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Evolution of freshwater Diaporthomycetidae(Sordariomycetes)provides evidence for five new orders and six new families

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第2期107卷 71-105页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde Dan-Feng Bao Sinang Hongsanan K.W.thilini chethana Jing Yang Nakarin Suwannarach Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Research Centre of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Ultilization Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Innovative Institute of Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225PR China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences Dali UniversityDali 671003YunnanPR China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic EngineeringCollege of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouChina Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

Cancellidium is a remarkable fungal genus which has been collected from wood submerged in freshwater and has unique conidia that are important in dispersal in running *** such a remarkable morphology,one would have expected it to be a distinct family or ***,due to the dearth of molecular evidence in related taxa,this genus has previ-ously been placed in the order Hypocreales,subclass Hypocreomycetidae of *** this study,we made three new collections of this remarkable aquatic genus from streams in China and Thailand,isolated them into culture,extracted DNA and carried out multigene phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation which placed the genus in *** is one of the seven subclasses of Sordariomycetes and contains 30 lineages that are only known from *** subclass is therefore of interest when considering the evolution of freshwater *** lineages of Diaporthomycetidae are morphologically unique and taxa cluster with strong support,but have weak support at the base of the *** phylogenetic and MCC trees generated in this study indicate that Aquapteridospora,Barbatosphaeriaceae,Bullimyces,Cancellidium,Ceratolenta,Conlarium,Phialemoniopsis,Pseudostanjehughesia and Rhamphoriaceae are distinct genera/families that evolved in the family/order time *** new orders Barbatosphaeriales(177 MYA),Cancellidiales(137 MYA),Ceratolentales(147 MYA),Conlariales(138 MYA)and Rhamphoriales(133 MYA)and six new families,Aquapteridosporaceae(110 MYA),Cancellidiaceae(137 MYA),Ceratolentaceae(81 MYA),Bullimycetaceae(81 MYA),Phialemoniopsaceae(59 MYA),and Pseudostanjehughesiaceae(111 MYA)are introduced with evidence from phylogenies,divergence estimates and distinct *** these families,Aquapteridosporaceae,Cancellidiaceae,Bullimycetaceae,and Pseudostanjehughesiaceae are only known from freshwater.

关键词： 14 new taxa Evolution Freshwater fungi New family New order

What are fungal species and how to delineate them?

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第4期109卷 1-25页

作者： K.W.thilini chethana Ishara S.Manawasinghe V.G.Hurdeal Chitrabhanu S.Bhunjun M.A.Appadoo Eleni Gentekaki Olivier Raspé Itthayakorn Promputtha Kevin D.Hyde Innovative institute for plant health zhongkai university of agriculture and engineeringguangzhou 510225people’s republic of china center of excellence in fungal research mae fah luang universitychiang rai 57100thailand school of science mae fah luang universitychiang rai 57100thailand department of biology faculty of sciencechiang mai universitychiang mai 50200thailand

This is the opening paper in the special issue of Fungal Diversity,which collates the data on defining *** and recognizing species has long been a controversial *** Darwin’s proposed origin of species,over 30 species criteria have been brought forth and used to define species *** recent times,phylogenetic analyses based on multiple loci have been extensively used as a method to define species ***,only a few mycologists are aware that phylogenetic species criteria can mask discordances among fungal groups,leading to inaccurately defined species *** the current review,we discuss species recognition criteria,how and where these criteria can be applied along with their limitations and derived *** order to delimit fungal species,authors need to take into account not only the phylogenetic and phenotypic coherence,but also the timing of events that lead to fungal speciation and subsequent *** in the rate of phenotypic diversifications and convergent fungal evolution make it difficult to establish a universal species recognition *** best practice can only be defined in the context of each fungal *** this review,we provide a set of guidelines,encouraging an integrative taxonomic approach for species delimitation that can be used to define fungal species boundaries in the *** other papers in this special issue deal with fungal speciation in Ascomycota,Dothideomycetes,Basidiomycota,basal fungi,lichen-forming fungi,plant pathogenic fungi,and yeasts.

