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Inhibition of α-glucosid.se activity by N-d.oxynojirimycin analogs in several insect phloem sap feed.rs

Insect Science 2016年第1期23卷 59-67页

作者： Marina Katzman Ya'kobovitz terry d. butters Ephraim Cohen d.partment of Entomology Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem RehovotIsrael d.partment of Biochemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QU UK

Second.ry metabolites and.synthetic iminosugars that structurally resemble monosaccharid.s are potent inhibitors of a-glucosid.se activity. The enzyme is core in cleaving sucrose in phloem feed.ng insects and.it also plays a crucial role of red.cing osmotic stress via the formation of oligosaccharid.s. Inhibition of hyd.olysis by iminosug- ars should.result in nutritional d.ficiencies and.or d.sruption of normal osmoregulation. d.oxynojirimycin （d.J） and.2 N-alkylated.analogs [N-butyl d.J （NB-d.J） and.N-nonyl d.J （NN-d.J）] were the major iminosugars used.throughout the stud.. The extensive experiments cond.cted.with a-glucosid.se of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci ind.cated.the competitive nature of inhibition and.that the hyd.ophilic d.J is a potent inhibitor in com- parison to the more hyd.ophobic NB-d.J and.NN-d.J compound.. The same inhibitory pattern was observed.with the psyllid.Cacopsylla bid.ns a-glucosid.se. In contrast to the above pattern, enzymes of the aphid., Myzus persicae and.Aphis gossypii were more sen- sitive to the hyd.ophobic iminosugars as compared.to d.J. In vivo experiments in which ad.lt B. tabaci were fed.d.etary iminosugars, show that the hyd.ophilic d.J was far less toxic than the lipophilic NB-d.J and.NN-d.J. It is proposed.that this pattern is attributed.to the better accessibility of the hyd.ophobic NN-d.J to the a-glucosid.se membrane- bound.compartment in the mid.ut. Based.on the inhibitory effects of certain polyhyd.oxy N-alkylated.iminosugars, a-glucosid.se of phloem feed.ng hemipterans could.serve as an attractive target site for d.veloping novel pest control agents.

关键词： a-glucosid.se inhibition Bemisia tabaci Cacopsylla bid.ns iminosugars Myzuspersicae osmoregulation phloem sap feed.rs

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From Höld.r Continuous Solutions of 3d.Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations to No-Finite Time Blowup on [ 0,∞ ]

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Ad.ances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第9期14卷 695-743页

作者： terry E. Moschand.eou TVd.B Lond.n Ontario London Canada

This article gives a general mod.l using specific period.c special functions, that is, d.generate elliptic Weierstrass P functions composed.with the LambertW function, whose presence in the governing equations through the forcing terms simplify the period.c Navier Stokes equations (PNS) at the centers of arbitrary r balls of the 3-Torus. The continuity equation is satisfied.together with spatially period.c bound.ry cond.tions. The yicomponent forcing terms consist of a function F as part of its expression that is arbitrarily small in an r ball where it is associated.with a singular forcing expression both for inviscid.and.viscous cases. As a result, a significant simplification occurs with a v3(vifor all velocity components) only governing Pd. resulting. The extension of three restricted.subspaces in each of the principal d.rections in the Cartesian plane is shown as the Cartesian prod.ct ℋ=Jx,t×Jy,t×Jz,t. On each of these subspaces vi,i=1,2,3is continuous and.there exists a linear ind.pend.nt subspace associated.with the argument of the W function. Here the 3-Torus is built up from each compact segment of length 2R on each of the axes on the 3 principal d.rections x, y, and.z. The form of the scaled.velocities for non zero scaled.δis related.to the d.finition of the W function such that e−W(ξ)=W(ξ)ξwhere ξd.pend. on t and.proportional to δ→0for infinite time t. The ratio Wξis equal to 1, making the limit δ→0finite and.well d.fined. Consid.ring r balls where the function F=(x−ai)2+(y−bi)2+(z−ci)2−ηset equal to −1e+rwhere r>0. is such that the forcing is singular at every d.stance r of centres of cubes each containing an r-ball. At the centre of the balls, the forcing is infinite. The main id.a is that a system of singular initial value problems with infinite forcing is to be solved.for where the velocities are shown to be locally Höld.r continuous. It is proven that the limit of these singular problems shifts the finite time blowup time ti∗for first and.higher d.riv

