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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 311-321页

作者： Shahid Parvez Glenn E.Rice Linda K.Teuschler Jane Ellen Simmons thomas F.Speth Susan D.Richardson Richard J.Miltner E.Sidney Hunter Ⅲ Jonathan G.Pressman Lillian F.Strader Gary R.Klinefelter Jerome M.Goldman Michael G.Narotsky Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences IUPUI Campus Indianapolis IN 46202 USA National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Lincla Teuschler and Associates St. Petersburg FL 33707 USA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA

A method based on regression modeling was developed to discern the contribution of component chemicals to the toxicity of highly complex, environmentally realistic mixtures of disinfection byproducts（DBPs）. Chemical disinfection of drinking water forms DBP *** of concerns about possible reproductive and developmental toxicity, a whole mixture（WM） of DBPs produced by chlorination of a water concentrate was administered as drinking water to Sprague–Dawley（S–D） rats in a multigenerational study. Age of puberty acquisition,i.e., preputial separation（PPS） and vaginal opening（VO）, was examined in male and female offspring, respectively. When compared to controls, a slight, but statistically significant delay in puberty acquisition was observed in females but not in males. WM-induced differences in the age at puberty acquisition were compared to those reported in S–D rats administered either a defined mixture（DM） of nine regulated DBPs or individual DBPs. Regression models were developed using individual animal data on age at PPS or VO from the DM study. Puberty acquisition data reported in the WM and individual DBP studies were then compared with the DM models. The delay in puberty acquisition observed in the WM-treated female rats could not be distinguished from delays predicted by the DM regression model, suggesting that the nine regulated DBPs in the DM might account for much of the delay observed in the WM. This method is applicable to mixtures of other types of chemicals and other endpoints.

关键词： Drinking water disinfection byproducts DBP Puberty delay Four Lab Study Mixtures risk assessment

Beans with Benefits—The Role of Mungbean (<i>Vigna radiate</i>) in a Changing Environment

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 1577-1600页

作者： Lisa Pataczek Zahir Ahmad Zahir Maqshoof Ahmad Saima Rani Ramakrishnan Nair Roland Schafleitner Georg Cadisch thomas Hilger Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics Agronomy in the Tropics and Subtropics (490e) University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan Agricultural Economics Research Institute PARC National Agricultural Research Center Islamabad Pakistan The World Vegetable Center South Asia Hyderabad India Biotechnology and Molecular Breeding The World Vegetable Center Taiwan

Dryland areas are experiencing low agricultural yields due to severe water shortages and salinity, leading to food scarcity. Mungbean (Vigna radiate) is gaining attention as a short-season crop that can tolerate dryland conditions, and fix atmospheric nitrogen, decreasing soil nutrient depletion. It is a source of high-quality protein for human consumption and can serve as a multipurpose crop, if harvest residues are used as fodder or green manure. However, little of this legume’s potential has been explored. This review aims to underline the importance of mungbean as an agricultural crop by reviewing relevant literature on the potential contribution of mungbean to food security and a balanced diet as well as the effect of mungbean cultivation on farm income and gender equality. The challenges of climate change in plant production are discussed, and how progress in mungbean breeding and the application of improved cultivation techniques, such as regulated deficit irrigation, conservation agriculture, and inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria can overcome them.

关键词： Adaption Strategies PGPR Food Security Residual Effects Conservation Agriculture

Towards Enhanced Program Comprehension for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Systems

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2013年第9期6卷 435-445页

作者： Eman El-Sheikh thomas Reichherzer Laura White Norman Wilde John Coffey Sikha Bagui George Goehring Arthur Baskin Department of Computer Science University of West Florida Pensacola USA Intelligent Information Technologies Corporation Indianapolis USA

