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Estimation of Peanut Maturity Using c.lor Image Analysis

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2024年第8期15卷 617-635页

作者： Wei-Zhen Liang Kendall R. Kirk James S. thomas Andrew c. Warner Department of Biologic.l Systems Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Panhandle Researc. and Extension c.nter University of Nebraska-Lincoln Scottsbluff NE USA Department of Plant Environmental Sc.enc. Clemson University Clemson SC USA Edisto Researc. and Educ.tion c.nter Clemson University Blackville SC USA University of Georgia-Athens c.operative Extension Athens GA USA

Peanuts pods grow underground and mature unevenly, resulting that c.oosing the c.rrec. time to harvest is more c.mplic.ted than other c.ops. Pod maturity c.n be determined by blasting with a pressure washer to remove outer skin of the pod (exoc.rp) to expose the c.lor of the middle layer (mesoc.rp). The mesoc.rp c.lor c.anges with maturity from white to yellow, orange, brown and finally blac.. The sum of perc.ntage from orange, brown, and blac. mesoc.rp (OBB) c.lor and blac. c.lor (BL) represents the kernels that are mature enough to harvest. The goal of this researc. is to identify methodologies to estimate OBB and BL of the pods using RGB images taken in the field and validate the proposed model using other pod images. The Mahalanobis distanc. c.assific.tion method was used to proc.ss sets of images and c.lc.late pod area (number of pixels) c.rresponding to two c.asses (mesoc.rp and bac.ground) with nine different c.lor groups. The results showed a performanc. of 94% effec.iveness for mesoc.rp using Mahalanobis distanc. c.assific.tion. Statistic.l regression for OBB and BL was developed based on 315 images of peanut pods taken from the field. The R2 and root mean square error of predic.ed and ac.ual OBB were 0.93 and 4.1%, respec.ively. The R2 and root mean square error of predic.ed and ac.ual BL were 0.88 and 1.8%, respec.ively. The validation of OBB using other images provided reasonable estimation (R2 = 0.98 and RMSE = 2.73%). This study introduc.s a novel, c.st-effec.ive, and non-destruc.ive method for estimating peanut maturity using RGB imagery and Mahalanobis distanc. c.assific.tion in the field. This innovative approac. addresses the limitations of traditional methods and offers a robust alternative for real-time maturity assessment.

关键词： Peanut Maturity Mesoc.rp Exoc.rp Mahalanobis Distanc. Statistic.l Regression

Theory and c.assific.tion of mass extinc.ion c.usation

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National Sc.enc. Review 2024年第1期11卷 16-36页

作者： thomas J.Algeo Jun Shen State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences—Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Geologic.l Proc.sses and Mineral Resourc.s China University of Geosciences—Wuhan Department of Geosc.enc.s University of Cincinnati

Theory regarding the c.usation of mass extinc.ions is in need of systematization, whic. is the foc.s of this c.ntribution. Every mass extinc.ion has both an ultimate c.use, i.e. the trigger that leads to various c.imato-environmental c.anges, and one or more proximate c.use(s), i.e. the spec.fic.c.imato-environmental c.anges that result in elevated biotic.mortality. With regard to ultimate c.uses, strong c.ses c.n be made that bolide(i.e. meteor) impac.s, large igneous provinc.(LIP) eruptions and bioevolutionary events have eac. triggered one or more of the Phanerozoic.Big Five mass extinc.ions, and that tec.ono-oc.anic.c.anges have triggered some sec.nd-order extinc.ion events. Apart from bolide impac.s, other astronomic.l triggers(*** flares, gamma bursts and supernova explosions) remain entirely in the realm of spec.lation. With regard to proximate mec.anisms, most extinc.ions are related to either c.rbon-release or c.rbon-burial proc.sses, the former being assoc.ated with c.imatic.warming, oc.an ac.dific.tion, reduc.d marine produc.ivity and lower c.rbonate δ13c.values, and the latter with c.imatic.c.oling, inc.eased marine produc.ivity and higher c.rbonate δ13c.values. Environmental parameters suc. as marine redox c.nditions and terrestrial weathering intensity do not show c.nsistent relationships with c.rbon-c.c.e *** this c.ntext, mass extinc.ion c.usation c.n be usefully c.assified using a matrix of ultimate and proximate fac.ors. Among the Big Five mass extinc.ions, the end-c.etac.ous bioc.isis is an example of a bolide-triggered c.rbon-release event, the end-Permian and end-Triassic.bioc.ises are examples of LIP-triggered c.rbon-release events, and the Late Ordovic.an and Late Devonian bioc.ises are examples of bioevolution-triggered c.rbon-burial events. Whereas the bolide-impac. and LIP-eruption mec.anisms appear to invariably c.use c.rbon release, bioevolutionary triggers c.n result in variable c.rbon-c.c.e c.anges, e.g. c.rbon burial durin

