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Prevention of hospital-acquired hypokalemia in children receiving maintenance fluid therapy

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2012年第2期2卷 138-142页

作者： Kazunari Kaneko Ken Yoshimura Takahisa Kimata Kohsuke Ishii tetsuya kitao Sachiyo Tanaka Shoji Tsuji Department of Pediatrics Kansai Medical University Osaka Japan

Objective: It has been suggested that the use of hypotonic intravenous fluid (IVF) puts hospitalized children at a greater risk of developing hyponatremia in children with increased arginine vasopressin (AVP) production. To reduce its risk, the National Patient Safety Agency in UK issued alert 22 in 2007, of which recommendations were to use isotonic solutions for these children at risk of hyponatremia, instead of the previously most commonly used IVF (0.18% saline/ 4% dextrose) for maintenance fluid therapy. Recent observations, however, revealed that hypokalemia are also common in hospitalized patients who do not receive potassium in their IVF. This study was conducted to validate the potassium added IVF for the prevention of hospital-acquired hypokalemia in maintenance fluid therapy. Design: For maintenance fluid therapy, a commercially available IVF solution in Japan named as Solita-T2R (Na 84 mmol/L, K 20 mmol/L, Cl 66 mmol/L, glucose 3.2%) was infused for 41 sick children with a median age of 3.01 years. Its composition is close equivalent to 0.45% saline/5% dextrose (Na 77 mmol/L, K 0 mmol/L, Cl 77 mmol/L, dextrose 5%) except K content. The patients in states of AVP excess were excluded from the analysis. Results: Median serum potassium value did not drop significantly at a median interval of 48 hours (before IVF: 4.30 mmol/L, after IVF: 4.10 mmol/L, p > 0.05), whereas median serum sodium level significantly increased from 136.0 mmol/L to 139.0 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Potassium added (20 mmol/L) IVF solution reduces the risk of developing “hospital-acquired hypokalemia” in children who are not in states of AVP excess in maintenance fluid therapy. It is worthwhile to study prospectively in a larger number of sick children.

关键词： Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Hypotonic Intravenous Fluid Maintenance Fluid Therapy Potassium Content

Testing phaeophytinization as an index of ozone stress in trees

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 1167-1174页

作者： Evgenios Agathokleous Mitsutoshi kitao Takayoshi Koike School of Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044People’s Republic of China Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaido 060-8589Japan Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute(FFPRI)Sapporo 062-8516Japan

Ground-level ozone pollution is a menace for vegetation in the northern hemisphere,limiting photosynthetic pigments and suppressing photosynthesis in trees and other types of *** is the process of converting chlorophylls into phaeophytins,for example by acidifi *** is a highly oxidizing molecule and well known to degrade chlorophylls;however,the eff ect of ozone on phaeophytinization in leaves of higher plants is largely *** reveal ozone eff ect on phaeophytinization and evaluate the potential of phaeophytinization as an index of ozone stress in trees,the absorbance at the optical density of 665 nm was measured before(OD_(665))and after(OD_(665a))acidifi cation in three independent experiments with nearly 30 conditions of ozone *** current ambient and elevated ozone widely aff ected phaeophytinization,as indicated by decreases or increases in the phaeophytinization quotient OD_(665)/OD_(665a).These eff ects were commonly moderate to large in magnitude and practically signifi cant,and occurred even in ozone-asymptomatic *** emerges that the ozone eff ect on phaeophytinization is bimodal,likely depending on the intensity of ozone *** results indicate a promising feature of OD_(665)/OD_(665a)as a thorough index of ozone stress in the future,but further studies are needed to reveal the underlying biochemical mechanisms of the bimodal eff ect on phaeophytinization.

关键词： Biological stress Chemical eff ect Chlorophyll oxidation Environmental stimuli Phaeophytin

Ethylenediurea(EDU)effects on hybrid larch saplings exposed to ambient or elevated ozone over three growing seasons

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第1期33卷 117-135页

作者： Evgenios Agathokleous Mitsutoshi kitao Takayoshi Koike Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044People’s Republic of China Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaido 060-8589Japan Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute(FFPRI)Sapporo 062-8516Japan Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100085People’s Republic of China