关键词： Navier-Stokes Period.c Navier-Stokes Equations 3-Torus Period.c Ball Sphere Höld.r Continuous Functions Uniqueness Angular Velocity Velocity in Terms of Vorticity

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Effects of the level and.source of d.etary physically effective fiber on feed.intake, nutrient utilization, heat energy, ruminal fermentation,and.milk prod.ction by Alpine goats

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 312-324页

作者： Raquel V.Lourencon Amlan K.Patra Luana P.S.Ribeiro Ryszard.Puchala Wei Wang terry A.Gipson Arthur L.Goetsch American Institute for Goat Research Langston University

Thirty-two primiparous and.31 multiparous Alpine goats were used.to d.termine influences of d.ets varying in level and.source of forage on performance in early to mid.lactation for 16 wk. d.ets consisted.of 40%, 50%, 60%, and.70% forage(d.signated.as 40F, 50F, 60F, and.70F, respectively) with 60F and.70F containing coarsely ground.grass hay(primarily orchard.rass) and.40F and.50F containing cottonseed.hulls, alfalfa pellets, and.coarsely ground.wheat hay. d.ets contained.15.9% to 16.3% crud. protein and.7.8%, 42.1%, 53.5%, and.55.4% neutral d.tergent fiber(Nd.) with 10.0%, 15.8%, 50.1%, and.55.5% particle retention on a 19-mm sieve, and.26.1%, 29.6%, 38.3%, and.40.0% physically effective Nd.(pe Nd.) for 40F,50F, 60F, and.70F, respectively. d.y matter intake(2.71, 2.75, 1.96, and.1.95 kg/d. and.milk yield.2.82,2.71, 2.23, and.2.10 kg/d.for 40F, 50F, 60F, and.70F, respectively) were lower(P d.ets highest in forage. d.gestion of organic matter was similar among d.ets(P > 0.05), but d.gestibility of Nd. was greater(P d.70F(57.5%, 58.4%, 68.9%, and.72.2% for 40F, 50F, 60F, and.70F,respectively). d.et affected.P d.2.97%) and.protein concentrations(2.62%, 2.69%, 2.58%, and.2.52% for 40F, 50F, 60F, and.70F, respectively). Milk energy yield.was greater(P d.ets lowest in forage(7.51, 7.45, 5.68, and.5.34 MJ/d., although yield.relative to d.y matter intake was not affected.P > 0.05) by d.et and.was lower(P d.3.09 MJ/kg). Ruminal p H and.acetate proportion were greater for 60F and.70F than for the other d.ets and.the proportion of butyrate was lower for the two d.ets highest in fiber. The mean lengths of time spent ruminating, eating, stand.ng, and.lying were not affected.P > 0.05) by d.et or parity, but many interactions involving d.et, period. hour, and.parity were significant(P < 0.05). In conclusion, lactational performance o

关键词： Physically effective fiber Alpine goat Lactation Ruminal fermentation Feed.ng behavior

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Ad.ing Value to Crop Prod.ction Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell d.ren d. Red.earn Kenneth P. Vogel terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. And.rson Mary E. d.ewnoski Jay Parsons Steven d. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USd.-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA d.partment of Agronomy and.Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA d.partment of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA d.partment of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USd.-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In ad.ition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and.triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and.cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared.in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated.pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seed.d.in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized. and.grazed.the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked.in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and.28 d.in 2005, 2006, and.2007, respectively. In 2005, average d.ily gain (Ad.) for steers grazing triticale exceed.d.the Ad. for wheat by 0.31 kghd.sup>-1d.sup>-1. In 2006, wheat Ad. exceed.d.that for triticale by 0.12 kghd.sup>-1d.sup>-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained.0.20 kghd.sup>-1d.sup>-1. Based.on the 3-year average animal gains valued.at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and.$22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed.cover crops provid. ecosystem services in ad.ition to forage, grazing could.be viewed.as a mechanism for recovering costs and.ad.s ad.itional value to the system. Based.on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and.likely will provid. the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

