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THe STUDY ON RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATeD WITH BReAST CANCeR AMONG WOMeN IN TIANJIN, CHINA AND ADeLAIDe, AUSTRALIA

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 1989年第4期1卷 58-62页

作者：张安玉 thomas e.rohan 武光林 Department of epidemiology Tianjin Medical College Department of environmental and Preventive Medicine The Medical College of St. Bartholomew's Hospital University of London Department of epidemiology Tianjin Medical Collegeo explore the possible explanation of the marked difference in the incidence of breast cancer between Chinese and Australian women the authors have compared and analysed the results of two case-control studies completed recently in Tianjin China and Adelaide Australia. Of 10 known risk factors for breast cancer 9 were significantly higher in level in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women i.e. women in Adelaide were much taller heavier more obese earlier at menarche later at first full-term pregnancy more nulliparous less parity more in history of breast cancer in first degree relatives more educated. From the 7 risk factors analysed by use of logistic regression model 5 factors i.e. earlier age at menarche later age at first full-term pregnancy less parity history of benign disease and history of breast cancer in first degree relatives were associated significantly with the increased risk for breast cancer in the Tianjin study but not in Adelaide study. These factors being not associated with breast cancer in Adelaide women were unexpected. The explanation of the indefinite findings in Adelaide study was due to the fact that the level of the risk factor is universally high relatively uniform and lack of categories. The difference in the risk factor distribution between cases and controle would not be seen in case-control studies and significance of the risk factor therefore may not be found. According to data on diet survey in these two cities the calories from fat was significantly higher in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women. The marked difference in incidence in women in the two cities resulted from the summing-up effect of a number of factors. The important role of fat intake in geographical incidence difference and in the development of breast cancer was also

To explore the possible explanation of the marked difference in the incidence of breast cancer between Chinese and Australian women, the authors have compared and analysed the results of two case-control studies completed recently in Tianjin, China and Adelaide, Australia. Of 10 known risk factors for breast cancer 9 were significantly higher in level in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women, i.e., women in Adelaide were much taller, heavier, more obese, earlier at menarche, later at first full-term pregnancy, more nulliparous, less parity, more in history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, more educated. From the 7 risk factors analysed by use of logistic regression model 5 factors, i.e., earlier age at menarche, later age at first full-term pregnancy, less parity, history of benign disease, and history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, were associated significantly with the increased risk for breast cancer in the Tianjin study, but not in Adelaide study. These factors being not associated with breast cancer in Adelaide women were unexpected. The explanation of the indefinite findings in Adelaide study was due to the fact that the level of the risk factor is universally high, relatively uniform and lack of categories. The difference in the risk factor distribution between cases and controle would not be seen in case-control studies, and significance of the risk factor therefore may not be found. According to data on diet survey in these two cities, the calories from fat was significantly higher in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women. The marked difference in incidence in women in the two cities resulted from the summing-up effect of a number of factors. The important role of fat intake in geographical incidence difference and in the development of breast cancer was also discussed.

关键词： THe STUDY ON RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATeD WITH BReAST CANCeR AMONG WOMeN IN TIANJIN AUSTRALIA CHINA AND ADeLAIDe

CLASSIFICATIONS OF DUPIN HYPeRSURFACeS IN LIe SPHeRe GeOMeTRY

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第1期44卷 1-36页

作者： thomas e.CeCIL Department of Mathematics and Computer Science College of the Holy CrossWorcesterMA01610USA

This is a survey of local and global classification results concerning Dupin hypersurfaces in S^(n)(or R^(n))that have been obtained in the context of Lie sphere *** emphasis is on results that relate Dupin hypersurfaces to isoparametric hypersurfaces in *** with these classification results,many important concepts from Lie sphere geometry,such as curvature spheres,Lie curvatures,and Legendre lifts of submanifolds of S^(n)(or R^(n)),are described in *** paper also contains several important constructions of Dupin hypersurfaces with certain special properties.

关键词： Dupin hypersurfaces isoparametric hypersurfaces Lie sphere geometry Lie sphere transformations Lie curvatures

evolution of gustatory reflex systems in the brainstems of fishes

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 53-63页

作者： thomas e.FINGeR Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Colorado DenverAuroraUSA

The great number of species of teleosts permits highly specialized forms to evolve to occupy particular *** diversity allows for extreme variations in brain structure according to particular sensory or motor *** the case of the taste system,goldfish(Carassius auratus L.,1758)and some carps have evolved a specialized in-traoral food-sorting apparatus along with corresponding specializations of gustatory centers in the brainstem.A comparison of circuitry within the complex vagal lobe of goldfish,and of the simpler gustatory lobes in catfish(Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque,1818)shows numerous similarities in organization and *** labeling studies using horseradish peroxidase and biotinylated dextran amine in catfish shows a direct projection from the vagal lobe to the motoneurons of nucleus ambiguus which innervate oropharyngeal ***,a three neuron reflex arc connects gustatory input to motor *** the vagal lobe of goldfish,a similar three neuron arc can be identified:from primary gustatory afferent,to vagal lobe interneuron,thence to dendrites of the vagal motoneurons that innervate the pharyngeal ***,despite large differences in the gross appearance of the vagal gustatory systems in the brains of catfish and goldfish,the essential connectivity and circuitry is *** suggests that evolutionary change in the central nervous system largely proceeds by rearrangement and elaboration of existing systems,rather than by addition of new structures or circuits.