Ground-level ozone(O_(3))pollution is a persistent environmental issue that can lead to adverse effects on trees and wood production,thus indicating a need for forestry interventions to mediate O_(3) *** treated hybrid larch(Larix gmelinii ***×***)saplings grown in nutrient-poor soils with 0 or 400 mg L^(-1) water solutions of the antiozonant ethylenediurea(EDU0,EDU400)and exposed them to ambient O_(3)(AOZ;08:00-18:00≈30 nmol mol^(-1)) or elevated O_(3)(EOZ;08:00-18:00≈60 nmol mol^(-1))over three growing *** found that EDU400 protected saplings against most effects of EOZ,which included extensive visible foliar injury,premature senescence,decreased photosynthetic pigment contents and altered balance between pigments,suppressed gas exchange and biomass production,and impaired leaf litter *** EOZ had limited effects on plant growth(suppressed stem diameter),it decreased the total number of buds per plant,an effect that was not observed in the first growing *** results indicate that responses to EOZ might have implications to plant competitiveness,in the long term,as a result of decreased potential for vegetative ***,when buds were standardized per unit of branches biomass,EOZ significantly increased the number of buds per unit of biomass,suggesting a potentially increased investment to bud development,in an effort to enhance growth potential and competitiveness in the next growing ***400 minimized most of these effects of EOZ,significantly enhancing plant health under O_(3)-induced *** effect of EDU was attributed mainly to a biochemical mode of ***,hybrid larch,which is superior to its parents,can be significantly improved by EDU under long-term elevated O_(3) exposure,providing a perspective for enhancing afforestation practices.

关键词： Air pollution Ethylenediurea(EDU) Hormesis Plant protection Tropospheric ozone(o_3) Larix gmelinii var.japonica×L.kaempferi

Single and combined eff ects of fertilization,ectomycorrhizal inoculation,and drought on container-grown Japanese larch seedlings

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 1077-1094页

作者： Evgenios Agathokleous Mitsutoshi kitao Masabumi Komatsu Yutaka Tamai Hisanori Harayama Takayoshi Koike Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration and Mitigation School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute(FFPRI)Forest Research and Management Organization7 HitsujigaokaSapporoHokkaido 062-8516Japan Department of Mushroom Science and Forest Microbiology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute(FFPRI)Matsunosato 1Tsukuba 305-8687Japan Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversityKita 9 Nishi 9SapporoHokkaido 060-8589Japan Department of Plant Ecology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute(FFPRI)Matsunosato 1Tsukuba 305-8687Japan

Climate change can intensify drought in many regions of the world and lead to more frequent drought events or altered cycles of soil water ***,it is important to enhance the tolerance to drought and thus health,vigor,and success of transplantation seedlings used in the forestry by modifying fertilization and promoting ***,we sowed seeds of Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi)in 0.2-L containers with 0.5 g(low fertilization;LF)or 2 g(high fertilization;HF)of slow-release fertilizer early in the growing *** month later,we irrigated seedlings with non-sterilized ectomycorrhizal inoculum(ECM)or sterilized solution(non-ECM),and after about 2 months,plants were either kept well watered(WW;500 mL water/plant/week)or subjected to drought(DR;50 mL water per plant/week)until the end of the growing *** largely stimulated plant growth and above-and belowground biomass production,eff ects that are of practical signifi cance,but caused a small decrease in stomatal conductance(Gs 390)and transpiration rate(E 390),which in practice is insignifi *** treatment resulted in moderate inhibition of seedling growth and biomass and largely canceled out the enhancement of biomass and foliar K content by *** caused a large decrease in CO 2 assimilation,and enhanced stomatal closure and induced *** also largely depleted foliar Mg and enriched foliar *** DR caused a large decrease in foliar P content in LF,it moderately increased P in ***,DR increased foliar K in HF but not in LF,and decreased foliar P in ECM plants but not in non-ECM ***,ECM plants exhibited a large enrichment in foliar P under WW and had a lower water potential under DR when grown in *** results indicate that the drought tolerance and health and vigor of Japanese larch seedlings can be modifi ed by soil fertility and soil *** study provides a basis for new multifactorial research programs aimed at producing seedlings of su

关键词： Drought Ectomycorrhizae Fertilizer eff ect Oxidative stress Stressor interactions

Temperature-induced hormesis in plants

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 13-20页

作者： Evgenios Agathokleous Mitsutoshi kitao Hisanori Harayama Edward J.Calabrese Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) Forest Research and Management Organization Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Department of Environmental Health Sciences Morrill IN344 University of Massachusetts

Environmental change attracts particular attention by biologists concerned with the performance of biological systems under stress. To investigate these, dose–response relationships should be clarified. It was previously assumed that the fundamental nature of biological dose–responses follows a linear model, either with no threshold or with a threshold below which no effects are expected to occur in biological endpoints. However, substantial literature, including widespread documentation in plants, has revealed that hormesis commonly occurs. Hormesis is highly generalized and can be utilized as a quantitative measure of biological plasticity. Conditioning induced by adaptive responses also occurs in the framework of hormesis and is of particular importance to environmental change biology with regards to evolutionary *** paper presents additional evidence for hormetic dose responses induced by temperature in plants. The current understanding on hormesis provides a perspective for next generation environmental change research. Hormesis should have a central role in environmental change biology of vegetation.

