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Status of New HIV Infections among Infants Born of HIV Positive Mothers on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第4期8卷 347-365页

作者： Mercy Nyanchama Abere Grace Moraa Omoni theresa Mary Odero Peter Ondieki Atai Community Health Nursing University of Nairobi Eldoret Kenya School of Nursing Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Community Health Nursing School of Nursing Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Memorial Hospital Ministry of Defence Force Nairobi Kenya

Introduction: The goal of Prevention of Mother to child Transmission (PMTCT) is to minimize new HIV infection with PMTCT interventions which can reduce to as low as 2%. Gusii region is number 5 among counties that contribute to 65% of new HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in infections in Kenya. The study was to determine the prevalence of new HIV infections among infants (3 - 18 months) born of HIV positive mothers on PMTCT follow up at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH). Method: This was a descriptive cross sectional study involving 96 infants born of HIV positive mothers on PMTCT programme at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH) was conducted. The infants were between 3 to 18 months of age. The infants were investigated for their HIV status and factors associated with prevalence. The data collection was done during postnatal checkups, antiretroviral treatment follow up and immunization schedule. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: 13.5% (95% C.I = 10.1% to 16.9%) were found to be positive despite their mothers being on PMTCT program. There was no significant difference between gender and status of the infant (χ2 = 0.758, df = 1, p-value = 0.0384). Conclusion: The study confirms that there are still new HIV infections despite being followed up in the PMTCT program. The new HIV infections were associated with mixed feeding. Recommendation: Counseling on Infant feeding, use of ant-retroviral treatment and support from partners should be strengthen in the PMTCT program to ensure reduction of new HIV infections.

关键词： HIV Exposed Infants HIV Status HIV Positive Mothers PMTCT Follow Up New HIV Infections

赴非中国施工企业的综合安全管理评估与高空坠落风险研究

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赴非中国施工企业的综合安全管理评估与高空坠落风险研究

作者：王冰（theresa Chilando Chilambwe）清华大学

学位级别：硕士

当前,非洲正面临着高速的人口增长规模和显著的城市人口增长率水平。据预计,截至2050年,城市人口将达到非洲总人口的56%。为了满足城市持续增长的扩张需求,基础设施开发投资的上升趋势正逐渐在大多数非洲国家呈现开来。由于非洲城市前... 详细信息

当前,非洲正面临着高速的人口增长规模和显著的城市人口增长率水平。据预计,截至2050年,城市人口将达到非洲总人口的56%。为了满足城市持续增长的扩张需求,基础设施开发投资的上升趋势正逐渐在大多数非洲国家呈现开来。由于非洲城市前所未有的扩张,安全问题已然成为高层建筑施工中的一个主要问题。本研究主要包括针对在非洲开展高层建筑建设的中国施工企业的综合安全评估,另外,由于高空坠落是建筑业伤亡的主要致因,研究也关注了这些企业对于高空坠落风险的应对策略。非洲大陆超过70%的大型项目都由中国承包商承建,中国在基础设施建设领域进行了大量投资,向非洲大陆提供了价值600多亿美元的贷款。本研究的重点是概括非洲当地工人在中国工程企业工作时所面临的工作挑战。除此之外,研究讨论了中国承包商面临的问题,这些问题限制了他们有效实施适当或先进的安全措施,以创造更安全的工作环境。本研究还通过对在非洲本地和中国承包商都有过工作经历的非洲工人和负责监控职业健康和安全的政府官员开展调研,对比了本地和中国承包商的施工安全,以便全面了解施工安全中存在的灰色或空白领域,从而真正提升施工现场的安全条件。此外,研究针对施工现场的主要安全风险进行了调查,该调查明确发现,高空作业与高坠风险是非洲高层建筑施工所面临的主要安全挑战。研究的主要成果包含了中非两地的工作文化差异、贪污如何影响施工现场的安全状况、高空堕楼的直接及间接原因,以及物流、教育及政府政策对整体安全表现的影响。研究通过采用对从业群体的访谈等定性手段和问卷调查等定量手段,有效地分析了对研究目标的讨论和本研究的关键成果。

关键词：安全高空坠落中国承包商非洲工程施工高层建筑

Almond Consumption Is Associated with Better Nutrient Intake, Nutrient Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2010