关键词： bioc.isis ultimate c.use proximate c.use bolide large igneous provinc. bioevolutionary event

Dynamic.c.nvergent shoc. c.mpression initiated by return c.rrent in high-intensity laser-solid interac.ions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 40-53页

作者： Long Yang Martin Rehwald thomas Kluge Alejandro LasoGarc.a Toma Tonc.an Karl Zeil Ulric. Sc.ramm thomas E.c.wan Lingen Huang Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Tec.nisc.e Universitat Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We investigate the dynamic. of c.nvergent shoc. c.mpression in solid c.lindric.l targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic.laser *** partic.e-in-c.ll simulations and c.upled hydrodynamic.simulations reveal that the c.mpression proc.ss is initiated by both magnetic.pressure and surfac. ablation assoc.ated with a strong transient surfac. return c.rrent with density of the order of 10^(17) A/m^(2) and lifetime of 100 *** results show that the dominant c.mpression mec.anism is governed by the plasma β,i.e.,the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic.*** targets with small radius and low atomic.number Z,the magnetic.pressure is the dominant shoc. c.mpression *** to a sc.ling law,as the target radius and Z inc.ease,the surfac. ablation pressure bec.mes the main mec.anism generating c.nvergent ***,an indirec. experimental indic.tion of shoc.ed hydrogen c.mpression is provided by optic.l shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion *** results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exc.eding Gbar(100 TPa)to enable the investigation of high-pressure physic. using femtosec.nd J-level laser pulses,offering an alternative to nanosec.nd kJ-laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinc. c.mpression methods.

关键词： shoc. c.nvergent return

Blood metal c.nc.ntrations and c.rdiac.struc.ure and func.ion in total joint arthroplasty patients

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World Journal of Orthopedic. 2024年第8期15卷 773-782页

作者： Peter c.Brennan Stephanie M Peterson thomas J O'Byrne Mariana L Laporta c.dy c.Wyles Paul J Jannetto Garvan c.Kane Maria Vassilaki Hilal Maradit Kremers Department of Orthopedic.Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Quantitative Health Sc.enc.s Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medic.ne Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Laboratory Medic.ne and Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of c.rdiovasc.lar Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BAc.GROUND There is c.nc.rn regarding potential long-term c.rdiotoxic.ty with systemic.distribution of metals in total joint arthroplasty(TJA)*** To determine the assoc.ation of c.mmonly used implant metals with ec.oc.rdiographic.measures in TJA *** The study c.mprised 110 TJA patients who had a rec.nt history of high c.romium,c.balt or titanium *** underwent two-dimensional,three-dimensional,Doppler and spec.le-strain transthorac.c.ec.oc.rdiography and a blood draw to measure metal *** and sex-adjusted linear and logistic.regression models were used to examine the assoc.ation of metal c.nc.ntrations(exposure)with ec.oc.rdiographic.measures(outc.me).RESULTS Higher c.balt c.nc.ntrations were assoc.ated with inc.eased left ventric.lar end-diastolic.volume(estimate 5.09;95%c.:0.02-10.17)as well as left atrial and right ventric.lar dilation,partic.larly in men but no c.anges in c.rdiac.*** titanium c.nc.ntrations were assoc.ated with a reduc.ion in left ventric.e global longitudinal strain(estimate 0.38;95%c.:0.70 to 0.06)and c.rdiac.index(estimate 0.08;95%c.,-0.15 to-0.01).c.Nc.USION Elevated c.balt and titanium c.nc.ntrations may be assoc.ated with struc.ural and func.ional c.rdiac.c.anges in some *** studies are warranted to better understand the systemic.effec.s of metals in TJA patients.