关键词： Adaptive response Biological plasticity Dose response Hormesis Stress biology

Ethylenediurea(EDU)spray effects on willows(Salix sachalinensis ***)grown in ambient or ozone-enriched air:implications for renewable biomass production

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 397-422页

作者： Evgenios Agathokleous Mitsutoshi kitao Cong Shi Noboru Masui Shahenda Abu-ElEla Kyohsuke Hikino Fuyuki Satoh Takayoshi Koike Department of Ecology School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044People’s Republic of China School of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaido 060-8589Japan Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute(FFPRI)Sapporo 062-8516Japan School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387People’s Republic of China Department of Entomology Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich(TUM)Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 285354 FreisingGermany Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0809Japan Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100085People’s Republic of China

Ground-level ozone(O_(3)) is a widespread air pollutant causing extensive injuries in ***,its effects on perennial energy crops remain poorly under-stood due to technical difficulties in cultivating fast-growing shrubs for biomass production under O_(3) treatment on the *** we present the results of a two-year evaluation in the framework of which willow(Salix sachalinensis ***)shrubs were exposed to ambient(AOZ)or elevated(EOZ)O_(3) in two successive growing seasons(2014,2015)and treated with 0(EDU0)or 400 mg L^(−1)(EDU400)eth-ylenediurea spray in the second growing *** 2014,EOZ altered the chemical composition of both top young and fallen leaves,and a novel mechanism of decreasing Mg in fallen leaves while highly enriching it in young top leaves was revealed in shrubs exposed to *** 2015,EDU400 alleviated EOZ-induced decreases in leaf fresh mass to dry mass ratio(FM/DM)and leaf mass per area(LMA).While EDU400 protected against EOZ-induced suppression of the maximum rate at which leaves can fix carbon(A_(max))in O_(3)-asymptomatic leaves,it did not alle-viate EOZ-induced suppression of the maximum rates of carboxylation(VCmax)and electron transport(J_(max))and chlorophylls a,b,and a+b in the same type of *** O_(3)-symptomatic leaves,however,EDU400 alleviated EOZ-induced suppression of chlorophylls a and a+b,indicating different mode of action of EDU between O_(3)-asymptomatic and O_(3)-symptomatic *** herbivory occurred only in AOZ-exposed plants,leading to suppressed biomass production,while EOZ also led to a similar suppression of biomass production(EDU0×EOZ ***400×EOZ).In 2016,carry-over effects were also evaluated following cropping and transplantation into new ambient *** of EOZ in the preceding growing seasons extended to the third growing season in the form of suppressed ratoon biomass production,indicating carry-over effect of *** EDU400 protected against EOZ-induced suppression of biom

关键词： Air pollution Ethylenediurea(EDU) Hormesis Plant protection Tropospheric ozone(O_(3))

Ethylenediurea(EDU) effects on Japanese larch: an one growing season experiment with simulated regenerating communities and a four growing season application to individual saplings

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 2047-2057页

作者： Evgenios Agathokleous Mitsutoshi kitao Xiaona Wang Qiaozhi Mao Hisanori Harayama William J.Manning Takayoshi Koike Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province Institute of Applied Ecology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) Division of Environment and Resources Research Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism Hebei Agricultural University College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Ecophysiology Laboratory Department of Plant Ecology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) Department of Plant Soil and Insect Sciences University of Massachusetts Shenzhen Graduate School of Environment and Energy Peking University Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Science