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 504-515页

作者： Carol E. O’Neil theresa A. Nicklas Victor L. Fulgoni III Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Nutrition Impact LLC Battle Creek MI USA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between almond consumption, the most widely consumed tree nut in the US, and nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and weight/adiposity in adults. Methods: Data from adults (N=24,808), 19+ years, participating in the NHANES 2001-2010 were used. The NCI method was used to estimate the usual intake of almonds and selected nutrients. Almond consumers were defined as those consuming any amount of almonds/almond butter. Percentages of the consumers/non-consumers below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or above the Adequate Intake (AI) for select nutrients were determined. To assess significant differences for the percentage of almond consumers vs. non-consumers with intakes less than the EAR or above the AI, a Z-statistic for differences in population proportions was used. Covariate-controlled linear regression was used to determine differences in diet quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), between the consumer groups. Body mass indices and waist circumference were assessed. P was set at p < 0.01. Results: Almond consumers were more likely to be non-Hispanic white, older, of higher income, more physically active, and were less likely to be a current smoker than non-consumers. Usual intake of almonds among consumers was 29.5 ± 1.5 g/day. Usual intake of protein;dietary fiber;vitamins A, D, E, and C;thiamin;niacin;riboflavin;folate, calcium, copper, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, and potassium was higher in almond consumers. Almond consumers were less likely to be below the EAR for protein, vitamins A, D, E, B12, and C;riboflavin;calcium;copper;magnesium;iron;phosphorus;and zinc. They were also more likely to be above the AI for dietary fiber and potassium. Total HEI-2010 scores were approximately 15 points higher in almond consumers. Body mass indices and waist circumference measures were lower in almond consumers. Conclusions: Moderate consumption of

关键词： Almond Consumption Tree Nut Consumption Diet Quality Nutrients Nutrient Adequacy Adults NHANES

Quantitative determination of the saponin content and GC-MS study of the medicinal plant Cassytha filiformis(linn.)leaves

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第2期4卷 154-156页

作者： theresa Ibibia Edewor Stephen Olugbemiga Owa Adeola Opeyemi Ologan Franklin Akinfemi Ladoke Akintola University of Technology OgbomosoOyo StateNigeria Landmark University Omu AranKwara StateNigeria

Objective:To determine the phytochemicals,total saponin content and types of saponin present in leaf extracts of Cassytha ***:The leaves were extracted with n-hexane and *** methanol extract was *** total saponin content of the butanol fraction was determined by colorimetry via a UV spectrophotometer and ginsenoside was used as the *** were carried out at 550 *** butanol fraction was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometer ***:All screened phytochemicals were absent in the n-hexane extract while saponins,steroids,tannins and glycosides were present in the methanol *** and alkaloids were *** total saponin content of the methanol extract is 73.47μg ginsenoside Rb1 equivalent/g *** chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis gave eicosanoic acid,methyl ester as the most abundant compound and the steroidal saponin,cholestan-7-one and cyclic 1,2-ethanedienyl acetal as the most abundant saponin in the butanol ***:The leaves of Cassytha filiformis are rich in steroidal saponins.

关键词： Cassytha filiformis Leaves Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer Saponins

MRI-guided ablation of wide complex tachycardia in a univentricular heart

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World Journal of Cardiology 2012年第8期4卷 260-263页

作者： theresa Reiter Oliver Ritter Peter Nordbeck Meinrad Beer Wolfgang Rudolf Bauer Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital Wuerzburg97080 WuerzburgGermany Department of Radiology University Hospital Wuerzburg97080 WuerzburgGermany

Magnetic resonance imaging can be used for preprocedural assessment of complex anatomy for radiofrequency(RF) ablations,e.g.,in a univentricular *** case report features the treatment of a young patient with a functionally univentricular heart who suffered from persistent sudden onset tachycardia with wide complexes that required RF ablation as treatment.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Ablation Univentricular heart Fontan’s Operation Ventricular tachycardia

急性心肌梗死患者血钾水平与心律失常和院内死亡率的相关性研究

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急性心肌梗死患者血钾水平与心律失常和院内死亡率的相关性研究

作者：蝴蝶（theresa Ruba Koroma）山东大学

学位级别：硕士

研究背景:虽然目前医疗水平得到了明显的改善,但是急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）仍然是全世界患病率和死亡率最高的疾病之一。血钾水平的紊乱是促进AMI患者不良预后的一个因素。当前指南推荐,AMI患者的血钾水平应当... 详细信息

