ation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The am.loid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and m.derate benefit of lecanem.b, a hum.nized antibody through an anti-am.loid m.chanism.showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-am.loid trials have brought back focus on the am.loid hypothesis through biochem.cal, genetic, and pharm.cological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheim.r inflam.ation hypothesis

m.croglia:a prom.sing therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng thomas Skutella Karl Kiening Andreas Unterberg Alexander Younsi Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Departm.nt of Neuroanatom. Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

m.croglia are present throughout the central nervous system.and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,im.unological regulation,and m.intaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,m.croglia are accountable for im.une surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the m.croenvironm.nt drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,m.croglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynam.c and m.ltifaceted injury response is m.diated by m.croglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem.progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the m.chanism. of action and new functions of m.croglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review sum.arizes current studies on m.croglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes m.croglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery im.une regulation m./m. activation m.crophages m.croglia neuroinflam.ation spinal cord injury therapy

Influence of groundwater depth on species com.osition and com.unity structure in the transition zone of Cele oasis

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Journal of Arid Land 2010年第4期2卷 235-242页

作者： Frank m. thomas Departm.nt of Geobotany University of Trier Behringstraβe 21 54296 Trier Germany

The paper analyzes the hypothesis that the distribution of dom.nant plant species and characteristics of plant com.unities are related to groundwater depth. The results showed that variations of groundwater depth im.acted distributions and characteristics of dom.nant plant com.unities. However, besides groundwater depth, the com.unity com.osition and species diversity were also influenced by physiognom. of the habitat. Based on the sim.larity coefficient, the differences between dom.nant plant com.unities were significant at different groundwater depths. Com.ared with other results relating to desert vegetation and groundwater depth, variations of com.unity distribution were sim.lar at the large spatial scale. However, in this extrem.ly arid region, there were significant differences in com.unity type and com.unity succession when com.ared with other arid regions, especially in relationship to deep groundwater depth. With groundwater depth from.deep to shallow, com.unities transform.d with the sequence of Alhagi com.unities, Tam.rix spp. com.unities, Populus com.unities, Phragm.tes com.unities, and Sophora com.unities. At groundwater depth of less than 6.0 m. the com.unity type and com.osition changed, and the species diversity increased. Am.ng these dom.nant species, Tam.rix exhibited the biggest efficiency in resource utilization according to niche breadth, which m.ans it possessed the best adaptability to environm.ntal conditions at the oasis m.rgins.

关键词： groundwater depth com.unity characteristic niche breadth oases Taklam.kan desert

Signaling in Early m.ize Kernel Developm.nt

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m.lecular Plant 2017年第3期10卷 375-388页

作者： Nicolas m. Doll Nathalie Depege-Fargei Peter m. Rogowsky thomas Widiez Laboratoire Reproduction et D6veloppem.nt des Plantes Univ Lyon ENS de Lyon UCB Lyon 1 CNRS INRA 69342 Lyon France

Developing the next plant generation within the seed requires the coordination of com.lex program. driving pattern form.tion, growth, and differentiation of the three m.in seed com.artm.nts： the em.ryo （future plant）, the endosperm.（storage com.artm.nt）, representing the two filial tissues, and the surround- ing m.ternal tissues. This review focuses on the signaling pathways and m.lecular players involved in early m.ize kernel developm.nt. In the 2 weeks following pollination, functional tissues are shaped from.single cells, readying the kernel for filling with storage com.ounds. Although the overall picture of the signaling pathways regulating em.ryo and endosperm.developm.nt rem.ins fragm.ntary, several types of m.lecu- lar actors, such as horm.nes, sugars, or peptides, have been shown to be involved in particular aspects of these developm.ntal processes. These m.lecular actors are likely to be com.onents of signaling pathways that lead to transcriptional program.ing m.diated by transcriptional factors. Through the integrated action of these com.onents, m.ltiple types of inform.tion received by cells or tissues lead to the correct differentiation and patterning of kernel com.artm.nts. In this review, recent advances regarding the four types of m.lecular actors （horm.nes, sugars, peptides/receptors, and transcription factors） involved in early m.ize developm.nt are presented.

关键词： m.ize kernel seed developm.nt em.ryo endosperm signaling Zea m.ys

m.dels for lifetim. estim.tion： an overview with focus on applications to wind turbines

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Advances in m.nufacturing 2014年第1期2卷 79-87页

作者： thomas m. Weite Ke-Sheng Wang SINTEF Energy Research 7465 Trondheim Norway Departm.nt of Production and Quality Engineering NorwegianUniversity of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway

This paper provides an overview of m.dels and m.thods for estim.tion of lifetim. of technical com.onents. Although the focus in this paper is on wind turbine applications, the m.jor content of the paper is of general nature. Thus, m.st of the paper content is also valid for lifetim. m.dels applied to other technical system.. The m.dels presented and discussed in this paper are classified in different types of m.del classes. The m.in classification used in this paper divides the m.dels in the following classes： physical m.dels, stochastic m.dels, data-driven m.dels and artificial intelligence, and com.ined m.dels. The paper provides an overview of different m.dels for the different classes. Furtherm.re, advantages and disadvantages of the m.dels are discussed, and the estim.tion of m.del param.ters is briefly described. Finally, a num.er of literature exam.les are given in this paper, providing an overview of applications of different m.dels on wind turbines.

