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liver transplantation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15532-15538页

作者： Petros Zezos Eberhard l Renner liver Transplant Program/Multi-Organ Transplant Program University Health Network/Toronto General Hospital University of Toronto

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFlD) is an important health problem worldwide. NAFlD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from bland liver steatosis to severe steatohepatitis(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) with the potential of progressing to cirrhosis and its associated morbidity and mortality. NAFlD is thought to be the hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance(or the metabolic syndrome); its prevalence is increasing worldwide in parallel with the obesity epidemic. In many developed countries, NAFlD is the most common cause of liver disease and NASH related cirrhosis is currently the third most common indication for liver transplantation. NASH related cirrhosis is anticipated to become the leading indication for liver transplantation within the next one or two decades. In this review, we discuss how liver transplantation is affected by NAFlD, specifically the following:(1) the increasing need for liver transplantation due to NASH;(2) the impact of the increasing prevalence of NAFlD in the general population on the quality of deceased and live donor livers available for transplantation;(3) the long term graft and patient outcomes after liver transplantation forNASH,and finally;and(4)the de novo occurrence of NAFlD/NASH after liver transplantation and its impact on graft and patient outcomes.

关键词： liver transplantation Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatic steatosis Steatohepatitis liver cirrhosis Metabolic syndrome Insulin resistance Obesity

AN ADAPTIVE AlGORITHM FOR PerFORMANCE OPTIMISATION OF MODIFIED P-PerSISTENT CSMA/CD lOCAl AREA NETWORK

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AN ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM FOR PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION OF MODIFI...

Behavioral and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings, Melanoplus sanguinipes, to plant odours and volatile compounds

计算机，通信，控制与电力工程国际会议

作者： C. K. Siew M. H. er School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Avenue Singapore 2263

This paper presents an algorithm for performance optimization of the modified p-persistent CSMA/CD local area network proposed by Siew[5].The basic idea is to maximize the throughput of the network by varying the dynamic probability of transmission of every *** principle of operation of the algorithm is described.A method for choosing the step size is *** results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.

关键词： AN ADAPTIVE AlGORITHM FOR PerFORMANCE OPTIMISATION OF MODIFIED P-PerSISTENT CSMA/CD lOCAl AREA NETWORK

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第2期49卷 136-141页

作者： KANGle T.l.Hopkins StateKeylaboratoryofIntegratedManagementofPestInsects&Rodents.InstituteofZoology ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100080China DepartmentofEntomology KansasStateUniversityManhattanKS66506USA

Behavior and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), to odours from plant foliage and volatile compounds were tested using a glass Y-tube olfactometer and electroantennogram (EAG)techniques respectively. In single choice trials, newly hatched hoppers were much more sensitive to the odour from intact leaves and chopped foliage of ryegrass and wheat than other plants. Chopped sorghum leaves, but not stem-cut sorghum,were also significantly attractive. The orientation responses of grasshopper hatchlings to these plants were highly consistent with those of last instar hoppers and adults. When ryegrass was employed as the control, the odour from stem-cut alfalfa was more attractive. There was no significant difference in hopper orientation responses to the odours from chopped seedlings of sorghum, alfalfa, wheat or ***, significantly more hoppers preferred the chopped ryegrass control to chopped louisanna sage. Measurement of the EAG response of first instar hoppers to these plant odours showed that the odour of louisanna sage elicited the greatest response amplitudes. In olfactory tests using different volatile components, Z-3-hexenol, E-3-hexenol,Z-hex-3-enyl acetate, E-2-hexenal and hexenal gave greater EAG responses than geraniol and 1-octen-3-ol. These results are also consistent with comparable data from adults. Newly hatched grasshoppers had similar EAG response profiles to plant materials and chemicals to those of adults, although the absolute EAG values of young hoppers were much lower than those of adults. Therefore, newly hatched hoppers were able to distinguish plants from an air control, and even host plants from non-host plants, and the feeding experience of hoppers probably has little influence on their subsequent ability as adults to identify and locate food plants.