研究背景:虽然目前医疗水平得到了明显的改善,但是急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）仍然是全世界患病率和死亡率最高的疾病之一。血钾水平的紊乱是促进AMI患者不良预后的一个因素。当前指南推荐,AMI患者的血钾水平应当维持在4.0-5.5mmol/l或是4.5-5.5mmol/l。然而,近年来多项研究表明,血钾水平高于4.5mmol/l的AMI患者与死亡率的增加相关。因此,AMI患者应维持的最佳血钾水平仍存在争议。研究目的:1.探究AMI患者血钾水平与心律失常、院内死亡率的相关性;2.探究上述相关性在AMI患者合并糖尿病与否、AMI患者合并心功能衰竭与否、AMI合并肾功能衰竭与否各个亚组中,是否存在差异研究方法:我们收集了 2015年1月1日至2019年6月30日,在山东大学齐鲁医院与山东省千佛山医院诊断为AMI的患者,并对该数据进行了回顾性分析。AMI诊断标准为:心脏肌钙蛋白（cardiac troponin,cTn）超过正常上限的第99百分位数并存在至少一项急性心肌缺血的证据,如持续缺血性胸痛、新发急性心肌缺血心电图改变、超声心动图显示节段性室壁活动异常、冠状动脉造影异常。本研究已通过山东大学齐鲁医院伦理委员会批准。我们研究的主要结局为院内死亡,次要结局为室性心律失常、心房颤动和高度房室传导阻滞（Ⅱ°/Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞）,和主要不良心血管事件。患者纳入标准为:所有出院时确诊为AMI的患者,排除标准为:住院期间缺少血钾报告的患者。最初共收集到2748例患者,将其中50例缺少血钾数值的患者者剔除后,对剩余2698例患者进行数据分析。根据心电图特征将AMI患者分为ST段抬高型心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）组和非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,NSTEMI）组。考虑到患者可能患有潜在的合并症,将AMI受试者进一步分为以下亚组（1）合并有心衰组和无心衰组;（2）合并有糖尿病组和无糖尿病组;（3）合并有肾功能衰竭组和无肾功能衰竭组。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析血钾水平与院内死亡、心律失常风险的相关性。进一步将血钾水平分为K+＜3.5mmol/L、3.5≤K+＜4.0mmol/L、4.0≤K+＜4.5mmol/L、4.5≤K+＜5.0mmol/L、K+＞5.0mmol/L五个组别,以4.0≤K+＜4.5mmol/L为对照组。连续性变量以均数±标准差的形式表示,并利用单因素方差分析进行分析。分类变量以数值及百分数形式表示,并采用卡方检验进行比较。分别构建三个多因素Logistic回归模型以确定潜在混杂因素对血清钾水平的影响。以优势比（odds ratio,OR）表示不同血钾水平亚组的室性心律失常、心房颤动、住院死亡风险与对照组患病风险的比值。研究结果:本研究共纳入2698名患者者,其中STEMI患者占38.1%,NSTEMI患者占60.3%。AMI合并糖尿病、AMI合并肾功能衰竭、AMI合并心房颤动和AMI合并Ⅱ°/Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞的患病率在K+＞5.0mmol/L组较高,AMI合并高血压和AMI合并室性心律失常的患病率在K+＜3.5mmol/L组中较高。入院血钾水平与院内死亡率呈U型曲线,与4.0≤K+＜4.5mmol/L组患者相比,K+＞5.0mmol/L组及K+＜3.5mmol/L组的院内死亡发生风险分别升高1.30倍（OR 1.30;95%CI:0.50,7.35）和 1.21 倍（OR 1.21;95%CI:0.55,4.38）。然而,AMI合并糖尿病的患者血钾水平与院内死亡率呈J型曲线,K+＞5.0mmol/L组院内死亡率最高。在AMI患者中,与4.0≤K+＜4.5mmol/L组相比,3.5≤K+＜4.0mmol/L组的院内死亡风险最低（OR 0.82;95%CI:0.53,2.19）。在K+=3.5＜4.0组中,主要不良心血管事件发生率（22.5%,p＜0.001）最低（OR 0.86;95%CI:0.13,2.51）.所有患者中AMI合并室性心律失常患者为147例（5.4%）,合并心房颤动患者为180例（6.7%）,合并Ⅱ°/Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞患者为23例（0.9%）。调整年龄性别后,K+＜3.5mmol/L组发生室性心律失常的风险（OR 2.37;95%CI:1.35,5.93）最高。在进一步调整模型2和模型3年龄性别因素后,K+＜3.5mmol/L组发生室性心律失常的风险仍最高。调整所有混杂因素的影响后,K+＞5.0mmol/L组发生室性心律失常的风险最低（OR 0.81 95%;CI:0.80,1.09）,K+＜