关键词： Allopatry Speciation Species concepts Species criteria Species recognition Sympatry

Appressorial interactions with host and their evolution

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第5期110卷 75-107页

作者： K.W.thilini chethana Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Yi-Jyun Chen Sirinapa Konta Saowaluck Tibpromma Chayanard Phukhamsakda Pranami D.Abeywickrama Milan C.Samarakoon Chanokned Senwanna Ausana Mapook Xia Tang Deecksha Gomdola Diana S.Marasinghe Oundhyalah D.Padaruth Abhaya Balasuriya Jianping Xu Saisamorn Lumyong Kevin D.Hyde Innovative institute of plant health zhongkai university of agriculture and engineeringguangzhou 510225people’s republic of china center of excellence in fungal research mae fah luang universitychiang rai 57100thailand school of science mae fah luang universitychiang rai 57100thailand key laboratory for plant diversity and biogeography of east asia kunming institute of botanychinese academy of sciencekunming 650201yunnanpeople’s republic of china beijing key laboratory of environment-friendly management on fruit diseases and pests in north china institute of plant and environment protectionbeijing academy of agriculture and forestry sciencesbeijing 100097people’s republic of china department of biology faculty of sciencechiang mai universitychiang mai 50200thailand engineering and research center for southwest biopharmaceutical resource of national education ministry of china gui zhou universitygui yang 550025gui zhoupeople’s republic of china department of plant sciences faculty of agriculturerajarata university of sri lankaanuradhapurasri lanka department of biology mcmaster university1280 main street westhamiltonon l8s 4k1canada center of excellence in microbial diversity and sustainable utilization faculty of sciencechiang mai universitychiang mai 50200thailand academy of science the royal society of thailandbangkok 10300thailand engineering research center of chinese ministry of education for edible and medicinal fungi jilin agricultural universitychangchun city 130118jilin provincepeople’s republic of china department of entomology and plant pathology faculty of agriculturechiang mai universitychiang mai 50200thailand center for mountain futures kunming institute of botanykunming 650201yunnanpeople’s republic of china

Fungi have evolved diverse strategies to acquire nutrients as endophytes,saprobes,symbionts,or *** have been intensively studied due to their importance in attaching and breaching the host *** specialized infection structures have evolved into various morpho-types:proto-appressoria,hyaline appressoria,melanized(dark)appressoria,and compound *** this review,we discuss the differences in the formation,differentiation,and function of appres-soria among fungi with diverse life *** DNA sequence information,LSU,5.8S,SSU and rpb2 gene fragments,we reconstructed the ancestral states for appressorial types in the main phyla of fungi and fungus-like organisms and found that the hyaline appressoria was the most ancestral *** analysis estimated proto-appressoria diversification during the Mesozoic period(92-239 million years ago),however,its origin remains *** data suggest that these hyaline appressoria diversified into melanized or compound appressoria,with evidence of adaptive radiation.

关键词： Ancestral characters Evolution Host-recognition Hyaline appressoria Infection process Melanized appressoria Proto-appressoria

Ten decadal advances in fungal biology leading towards human well‑being

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第5期116卷 547-614页

作者： Ausana Mapook·Kevin DHyde Kevin D.Hyde Khadija Hassan Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou Adela Cmokova Frank Surup Eric Kuhnert Pathompong Paomephan Tian Cheng Sybren de Hoog Yinggai Song Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Abdullah M.S.Al‑Hatmi Tokameh Mahmoudi Nadia Ponts Lena Studt‑Reinhold Florence Richard‑Forget K.W.thilini chethana Dulanjalee L.Harishchandra Peter E.Mortimer Huili Li Saisamorm Lumyong Worawoot Aiduang Jaturong Kumla Nakarin Suwannarach Chitrabhanu S.Bhunjun Feng‑Ming Yu Qi Zhao Doug Schaefer Marc Stadler Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research(HZI)and German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‑BraunschweigInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Institute of Microbiology Technische Universitat BraunschweigSpielmannstrase 738106 BrunswickGermany Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism Institute of MicrobiologyCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research(BMWZ) Institute for Organic ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverSchneiderberg 3830167 HannoverGermany Department of Biotechnology Faculty of ScienceMahidol University272 Rama VI RoadRatchathewiBangkok 10400Thailand Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina HospitalNijmegenThe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina Microbiology Parasitology and Pathology Graduate ProgramFederal University of ParanaCuritibaBrazil Department of Dermatology Peking University First HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center University of NizwaNizwaOman Department of Biochemistry Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands INRAE UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety(MycSA)33882 Villenave d’OrnonFrance Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology Institute of Microbial GeneticsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna(BOKU)Tulln an der DonauAustria Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China Institute of Plant ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Centre for Mountai

Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human *** the current paper,we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life Science *** examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases;application of–OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production;as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in *** for new diagnostic tools in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs,are also *** addition,two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are *** other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also *** is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward many new fungal and fungus-derived products.