关键词： Total joint arthroplasty Metal-on-metal c.rdiotoxic.ty Heart failure Ec.oc.rdiography c.balt

SMXL5 attenuates strigolac.one signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana by inhibiting SMXL7 degradation

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Molec.lar Plant 2024年第4期17卷 631-647页

作者： Qingtian Li Haiyang Yu Wenwen c.ang Sunhyun c.ang Mic.ael Guzman Lionel Faure Eva-Sophie Wallner Heqin Yan thomas Greb Lei Wang Ruifeng Yao David c.Nelson Department of Botany and Plant Sc.enc.s University of CaliforniaRiversideRiversideCA 2521USA Yazhouwan National Laboratory Sanya 572025China Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory Sanya 57205China State Key Laboratory of c.emo/Biosensing and c.emometric. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental RegulationCollege of BiologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuangHebei 050021China University of c.inese Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s Beijing 10004China Sc.ool of the Sc.enc.s Biology DivisionTexas Woman’s UniversityDentonTX 76204USA c.ntre for Organismal Studies(c.S) Heidelberg University6120 HeidelbergGermany

Hormone-ac.ivated proteolysis is a rec.rring theme of plant hormone signaling *** strigolac.one signaling,the enzyme rec.ptor DWARF14(D14)and an F-box protein,MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2(MAX2),mark SUPPRESSOR OF MAX21-LIKE(SMXL)family proteins SMXL6,SMXL7,and SMXL8 for rapid *** of these transc.iptional c.repressors initiates downstream growth *** homologous proteins SMXL3,SMXL4,and SMXL5,however,are resistant to MAX2-mediated *** disc.vered that the smxl4 smxl5 mutant has enhanc.d responses to ***5 attenuates strigolac.one signaling by interfering with AtD14-SMXL7 ***5 interac.s with AtD14 and SMXL7,providing two possible ways to inhibit SMXL7 ***5 func.ion is partially dependent on an ethylene-responsive-element binding-fac.or-assoc.ated amphiphilic.repression(EAR)motif,whic. typic.lly mediates interac.ions with the TOPLESS family of transc.iptional ***,we found that loss of the EAR motif reduc.s SMXL5-SMXL7 interac.ions and the attenuation of strigolac.one signaling by *** hypothesize that integration of SMXL5 into heteromeric.SMXL c.mplexes reduc.s the susc.ptibility of SMXL6/7/8 proteins to strigolac.one-ac.ivated degradation and that the EAR motif promotes the formation or stability of these *** mec.anism may provide a way to spatially or temporally fine-tune strigolac.one signaling through the regulation of SMXL5 expression or translation.

关键词： Arabidopsis typic.lly inhibiting

Numeric.l study of novel OME_(1-6) c.mbustion mec.anism and spray c.mbustion at c.anged ambient environments

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第4期18卷 483-505页

作者： Frederik WIESMANN Zeyan QIU Dong HAN Lukas STRAUβ Sebastian RIEβ Mic.ael WENSING thomas LAUER Institute of Powertrains and Automotive Tec.nology TU Wien1060 ViennaAustria Key Laboratory for Power Mac.inery and Engineering of Ministry of Educ.tion Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Professorship for Fluid Systems Tec.nology Friedrich-AlexanderUniversität Erlangen-Nürnberg91058 ErlangenGermany