关键词：急性心肌梗死心律失常院内死亡率血钾浓度

What are the pathways between poverty and malaria in sub-Saharan Africa?A systematic review of mediation studies

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 13-30页

作者： Solomon T.Wafula theresa Habermann Mara Anna Franke Jürgen May Dewi Ismajani Puradiredja Eva Lorenz Johanna Brinkel Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical MedicineHamburgGermany Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health School of Public HealthMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda Charité Global Health Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Hamburg-Borstel-Lubeck-RiemsHamburgGermany Department of Tropical Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE)HamburgGermany Institute of Medical Biostatistics Epidemiology and InformaticsUniversity Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany

Background Malaria remains a major burden in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA).While an association between poverty and malaria has been demonstrated,a clearer understanding of explicit mechanisms through which socioeconomic position(SEP)influences malaria risk is needed to guide the design of more comprehensive interventions for malaria risk *** systematic review provides an overview of the current evidence on the mediators of socioeconomic disparities in malaria in *** We searched PubMed and Web of Science for randomised controlled trials,cohort,case-control and cross-sectional studies published in English between January 1,2000 to May 31,*** studies were identified following reviews of reference lists of the studies *** included studies that either(1)conducted a formal mediation analysis of risk factors on the causal pathway between SEP and malaria infections or(2)adjusted for these potential mediators as confounders on the association between SEP and malaria using standard regression *** least two independent reviewers appraised the studies,conducted data extraction,and assessed risk of bias.A systematic overview is presented for the included *** We identified 41 articles from 20 countries in SSA for inclusion in the final *** these,30 studies used cross-sectional design,and 26 found socioeconomic inequalities in malaria *** formal mediation analyses showed limited evidence of mediation of food security,housing quality,and previous antimalarial ***,education,insecticide-treated nets,and nutrition were highlighted in the remaining studies as being protective against malaria independent of SEP,suggesting potential for ***,methodological limitations included the use of cross-sectional data,insufficient confounder adjustment,heterogeneity in measuring both SEP and malaria,and generally low or moderate-quality *** studies considered exposure mediator interactions or considered iden

关键词： Malaria Mediation Socioeconomic disparity Sub-Saharan Africa

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把握0-9岁儿童心理成长

Effect of Preservation on Two Different Varieties of <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i>Del. (Bitter) Leaves

作者： (美)Charles E. Schaefer，(美)theresa Foy DiGeronimo

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第7期6卷 633-642页

作者： Nyerhovwo J. Tonukari Oghenetega J. Avwioroko theresa Ezedom Akpovwehwee A. Anigboro Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Delta State University Abraka Nigeria African Research Laboratories Otorho-Agbon Ethiope-East LGA Delta State Nigeria

Vernonia amygdalina Del. is one of the leafy vegetables that can be used in an attempt to alleviate the problem of micronutrient malnutrition, prominent in tropical Africa. In order to ensure availability in non-growing areas or seasons, the vegetable needs to be preserved. Processing and preservation methods influence the nutrient content of vegetables. The present study was aimed at determining the effects of preservation on two different varieties of V. amygdalina (bitter) leaves (broad and small leaves). To this effect, evaluations were made on the chlorophyll content, phytochemicals, and antioxidant capacity of the two varieties of bitter leaf (V. amygdalina Del.) stored at 4℃ and –20℃ over a period of two weeks. Results showed a significant decrease in all parameters studied for both varieties at –20℃ except for the free radical reducing power (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging activity (%RSA) and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (%RSA) of V. amygdalina broad leaves where increase in scavenging activity was observed. Thus, it was concluded that to preserve the chlorophyll, phenol, total soluble proteins and reducing sugar levels, preservation at 4℃ is recommended. The present study finding would be useful during short-term preservation of bitter leaves for soup preparation and/or its aqueous extract for ethnomedicinal purposes, especially the small leaf variety.

关键词： Vernonia amygdalina Preservation Refrigeration Phytonutrients Chlorophyll Phenolic Compounds Antioxidant Capacities