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an emerging paradigm for orchestrating software components to build new composite applications that enable businesses, government agencies and other organizations to collaborate across institutional boundaries. SOA offers new languages and a variety of software development tools that enable software engineers to configure software as services and to interconnect services with other services independent of differences in operating platform and programming and communicating languages. However, SOA composite applications introduce additional complexity into the construction, deployment and maintenance of software, for the purpose of aggravating the issue of program comprehension, which is at the heart of software maintenance. This article describes the challenges in SOA program comprehension and reports on the results of a two-part case study aimed at identifying information that would help a SOA software maintainer. Analysis of the results indicates a need for higher-level abstractions and visualizations that can enhance conventional text-based search to support SOA program understanding. This paper then reports on several specific abstractions, visualization methods, and the development of an intelligent search tool to enhance comprehension of the relationships and data within a SOA composite application.

关键词： Service Oriented Architecture Software Maintenance Program Comprehension Intelligent Search Abstraction Visualization Web Services

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五味之地

Geophysical Interpretation of Possible Gold Mineralization Zones in Kyerano, South-Western Ghana Using Aeromagnetic and Radiometric Datasets

作者： (德)贺东劢(thomas O. Hollmann)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第4期3卷 67-82页

作者： David Dotse Wemegah Kwasi Preko Reginald Mensah Noye Benjamin Boadi Aboagye Menyeh Sylvester Kojo Danuor thomas Amenyoh Geophysics Section Department of Physics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana HydroGeophysics Group (HGG) Department of Earth Sciences University of Aarhus Aarhus Denmark Department of Earth Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana

Airborne magnetic and radiometric datasets are used to interpret the geology and geological structural patterns which serve as potential gold mineralization zones in the Kyerano area located at south-western boundary of the prospective Sefwi Gold Belt and the Kumasi Basin in south-western Ghana. The geophysical data processing approach adopted concentrated on mapping geological boundaries, geological structures and possible gold mineralization zones is link to hydrothermally altered zones. The application of the enhancement filtering algorithms such as the reduction to the pole and analytic signal to the magnetic data, as well as the ternary radiometric image aided in the mapping of the mafic metavolcanics, basin metasediments and the belt-type granitoid complexes. The first vertical derivative and tilt angle derivative filters helped to delineate fractures, folds, and the contact zones of the formations such as that of the metavolcanics-metasediments that host the main Bibiani Shear Zone. Lineament analysis of the structures using rose diagram, reveals two main tectonic episodes in the area. These are NE-SW and NNW-SSE trending regional structures which account for about 90% of the extracted structures and are associated with the D1 and D2 deformational episodes of the Birimian Formation respectively. These structures are major fracture systems and play a pivotal role in the localization of gold mineralization in the study area.

关键词： Aeromagnetic Aeroradiometric Fault Shear Zones Structures

Microwave Design and Performance of PTB 10 V Circuits for the Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2014年第3期4卷 107-122页

作者： Franz Müller thomas J. Scheller Jinni Lee Ralf Behr Luis Palafox Marco Schubert Johannes Kohlmann Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig Germany

At Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), superconducting 10 V circuits for the programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) are routinely manufactured on the basis of NbxSi1-x barrier junctions. This paper describes in detail the basic design principles for an operating frequency of 70 GHz. It starts with single junctions, discusses their insertion into microstriplines and closes with the whole microwave circuit containing 69,632 NbxSi1-x barrier junctions arranged over 128 microstriplines connected in parallel. The microwave attenuation of this junction type is a key parameter for the 10 V design and we report its experimental determination. Special attention has been devoted to subarrays with just a few Josephson junctions in one of the outermost striplines. The arrangement of these subarrays determines the optimum performance of the complete 10 V series array. The high performance of programmable 10 V circuits fabricated at PTB is characterized by measured operating margins in all subarrays of more than 1 mA centered at the same dc bias current. The observed modulation of the current margins, when changing the frequency around 70 GHz, is explained by microwave reflections caused by the rf waveguide inside the cryoprobe. We determine the current margins in dependence of the output power of a microwave synthesizer and show that 60 mW is sufficient to achieve current margins larger than 1 mA.