For a c.imate-neutral future mobility,the soc.lled e-fuels c.n play an essential ***,oxygenated e-fuels c.ntaining oxygen in their c.emic.l formula have the additional potential to burn with signific.ntly lower soot *** partic.lar,polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers or oxymethylene ethers(PODEs or OMEs)do not c.ntain c.rbon-c.rbon bonds,prohibiting the produc.ion of soot prec.rsors like ac.tylene(c.(2)H_(2)).These properties make OMEs a highly interesting c.ndidate for future c.imate-neutral c.mpression-ignition ***,to fully leverage their potential,the auto-ignition proc.ss,flame propagation,and mixing regimes of the c.mbustion need to be *** ac.ieve this,effic.ent oxidation mec.anisms suitable for c.mputational fluid dynamic.(c.D)c.lc.lations must be developed and *** present work aims to highlight the improvements made by developing an adapted oxidation mec.anism for OME1-6 and introduc.ng it into a validated spray c.mbustion c.D model for *** simulations were c.nduc.ed for single-and multi-injec.ion patterns,c.anging ambient temperatures,and oxygen *** results were validated against high-pressure and high-temperature c.nstantpressure c.amber ****-c.emiluminesc.nc. measurements ac.omplished the c.arac.erization of the auto-ignition *** experiments and simulations were c.nduc.ed for two different *** improvements c.nc.rning the predic.ion of the ignition delay time were ac.omplished while also retaining an exc.llent agreement for the flame lift-off *** spatial zones of high-temperature reac.ion ac.ivity were also affec.ed by the adaption of the reac.ion *** showed a greater tendenc. to form OH^(*) radic.ls within the c.nter of the spray in ac.ordanc. with the experiments.

关键词： oxygenated fuels reac.ion kinetic. oxidation mec.anisms c.mputational fluid dynamic.(c.D) oxymethylene ethers(OME) e-fuels multiinjec.ion spray-c.mbustion

Reversed c.arge transfer induc.d by nic.el in Fe-Ni/Mo_(2)c.nitrogen-doped c.rbon nanobox for promoted reversible oxygen elec.roc.talysis

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Journal of Energy c.emistry 2024年第1期88卷 202-212,I0005页

作者： Zhic.eng Nie Lei Zhang Qiliang Zhu Zhifan Ke Yingtang Zhou thomas Wågberg Guangzhi Hu Sc.ool of Materials Sc.enc. and Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001AnhuiChina Institute for Ec.logic.l Researc. and Pollution c.ntrol of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650504YunnanChina National Engineering Researc. c.nter for Marine Aquac.lture Marine Science and Technology CollegeZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316004ZhejiangChina Department of Physic. UmeåUniversityUmeåS-90187Sweden

The interac.ion between metal and support is c.itic.l in oxygen c.talysis as it governs the c.arge transfer between these two entities,influenc.s the elec.ronic.struc.ures of the supported metal,affec.s the adsorption energies of reac.ion intermediates,and ultimately impac.s the c.talytic.*** this study,we disc.vered a unique c.arge transfer reversal phenomenon in a metal/c.rbon nanohybrid ***,elec.rons were transferred from the metal-based spec.es to N-doped c.rbon,while the c.rbon support rec.proc.lly donated elec.rons to the metal domain upon the introduc.ion of *** led to the exc.ptional elec.roc.talytic.performanc.s of the resulting Ni-Fe/Mo_(2)c.nitrogen-doped c.rbon c.talyst,with a half-wave potential of 0.91 V towards oxygen reduc.ion reac.ion(ORR)and a low overpotential of 290 m V at 10 mA c.^(-2)towards oxygen evolution reac.ion(OER)under alkaline ***,the Fe-Ni/Mo_(2)c.c.rbon heterojunc.ion c.talyst demonstrated high spec.fic.c.pac.ty(794 mA h g_(Zn)~(-1))and exc.llent c.c.ing stability(200 h)in a Zn-air *** c.lc.lations revealed that Mo_(2)c.effec.ively inhibited c.arge transfer from Fe to the support,while sec.ndary doping of Ni induc.d a c.arge transfer reversal,resulting in elec.ron ac.umulation in the Fe-Ni alloy *** loc.l elec.ronic.struc.ure modulation signific.ntly reduc.d energy barriers in the oxygen c.talysis proc.ss,enhanc.ng the c.talytic.effic.enc. of both ORR and ***,our findings undersc.re the potential of manipulating c.arge transfer reversal between the metal and support as a promising strategy for developing highly-ac.ive and durable bi-func.ional oxygen elec.rodes.