关键词： Biomaterial CRISPR Drug development Morel cultivation Mushroom cultivation Mycotoxin biosynthesis Plastic degradation

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Book reviews

Fungal Diversity 2014年第6期69卷 147-170页

作者： Samantha C.Karunarathna Melvina D’souza Anupama Deranagama Leela Maya Rizal Paul G.Mungai Jingzu Sun K.W.thilini chethana Ishani D.Goonasekara Asha Janadaree Dissanayake W.M.D.N.Wanasinghe Kasun M.Thambugala Dimuthu S.Manamgoda Huili Li Komsit Wisitrassameewong Saowaluck Tibpromma Rekhani H.Perera Sylas Lau Kevin D.Hyde Mae Fah Luang University 333 Moo 1ThasudMuangChiang Rai 57100Thailand

Fungi,as all other organisms need energy for their development and metabolic *** are very sensitive to and competitive for environmental *** assess their surroundings,both below and above ground and estimate how much energy they need for particular tasks,then realize the optimum *** have the ability to control certain environmental *** perceive themselves and can distinguish between other *** process and evaluate information from surroundings and then modify their behavior accordingly.

关键词： processes. organisms. competitive

The amazing potential of fungi:50 ways we can exploit fungi industrially

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Fungal Diversity 2019年第4期97卷 1-136页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde Jianchu Xu Sylvie Rapior Rajesh Jeewon Saisamorn Lumyong Allen Grace T.Niego Pranami D.Abeywickrama Janith V.S.Aluthmuhandiram Rashika S.Brahamanage Siraprapa Brooks Amornrat Chaiyasen K.W.thilini chethana Putarak Chomnunti Clara Chepkirui Boontiya Chuankid Nimali I.de Silva Mingkwan Doilom Craig Faulds Eleni Gentekaki Venkat Gopalan Pattana Kakumyan Dulanjalee Harishchandra Hridya Hemachandran Sinang Hongsanan Anuruddha Karunarathna Samantha C.Karunarathna Sehroon Khan Jaturong Kumla Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Jian-Kui Liu Ningguo Liu Thatsanee Luangharn Allan Patrick G.Macabeo Diana S.Marasinghe Dan Meeks Peter E.Mortimer Peter Mueller Sadia Nadir Karaba N.Nataraja Sureeporn Nontachaiyapoom Meghan O’Brien Watsana Penkhrue Chayanard Phukhamsakda Uma Shaanker Ramanan Achala R.Rathnayaka Resurreccion B.Sadaba Birthe Sandargo Binu C.Samarakoon Danushka S.Tennakoon Ramamoorthy Siva Wasan Sriprom T.S.Suryanarayanan Kanaporn Sujarit Nakarin Suwannarach Thitipone Suwunwong Benjarong Thongbai Naritsada Thongklang Deping Wei S.Nuwanthika Wijesinghe Jake Winiski Jiye Yan Erandi Yasanthika Marc Stadler Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand World Agroforestry Centre East and Central AsiaKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Mushroom Research Foundation 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T.PaPaeA.Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand Aix Marseille Université INRAUMR1163 BBF13288 Marseille Cedex 09France Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China Center of Plant and Environment ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097People’s Republic of China Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability Mae Fah Luang UniversityTasudMuangChiang Rai 57100Thailand Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Center for Mountain Ecosystem Studies Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Institute of Fungal Research School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Department Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Researchand German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)partner site Hannover-BraunschweigInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Chemistry University of Science and TechnologyBannuKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Crop Physiology University of Agricultural SciencesGKVKBengaluruKarnataka 560065India Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai Univers

Fungi are an understudied,biotechnologically valuable group of *** to the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit,and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi,bacteria,and animals,fungi have developed numerous survival *** unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and ***,fungi can be grown with relative ease,making production at scale *** search for fungal biodiversity,and the construction of a living fungi collection,both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel *** manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as *** provide notes and examples for each potential exploitation and give examples from our own work and the work of other notable *** also provide a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential *** have provided the world with penicillin,lovastatin,and other globally significant medicines,and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.