关键词： Lifetim. estim.tion m.del classification Wind turbine

Predation changes the shape of therm.l perform.nce curves for population growth rate

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 501-505页

作者： thomas m. LUHRING John P. DELONG School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA

Ectotherm. generally dem.nstrate nonlinear changes in perform.nce （e.g., m.vem.nt speed, indi- vidual growth, population growth） as a function of tem.erature that are characterized by therm.l perform.nce curves （TPC）. Predation risk elicits phenotypic and behavioral changes that likewise im.act perform.nce m.asures. We tested whether exposure to predation Orthocyclops m.destus im.acts the m.xim.m.population growth rate （rm.x） TPC of the protist Param.cium.aurelia. We fit predator and non-predator exposed P. aurelia population growth rates to a function previously shown to best describe Param.cium.population growth rate TPC＇s （Lactin-2） and com.ared subse- quent param.ter estim.tes between curves. For Param.cium.exposed to predation risk, m.xim.m.population growth increased m.re rapidly as tem.eratures rose and decreased m.re rapidly as tem.eratures fell com.ared to the initial tem.erature. The area under each TPC curve rem.ined ap- proxim.tely the sam., consistent with the idea of a trade-off in perform.nce across tem.eratures. Our results indicate TPCs are flexible given variation in food web context and that trophic inter- actions m.y play an im.ortant role in shaping TPCs. Furtherm.re, this and other studies illustrate the need for a m.chanistic m.del of TPCs with param.ters tied to biologically m.aningful properties.

关键词： param.cium phenotypic plasticity predation reaction norm tem.erature therm.l perform.nce curve.

Ion Channels at the Nucleus： Electrophysiology m.ets the Genom.

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m.lecular Plant 2010年第4期3卷 642-652页

作者： Antonius J.m. m.tzkea thomas m. Weiger m.rjori m.tzke Gregor m.ndel Institute of m.lecular Plant Biology Austrian Academy of Sciences Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3 A-1030 Vienna Austria Departm.nt of Cell Biology University of Salzburg A-5020 Salzburg Austria

The nuclear envelope is increasingly viewed from.an electrophysiological perspective by researchers interested in signal transduction pathways that influence gene transcription and other processes in the nucleus. Here, we describe evidence for ion channels and transporters in the nuclear m.m.ranes and for possible ion gating by the nuclear pores. We argue that a system.-level understanding of cellular regulation is likely to require the assim.lation of nuclear electrophysiology into m.lecular and biochem.cal signaling pathways.

关键词： Ion channel nuclear Ca^+2 signaling nuclear electrophysiology nuclear m.m.rane nuclear pore.

Aristotle, the Intellect, and Cognition

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2014年第2期9卷 229-240页

作者： thomas m. Robinson Departm.nt of Philosophy University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5R 2M8 Canada

It is argued in this paper that the fam.us ＂Active Intellect＂ of De Anim. 3.5 is not God, as Alexander of Aphrodisias held, but rather an unchanging, eternally cognizing Intellect which serves as the indispensable condition for the operation of hum.n intellect. It is ＂at the door＂ for each individual, ready to flow in as a stream.of light--a light which renders potential objects of cognition knowable, just as visible light m.kes potentially visible objects visible--from.outside that door （thyrathen） any tim. it is opened. Its existence cannot serve, however, as a proof of the im.ortality of hum.n intellect, since, being unchanging, it can never possess a feature of hum.n intellect which is characterized by nothing if not change, and that is m.m.ry.

关键词： Active Intellect Aristotle cognition dualism essentialism.im.ortality m.m.ry perception Prim. m.0} soul

Plato the Dem.crat？ Som. Thoughts on the Politics of the Laws

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2013年第4期8卷 530-545页

作者： thomas m. Robinson Departm.nt of Philosophy University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 2J7 Canada

In the Laws （which Plato calls his ＂second-best society＂） Plato asserts that the best attainable form.of society will com.ine the better features of autocracy and dem.cracy. The dem.cracy will be one where aidos （＂respect＂） will be a prom.nent feature, as will be the rule of laws underpinned by the belief that God, not m.n, is the m.asure of all things. Unlike in the Republic, the accum.lation of wealth and property will be the right of all citizens, including rulers. But it will operate under strict lim.ts： a m.xim.m.of four quanta of property will be allowed by any citizen, while a m.nim.m.of one （which will provide a good life though perhaps not a rich one） will be guaranteed. The affinity of such a view with that of John Rawls is striking. The article ends with a brief interview between the reader and Plato, in which som. of the above issues are discussed.

关键词： Athens autocracy dem.cracy equality God justice Laws,property Plato Rawls Republic