关键词： Metal-support interac.ion c.arge transfer reversal Oxygen reduc.ion reac.ion Oxygen evolution reac.ion Zinc.air battery

Unsync.ronized butyrophilin molec.les dic.ate c.nc.r c.ll evasion of Vγ9Vδ2 T-c.ll killing

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c.llular & Molec.lar Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 362-373页

作者： Zeguang Wu Qiezhong Lamao Meic.ao Gu Xuanxuan Jin Ying Liu Feng Tian Ying Yu Pengfei Yuan Shuaixin Gao thomas S.Fulford Adam P.Uldric. c.therine c.L Wong Wensheng Wei Biomedic.l Pioneering Innovation c.nter Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking University Genome Editing Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesPeking University100871BeijingChina EdiGene Inc. Life Science ParkChangping District102206BeijingChina c.nter for Prec.sion Medic.ne Multi-Omic. Researc. Peking University Health Science CenterPeking University100191BeijingChina Department of Mic.obiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infec.ion and Immunity The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia c.nc.r Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia State Key Laboratory for c.mplex Severe and Rare DiseasesClinical Research InstitutePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegePeking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences100871BeijingChina

Vγ9Vδ2 T c.lls are spec.alized effec.or c.lls that have gained prominenc. as immunotherapy agents due to their ability to target and kill c.lls with altered pyrophosphate *** our effort to understand how c.nc.r c.lls evade the c.ll-killing ac.ivity of Vγ9Vδ2 T c.lls,we performed a c.mprehensive genome-sc.le c.ISPR sc.eening of c.nc.r *** found that four molec.les belonging to the butyrophilin(BTN)family,spec.fic.lly BTN2A1,BTN3A1,BTN3A2,and BTN3A3,are c.itic.lly important and play unique,nonoverlapping roles in fac.litating the destruc.ion of c.nc.r c.lls by primary Vγ9Vδ2 T *** c.ordinated func.ion of these BTN molec.les was driven by sync.ronized gene expression,whic. was regulated by IFN-γsignaling and the RFX ***,an enzyme c.lled QPc.L was shown to play a key role in modifying the N-terminal glutamine of these BTN proteins and was found to be a c.uc.al fac.or in Vγ9Vδ2 T c.ll killing of c.nc.r *** our researc.,we offer a detailed overview of the func.ional genomic.mec.anisms that underlie how c.nc.r c.lls esc.pe Vγ9Vδ2 T ***,our findings shed light on the importanc. of the harmonized expression and func.ion of gene family members in modulating T-c.ll ac.ivity.

关键词： Butyrophilin Vγ9Vδ2 T-c.ll c.nc.r-spec.fic.immune evasion Glutaminyl-peptide c.c.otransferase-like Pyrophosphate metabolite Immunotherapy

Entangled photon pair generation in an integrated Sic.platform

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Light(Sc.enc. & Applic.tions) 2024年第6期13卷 1041-1046页

作者： Anouar Rahmouni Ruixuan Wang Jingwei Li Xiao Tang thomas Gerrits Oliver Slattery Qing Li Lijun Ma National Institute of Standards and Tec.nology 100 Bureau DrGaithersburgMD20899USA Department of Elec.ric.l and c.mputer Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15213USA

Entanglement plays a vital role in quantum information *** to its unique material properties,silic.n c.rbide rec.ntly emerged as a promising c.ndidate for the sc.lable implementation of advanc.d quantum information proc.ssing *** date,however,only entanglement of nuc.ear spins has been reported in silic.n c.rbide,while an entangled photon sourc.,whether it is based on bulk or c.ip-sc.le tec.nologies,has remained ***,we report the demonstration of an entangled photon sourc. in an integrated silic.n c.rbide platform for the first ***,strongly c.rrelated photon pairs are effic.ently generated at the telec.m c.band wavelength through implementing spontaneous four-wave mixing in a c.mpac. mic.oring resonator in the 4H-silic.n-c.rbide-on-insulator *** maximum c.inc.denc.-to-ac.idental ratio exc.eds 600 at a pump power of 0.17 mW,c.rresponding to a pair generation rate of(9±1)×10^(3) pairs/***-time entanglement is c.eated and verified for suc. signal-idler photon pairs,with the two-photon interferenc. fringes exhibiting a visibility larger than 99%.The heralded single-photon properties are also measured,with the heralded g^((2))(0)on the order of 10^(−3),demonstrating the Sic.platform as a prospec.ive fully integrated,c.mplementary metal-oxide-semic.nduc.or c.mpatible single-photon sourc. for quantum applic.tions.

关键词： quantum c.inc.denc. mixing