J apanese larch(La rix kaempferi(Lamb.) Carr.)and its hybrid are economically important coniferous trees widely grown in the Northern ***-level ozone(O3) concentrations have increased since the preindustrial era,and research projects showed that Japanese larch is susceptible to elevated ***,methodologies are needed to(1) protect Japanese larch against O3damage and(2) conduct biomonitoring of O3in Japanese larch forests and,thus,monitor O3risks to Japanese *** the first time,this study evaluates whether the synthetic chemical ethylenediurea(EDU) can protect Japanese larch against O3damage,in two independent *** the first experiment,seedling communities,simulating natural regeneration,were treated with EDU(0,100,200,and 400 mg L-1) and exposed to either ambient or elevated O3in a growing *** the second experiment,individually-grown saplings were treated with EDU(0,200 and 400 mg L-1) and exposed to ambient O3in two growing seasons and to elevated O3in the succeeding two growing *** two experiments revealed that EDU concentrations of 200-400 mg L-1could protect Japanese larch seedling communities and individual saplings against O3-induced inhibition of growth and ***,EDU concentrations ≤200 mg L-1did offer only partial protection when seedling communities were coping with higher level of O3-induced stress,and only 400 mg EDU L-1fully protected communities under higher ***,we conclude that among the concentrations tested the concentration offering maximum protection to Japanese larch plants under high competition and O3-induced stress is that of 400 mg EDU *** results of this study can provide a valuable resource of information for applied forestry in an O3-polluted world.

关键词： Air pollution Antiozonant Ethylenediurea (EDU) Plant protection Tropospheric ozone (O 3 )

Does the root to shoot ratio show a hormetic response to stress? An ecological and environmental perspective

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1569-1580页

作者： Evgenios Agathokleous Regina G.Belz Mitsutoshi kitao Takayoshi Koike Edward J.Calabrese Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute(FFPRI)Forest Research and Management Organization7 HitsujigaokaSapporoHokkaido 062-8516Japan Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversityKita 9 Nishi 9SapporoHokkaido 060-8589Japan Agroecology Unit Hans-Ruthenberg InstituteUniversity of HohenheimGarbenstra遝 1370599 StuttgartGermany Department of Environmental Health Sciences Morrill IN344University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Root/shoot(R/S)ratio is an important index for assessing plant health,and has received increased attention in the last decades as a sensitive indicator of plant stress induced by chemical or physical *** R/S ratio has been discussed in the context of ecological theory and its potential importance in ecological succession,where species follow different strategies for above-ground growth for light or below-ground competition for water and *** present evidence showing the R/S ratio follows a biphasic dose–response relationship under stress,typical of *** R/S ratio in response to stress has been widely compared among species and ecological succession *** is constrained by a variety of factors such as ***,the current literature lacks dose-response studies incorporating the full dose–response continuum,hence limiting scientific understanding and possible valuable *** data presented provide an important perspective for new-generation studies that can advance current ecological understanding and improve carbon storage estimates by R/S ratio *** response of the R/S ratio can have an important role in forestry for producing seedlings with desired characteristics to achieve maximum health/productivity and resilience under plantation conditions.

关键词： Biological plasticity Biphasic response Hormesis Plant stress Root/shoot ratio

Effects of soil nutrient availability and ozone on container-grown Japanese larch seedlings and role of soil microbes

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2295-2311页

作者： Evgenios Agathokleous Mitsutoshi kitao Masabumi Komatsu Yutaka Tamai Hideyuki Saito Hisanori Harayama Akira Uemura Hiroyuki Tobita Takayoshi Koike Institute of Ecology Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute(FFPRI)Forest Research and Management Organization7 HitsujigaokaSapporoHokkaido 062-8516Japan Department of Mushroom Science and Forest Microbiology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute(FFPRI)Matsunosato 1Tsukuba 305-8687Japan Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversityKita 9 Nishi 9SapporoHokkaido 060-8589Japan Department of Plant Ecology Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute(FFPRI)Matsunosato 1Tsukuba 305-8687Japan

The interactive eff ects of ozone,soil nutrient availability and root microorganisms on physiological,growth,and productivity traits were studied for the fi rst time for Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi)seedlings grown in containers over a growing season,using a free air ozoneconcentration enrichment exposure *** nutrient availability altered leaf and root nutrient dynamics and enhanced plant growth;however,it also enhanced seedling susceptibility to damping-off disease compared to low nutrient *** eff ects of elevated ozone,as compared with ambient ozone,on leaf gas exchange and plant stem form were neither off set nor exacerbated by soil nutrient availability and root *** negative eff ects suggest that elevated ozone may have implications for ecological health even when plant vigor is limited by factors other than *** of roots with ectomycorrhizae had negligible infl uence on the eff ects of either soil nutrient availability or ***,this lack of eff ect may be upon impeded formation of complete mycorrhizal root tips due to factors other than the manipulated variables.B and Na appeared to have an important role in stress responses,so further studies to examine their link with physiological mechanisms as a function of *** study provides an important perspective for designing forestry practices to enhance seedling health.

关键词： Ectomycorrhizae Fertilizer Oxidative stress Plant-fungi interaction