关键词： Biocontrol Biodiversity Biotechnology Food Fungi Mushrooms

Fungal diversity notes 1–110:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第3期72卷 1-197页

作者： Jian Kui Liu Kevin D.Hyde E.B.Gareth Jones Hiran A.Ariyawansa Darbhe J.Bhat Saranyaphat Boonmee Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Eric H.C.McKenzie Rungtiwa Phookamsak Chayanard Phukhamsakda Belle Damodara Shenoy Mohamed A,Abdel-Wahab Bart Buyck Jie Chen K.W.thilini chethana Chonticha Singtripop Dong Qin Dai Yu Cheng Dai Dinushani ADaranagama Asha J.Dissanayake Mingkwan Doilom Melvina J.D’souza Xin Lei Fan Ishani DGoonasekara Kazuyuki Hirayama Sinang Hongsanan Subashini C.Jayasiri Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Samantha C.Karunarathna Wen Jing Li Ausana Mapook Chada Norphanphoun Ka Lai Pang Rekhani H.Perera Derek Peršoh Umpava Pinruan Indunil CSenanayake Sayanh Somrithipol Satinee Suetrong Kazuaki Tanaka Kasun M.Thambugala Qing Tian Saowaluck Tibpromma Danushka Udayanga Nalin N.Wijayawardene Dhanuska Wanasinghe Komsit Wisitrassameewong Xiang Yu Zeng Faten AAbdel-Aziz Slavomir Adamčík Ali H.Bahkali Nattawut Boonyuen Timur Bulgakov Philippe Callac Putarak Chomnunti Katrin Greiner Akira Hashimoto Valerie Hofstetter Ji Chuan Kang David Lewis Xing Hong Li Xing Zhong Liu Zuo Yi Liu Misato Matsumura Peter E.Mortimer Gerhard Rambold Emile Randrianjohany Genki Sato Veera Sri-Indrasutdhi Cheng Ming Tian Annemieke Verbeken Wolfgang von Brackel Yong Wang Ting Chi Wen Jian Chu Xu Ji Ye Yan Rui Lin Zhao Erio Camporesi Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouChina Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Botany and Microbiology King Saudi UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Formerly Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoaIndia No.128/1–J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaGoa VelhaIndia Muséum national d’histoire naturelle Dépt.Systématique etévolutionUMR 720575005 ParisFrance Institute of Microbiology&Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control Beijing Forestry UniversityPO Box 61Beijing 100083China Institute of Plant and Environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesNo.9 of Shu Guang Hua Yuan Zhong LuHaidian DistrictBeijing 10097China The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Mycology University of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095440 BayreuthGermany The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate University18-8 Ueda 3 chomeMorioka 020-8550Japan Apple Experiment Station Aomori Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center24 FukutamiBotandairaKuroishiAomori 036-0332Japan Department of Plant Protection Agroscope Changins-Wadenswil Research Station ACWRte de Duiller1260 NyonSwitzerland Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceSohag UniversitySohagEgypt Institute of Botany Slovak Academy of SciencesDúbravskácesta 984523 BratislavaSlovakia Hirosaki University Bleakwood262 CR 3062NewtonTexas 75966USA Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Hirosaki University3 Bunkyo-choHirosakiAomori

This paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa,including one new family,10 new genera,and 76 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic *** new family,Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced based on its distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes and its unique *** family is sister to Biatriosporaceae and *** new genera are Allophaeosphaeria(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Amphibambusa(Amphisphaeriaceae),Brunneomycosphaerella(Capnodiales genera incertae cedis),Chaetocapnodium(Capnodiaceae),Flammeascoma(Anteagloniaceae),Multiseptospora(Pleosporales genera incertae cedis),Neogaeumannomyces(Magnaporthaceae),Palmiascoma(Bambusicolaceae),Paralecia(Squamarinaceae)and Sarimanas(Melanommataceae).The newly described species are the Ascomycota Aliquandostipite manochii,Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis,***,Alternaria cesenica,Amphibambusa bambusicola,Amphisphaeria sorbi,Annulohypoxylon thailandicum,Atrotorquata spartii,Brunneomycosphaerella laburni,Byssosphaeria musae,Camarosporium aborescentis,***,***,Chaetocapnodium siamensis,Chaetothyrium agathis,Colletotrichum sedi,Conicomyces pseudotransvaalensis,Cytospora berberidis,***,Diaporthe thunbergiicola,Diatrype palmicola,Dictyosporium aquaticum,***,***,Didymella cirsii,Dinemasporium nelloi,Flammeascoma bambusae,Kalmusia italica,***,Keissleriella sparticola,Lauriomyces synnematicus,Leptosphaeria ebuli,Lophiostoma pseudodictyosporium,***,Lophiotrema eburnoides,Montagnula graminicola,Multiseptospora thailandica,Myrothecium macrosporum,Natantispora unipolaris,Neogaeumannomyces bambusicola,Neosetophoma clematidis,***,Oxydothis atypica,Palmiascoma gregariascomum,Paraconiothyrium nelloi,***,Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola,Paralecia pratorum,Paraphaeosphaeria spartii,Pestalotiopsis digitalis,***,***,Phaeoisaria pseudoclematidis,Phragmocapnias philippinensis,Pseudocamarosporium cotinae,Pseudocercospora tam

关键词： Ascomycota Basidiomycota Global Taxonomy Initiative Phylogeny Taxonomy

Etiological agents causing leptospirosis in Sri Lanka:A review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第4期9卷 381-385页

作者： Chamidri Naotunna Suneth Buddhika Agampodi thilini Chanchala Agampodi Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Allied SciencesRajarata University of Sri Lanka

Objective:To systematically review the etiological agent causing human leptospirosis in Sri ***:Published ailicles on leptospirosis and Leptospira in Sri Lanka were all reviewed to determine serovar,strain and species level indentification of *** screening process.74 full text articles/reports were reviewed and among of them.12 published papers describing isolation of Leptospira from Sri Lankan patients/animals.5 molecular epidemiology papers on newer typing methods citing Sri Lanka isolates,with a descriptions of the isolates and 6 published papers reporting PCR based species level identification were ***:Published literature showed that more than 40 strains classified under at least 20 serovars and 10 serogroups have been isolated from Sri *** isolates belong to four species,*** interrogans,Leptospira *** borgpetersenii,and Leptospira *** *** studies on direct patient samples without culture and isolation showed Leptospira from Leptospira weilli is also circulating in Sri *** locus sequence typing showed L3 genotypes of Leptospira from Sri Lankan ***:This review shows the diversity of Leptospira in Sri Lanka,but culture isolation data has not been published in Sri Lanka during last 30 years.

关键词： Leptospira Leptospirosis Sri Lanka Serovar Strain Species

Natural antioxidants in the management of Parkinson's disease: Review of evidence from cell line and animal models

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第4期19卷 300-310页

作者： Reem Abdul-Latif Ieva Stupans Ayman Allahham Benu Adhikari thilini Thrimawithana Discipline of Pharmacy School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology UniversityBundooraVIC 3084Australia Biosciences and Food Technology School of ScienceRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology UniversityBundooraVIC 3084Australia

Parkinson’s disease(PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease. It results from the death of dopaminergic neurons. The pathophysiological mechanisms in idiopathic PD include the production of α-synuclein and mitochondrial respiratory function-affecting complex I, caused by reactive oxygen ***, the use of natural antioxidants in PD may provide an alternative therapy that prevents oxidative stress and reduces disease progression. In this review, the effects of hydroxytyrosol, Ginkgo biloba,Withania somnifera, curcumin, green tea, and Hypericum perforatum in PD animal and cell line models are compared and discussed. The reviewed antioxidants show evidence of protecting neural cells from oxidative stress in animal and cell models of PD. However, the clinical efficacy of these phytochemicals needs to be optimised and further investigated.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Neurodegeneration Antioxidants Plant Alternative and complementary medicine