关键词： evolution medulla nucleus of the solitary tract taste vagus nerve.

exotic and excited-state meson spectroscopy and radiative transitions from lattice QCD

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第9期34卷 1512-1515页

作者： Christopher e.thomas Jefferson Laboratory

We discuss recent progress in extracting the excited meson spectrum and radiative transition form factors from lattice *** mention results in the charmonium sector,including the first lattice QCD calculation of radiative transition rates involving excited charmonium states,highlighting results for high spin and exotic *** present recent results on a highly excited isovector meson spectrum from dynamical anisotropic *** carefully constructed operators we show how the continuum spin of extracted states can be reliably identified and confidently extract excited states,states with exotic quantum numbers and states of high *** spectrum includes the first spin-four state extracted from lattice *** conclude with some comments on future prospects.

关键词： lattice QCD exotics mesons spectroscopy

A chemical steering wheel for micromotors

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National Science Review 2021年第11期8卷 83-84页

作者： thomas e.Mallouk Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania

Molecular and colloidal ’motors’ have attracted much attention over the past two decades as synthetic analogues of motor proteins and microorganisms such as *** schemes have been developed for powering these objects with light,ultrasound,electric and magnetic fields,and thermal gradients,chemically propelled swimmers most closely resemble their biological counterparts by converting chemical energy to mechanical energy [1].The chemical gradients generated by one swimmer can be felt by its neighbors,and this gives rise to biomimetic collective behavior such as swarming and predator-prey interactions [2].

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Aulacaspis yasumatsui infestations accelerate Cycas leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 681-684页

作者： thomas e.MARLeR Bagong Kaalaman Botanikal Institute 15 Rizal StreetBarangay MalabañasAngeles City 2009(Philippines)

Dear editor,Numerous aspects of ecosystem ecology are influenced by insects(Prasad,2022).Herbivory of plant organs by insects may influence the biogeochemistry of forests by changing the speed of litter decomposition(Schowalter,2022).Cycas micronesica *** is the only native gymnosperm in the Mariana *** once-abundant tree experienced no known lethal threats prior to the 2003 invasion of Guam by the scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi(Marler,2012).This insular case study has been the subject of abundant research(Marler et al.,2021).Changes to leaf litter chemistry improved litter quality following *** infestations(Marler and Dongol,2016),but the prediction of increased decomposition speed has not been confirmed with experimental incubations.

关键词： litter fir release

Heightened condition dependent expression of structural coloration in the faces,but not wings,of male and female flies

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 600-607页

作者： thomas e White Amy Locke Tanya Latty School of Life and environmental Sciences The University of SydneySydney 2106Australia

Structurally colored sexual signals are a conspicuous and widespread class of ornament used in mate choice,though the extent to which they encode information on the quality of their bearers is not fully *** predicts that signaling traits under strong sexual selection as honest indicators should evolve to be more developmentally integrated and exaggerated than nonsexual traits,thereby leading to heightened condition ***,we test this prediction through examination of the sexually dimorphic faces and wings of the cursorial fly Lispe *** and females possess structural UV-white and golden faces,respectively,and males present their faces and wings to females during close-range,ground-based courtship displays,thereby creating the opportunity for mutual *** a field-collected sample of individuals,we found that the appearance of the faces of both sexes scaled positively with individual condition,though along separate *** in better condition expressed brighter faces as modeled according to conspecific flies,whereas condition scaled with facial saturation in *** found no such relationships for their wing interference pattern nor abdomens,with the latter included as a nonsexual *** results suggest that the structurally colored faces,but not the iridescent wings,of male and female *** are reliable guides to individual quality and support the broader potential for structural colors as honest *** also highlight the potential for mutual mate choice in this system,while arguing for 1 of several alternate signaling roles for wing interferences patterns among the myriad taxa which bear them.

关键词： honest signal iridescent mate choice sexual selection wing interference pattern

The impact of macroalgae on mean and turbulent flow fields

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第3期27卷 427-435页

作者： thomas Robert e. MCLeLLAND Stuart J. Department of Geography Environment and Earth Sciences University of Hull

In this paper, we attempt to quantify the mean and turbulent flow fields around live macroalgae within a tidal inlet in Norway. Two Laminaria digitata specimens - 0.50 m apart were selected for detailed study and a profiling ADV was used to collect 45 velocity profiles, each composed of up to seven 0.035 m-high profiles collected for 240 s at 100 Hz, at a streamwise spacing of 0.25 m and cross-stream spacing of 0.20 m. To quantify the impact of the macroalgae, measurements were repeated over a sparser grid after the region had been completely cleared of algae and major roughness elements.

关键词： dealiasing laminaria digitata turbulence vectrino profiler velocity profile

Learning the optimal power flow:environment design matters

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energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 432-443页

作者： thomas Wolgast Astrid Nieße Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Department of Computing ScienceDigitalized Energy SystemsAmmerländer Heerstraße 114-118Oldenburg26129Germany

To solve the optimal power flow(OPF)problem,reinforcement learning(RL)emerges as a promising new ***,the RL-OPF literature is strongly divided regarding the exact formulation of the OPF problem as an RL *** this work,we collect and implement diverse environment design decisions from the literature regarding training data,observation space,episode definition,and reward function *** an experimental analysis,we show the significant impact of these environment design options on RL-OPF training ***,we derive some first recommendations regarding the choice of these design *** created environment framework is fully open-source and can serve as a benchmark for future research in the RL-OPF field.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Optimal power flow environment design economic Dispatch Voltage control Reactive power market