关键词： Josephson Voltage Standard Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) SNS Josephson Junction NbxSi1-x Josephson Junction

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18世纪北美的共和主义与洛克哲学

Is cardiac MRI an effective test for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy diagnosis?

作者： (美)潘戈(thomas L. Pangle)

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World Journal of Cardiology 2014年第7期6卷 675-681页

作者： Santhi Chellamuthu Alyson M Smith Steven M thomas Catherine Hill Peter W G Brown Abdallah Al-Mohammad Department of Radiology Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS trustNorthern General HospitalSheffield S5 7AUUnited Kingdom Alyson M Smith Abdallah Al-MohammadDepartment of CardiologySheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustNorthern General HospitalSheffield S5 7AUUnited Kingdom

AIM:To evaluate the referrals with suspected arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)and compare cardiac MR(cMR)findings against clinical ***:A retrospective analysis of 114(age range16 to 83,males 55%and females 45%)patients referred for cMR with a suspected diagnosis of ARVC between May 2006 and February 2010 was performed after obtaining institutional approval for service *** for referral including clinical symptoms and family history of sudden death,electrocardiogram and echo abnormalities,cMR findings,final clinical diagnosis and information about clinical management were *** results of cMR were classified as major,minor,non-specific or negative depending on both functional and tissue characterisation and the cMR results were compared against the final clinical ***:The most common reasons for referral included arrhythmias(30%)and a family history of sudden death(20%).Of the total cohort of 114 patients:4 patients(4%)had major cMR findings for ARVC,13patients(11%)had minor cMR findings,2 patients had non-specific cMR findings relating to the right ventricle and 95 patients had a negative *** the 4 patients who had major cMR findings,3(75%)had a positive clinical *** contrast,of the 13 patients who had minor cMR findings,only 2(15%)had a positive clinical *** of the 95 negative patients,clinical details were available for 81 patients and none of them had *** the 14 patients with no clinical data and final diagnosis,the sensitivity of the test was 100%,specificity 87%,positive predictive value29%and the negative predictive value 100%.CONCLUSION:CMR is a useful tool for ARVC evaluation because of the high negative predictive value as the outcome has a significant impact on the clinical decision-making.

关键词： Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy Right ventricular Arrhythmias Magnetic resonance imaging Diagnosis Implantable cardiac defibrillator

Soluble MICB in Plasma and Urine Explains Population Expansions of NKG2D<sup>+</sup>CD4 T Cells Inpatients with Juvenile-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Open Journal of Immunology 2017年第1期7卷 1-17页

作者： Satoru Hamada Andrea Caballero-Benitez Kate L. Duran Anne M. Stevens thomas Spies Veronika Groh Clinical Research Division Fred Hutch Seattle WA USA Department of Pediatrics Ryukyus University Okinawa Prefecture Nishihara Japan Division of Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Medicine Seattle WA USA Center for Immunity and Immuno Therapies Seattle Children’s Research Institute Seattle WA USA

Abnormal NKG2D ligand expression has been implicated in the initiation and maintenance of various auto-inflammatory disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study’s goal was to identify the cellular contexts providing NKG2D ligands for stimulation of the immunosuppressive NKG2D+CD4 T cell subset that has been implicated in modulating juvenile-onset SLE disease activity. Although previous observations with NKG2D+CD4 T cells in healthy individuals pointed towards peripheral B cell and myeloid cell compartments as possible sites of enhanced NKG2DL presence, we found no evidence for a disease-associated increase of NKG2DL-positivity among juvenile-onset SLE B cells and monocytes. However, juvenile-onset SLE patient plasma and matched urine samples were positive by ELISA for the soluble form of the NKG2D ligands MICA and MICB, suggesting that kidney and/or peripheral blood may constitute the NKG2DL positive microenvironments driving NKG2D+CD4 T cell population expansions in this disease.

关键词： NKG2D Ligands NKG2D+ CD4 T Cells Juvenile-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus B Cells Monocytes