关键词：嗅觉蝗虫挥发性化合物植物保护

3D topological relationships of landforms and their spatial schema-based representation

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第4期16卷 238-246页

作者： Marc-O.lÖWNer Institute for Geodesy and Photogrammetry Technische Universität BraunschweigPockelsstraβe 330106 BraunschweigGermany

The science of geomorphology works on natural 3D *** includes the change of landforms as well as the processes causing these *** transport processes lead to a composition of a geomorphic system that follows a certain spatial *** analysis of 3D topological relations of landforms can help to investigate geomorphic systems in two ***,chronological order of geomorphic genesis can be derived and,second,indications of material source can be ***,at least some 3D geometric information is needed if topology is supposed to be derived and *** cannot simply be reconstructed by surface *** capture is a major problem when buried features are under *** information is gathered by drillings or geophysical methods that reveal point or line ***,the ISO 19107 Spatial Schema does not offer a valid representation of 3D geometry from sparse data,either by aggregating a surface and one or few points or by aggregating a surface and a ***,we discuss the possibilities for the analysis of chronological order of landform genesis and material dependencies that arise from applying 3D topological relationships to geomorphic system *** show five relationships that are able to be observed in ***,we introduce a new class for the representation of 3D objects with under-specified geometry.A_UG_Solid mediates between the Spatial Schema’s geometric primitives with a dimension less than three on the one side and a GM_Solid on the other *** to aggregate such a_UG_Solid are *** introduction of a_UG_Solid facilitates the application of 3D topological concepts to geometric objects that are known to be volumetric but have to be modeled from sparse data.

关键词： 3D Topology geomorphology landform ISO 19107 spatial schema under-specified geometries

Influences of Reaction Parameters and Ce Contents on Structure and Properties of Nano-scale Ce-HA Powders

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第8期30卷 776-781页

作者： l.J.Sun D.G.Guo W.A.Zhao l.Y.Wang K.W.Xu State Key laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California Irvine Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center University of California Irvine The Key laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesNankai University Xi'an University of Arts and Science

Ce-incorporated apatite（Ce-HA） nano-scale particles with different Ce percentage contents（atomic ratio of Ce to Ce ＋ Ca is 5%,10%and 20%,respectively） were synthesized via a simple wet chemical method in this *** crystal structure,chemical groups,thermal stability,crystal morphologies and crystal sizes of the Ce-HA nano-particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）,and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.The influences of reaction temperature,reaction time,pH value,and the atomic ratio of Ce to Ce ＋ Ca on the structure and performance of Ce-HA particles were *** results show that the lattice constants,particle sizes,crystallinity and thermal stability of Ce-HA vary with the doped Ce *** the increase of Ce content,the lattice constants of the Ce-HA nano-particles remarkably increase but the particle size,crystallinity and thermal stability gradually *** reaction temperature as well as the reaction time has no significant effect on the properties of the final products,while the pH value has a direct relationship with their final chemical *** obtained Ce-HA nanosize particles possess potential application in preparing artificial bone implants,bone tissue engineering scaffold and other bioactive coatings.

关键词： Cerium Apatite Nano-scale powder Wet chemical approach Biomedical materials

Beyond the stomach: An updated view of Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 12781-12808页

作者： Traci l Testerman James Morris Department of Microbiology and Immunology Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesda MD 20814 United States Department of Gastroenterology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport Shreveport LA 71130 United States

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an extremely common, yet underappreciated, pathogen that is able to alter host physiology and subvert the host immune response, allowing it to persist for the life of the host. H. pylori is the primary cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In the United States, the annual cost associated with peptic ulcer disease is estimated to be $6 billion and gastric cancer kills over 700000 people per year globally. The prevalence of H. pylori infection remains high (> 50%) in much of the world, although the infection rates are dropping in some developed nations. The drop in H. pylori prevalence could be a double-edged sword, reducing the incidence of gastric diseases while increasing the risk of allergies and esophageal diseases. The list of diseases potentially caused by H. pylori continues to grow; however, mechanistic explanations of how H. pylori could contribute to extragastric diseases lag far behind clinical studies. A number of host factors and H. pylori virulence factors act in concert to determine which individuals are at the highest risk of disease. These include bacterial cytotoxins and polymorphisms in host genes responsible for directing the immune response. This review discusses the latest advances in H. pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Up-to-date information on correlations between H. pylori and extragastric diseases is also provided.

关键词： Enterohepatic Pathogenesis Diagnosis Treatment Extragastric CagA Cancer Autoimmune Inflammation Virulence factor

Development of systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma at 2013:Updates and insights

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第12期20卷 3135-3145页

作者： Stephen l Chan Winnie Yeo Department of Clinical Oncology The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales Hospital State Key laboratory in Oncology in South China

A growing number of multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has undergone testing for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, this enthusiasm has recently been discouraged by a number of negative phase III studies on several anti-angiogenic TKIs in HCC. Several postulations have been made to account for this phenomenon, namely the plateau effects of anti-angiogenesis approach, the heterogeneity of HCC in terms of background hepatitis/cirrhosis and tumor biology, as well as the way how clinical trials are designed. Regardless of the underlying reasons, these results suggested that alternative strategies are necessary to further develop systemic therapy for HCC. Several new strategies are currently evaluated: for examples, molecular agents with activities against targets other than vascular endothelial growth factor receptor are being evaluated in on-going clinical trials. In addition, different approaches of targeted agents in combination with various treatment modalities, such as concurrently with another molecular agent, cytotoxic chemotherapy or transarterial chemoembolization, are being developed. This review aims to give a summary on the results of recently released clinical trials on TKIs, followed by discussion on some of the potential novel agents and combinational approaches. Future directions for testing innovative systemic agents for HCC will also be discussed.

关键词： liver neoplasms Systemic treatment Biologics Staging Clinical trial

经济全球化背景下国际贸易中赢家和输家的辩证分析

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价格月刊 2023年第3期 82-87页

作者：达尔罕天津师范大学马克思主义学院天津300387 内蒙古财经大学马克思主义学院内蒙古呼和浩特010051

在经济全球化的大背景下,各国之间相互竞争不断加剧,国际竞争力强的国家会在竞争中受益,而国际竞争力弱的国家会因此受到打击。通过对比不同学者对国际竞争力的定义,分析国际竞争力是进行国际竞争的主体在争夺共同目标过程中所表现出的... 详细信息

在经济全球化的大背景下,各国之间相互竞争不断加剧,国际竞争力强的国家会在竞争中受益,而国际竞争力弱的国家会因此受到打击。通过对比不同学者对国际竞争力的定义,分析国际竞争力是进行国际竞争的主体在争夺共同目标过程中所表现出的能力,其直接影响着国际竞争的输赢。笔者从竞争的主体、对象及角度入手,揭示了国际贸易竞争中赢家和输家的本质,为建立统一且能够包容不同学者观念的国际贸易竞争输赢及国际竞争力评价体系奠定了基础。

关键词：经济全球化国际贸易竞争力辩证分析

The Interaction Between The Different Scale Eddies of The Turbulence

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Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 1997年第4期2卷 197-201页

作者： Shida l IU,Fuming l IANG,Shikuo l IU,Guojun XIN (Department of Geophysics,Peking University,Beijng1 0 0 871 ,China) Department of Geophysics Peking University Beijng 100871 China

The turbulence is composed from a large number of eddies of different *** the inertial range,the“2 / 3power-law”for velocity structure function and the“-5 / 3power-law”for energy spectrum were derived by Kolmogorov and were convinced as universal *** this paper,the turbulence which obeys the power-law of the auto-correlation function will be taken as a matter of the different scale Brownian motions which obeys the exponent-law of the auto- correlation function and the local self-similarity for different *** which we demonstrated that the turbulentexchange coefficient of different scale hierarchy changes quantitatively with its scale size and atmospheric stratification stability

关键词： Atmospheric turbulence