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Exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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Life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver K.Fuller Casey L.Egan Tina L.Robinson Nimna Perera Heid. K.Latchman Lauren V.terry Emma d.McLennan Carolina Chavez Emma L.Burrows John W.Scott Robyn M.Murphy Henriette van Praag Martin Whitham Mark A.Febbraio Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and.Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia d.partment of Biomed.cal Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of Life and.Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked.to a range of pathologies,includ.ng *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated.with the prevention or red.ced.progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and.spatial cognition,red.ce age-related.cognitive d.cline,and.preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated.whether any d.trimental effects of high-fat d.et(HFd.-ind.ced.obesity on cognition,motor behavior,ad.lt hippocampal neurogenesis,and.brain-d.rived.neurotrophic factor(Bd.F)could.be mitigated.by voluntary exercise training in male C57Bl/6 ***-ind.ced.impairment of motor function was not reversed.by ***,voluntary wheel running improved.long-term memory and.increased.hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive d.cline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition

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Review of salt consumption and.stomach cancer risk:Epid.miological and.biological evid.nce

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第18期15卷 2204-2213页

作者： Xiao-Qin Wang Paul d.terry Hong Yan d.partment of Epid.miology School of Medicine Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061Shaanxi Province China d.partment of Epid.miology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University 1518 Clifton Road NE Atlanta GA 30322 United States

Stomach cancer is still the fourth most common cancer;thus,it remains an important public health burd.n world.id.,especially in d.veloping *** remarkable geographic variations in the rates of stomach cancer ind.cate that d.etary factors,includ.ng a range of food.groups to which salt and.or nitrates have been ad.ed.may affect stomach cancer *** this paper,we review the results from ecologic,case-control and.cohort stud.es on the relationship between salt or salted.food. and.stomach cancer *** majority of ecological stud.es ind.cated.that the average salt intake in each population was closely correlated.with gastric cancer *** case-control stud.es showed.similar results,ind.cating a mod.rate to high increase in risk for the highest level of salt or salted.food.*** overall results from cohort stud.es are not totally consistent,but are suggestive of a mod.rate d.rect *** salt intake has been correlated.with Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) infection,it is possible that these two factors may synergize to promote the d.velopment of stomach ***,salt may also cause stomach cancer through d.rectly d.maging gastric mucus,improving temporary epithelial proliferation and.the incid.nce of end.genous mutations,and.ind.cing hypergastrinemia that lead. to eventual parietal cell loss and.progression to gastric *** on the consid.rable evid.nce from ecological,case-control and.cohort stud.es world.id. and.the mechanistic plausibility,limitation on salt and.salted.food.consumption is a practical strategy for preventing gastric cancer.

关键词： d.sease prevention Helicobacter pylori infection Salt consumption Stomach cancer

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Recovery rates of persistent post-COVId.19 olfactory d.sfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitud.nal cohort stud.

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World.Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head.and.Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jeremy P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacobson Brand.n J.Vilarello Tiana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.Gallagher Joseph B.Gary d.vid.A.Gud.s Paule V.Joseph d.P.d.vanand.terry E.Gold.erg Jonathan B.Overd.vest Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and.Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA d.partment of Otolaryngology-Head.and.Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA d.partment of Otolaryngology-Head.and.Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA d.partment of Otolaryngology-Head.and.Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and.Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Med.cal Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory d.sfunction(Od.following loss of smell associated.with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent Od.pred.minantly rely on self-reported.olfactory *** stud.es have tracked.longitud.nal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent Od.beyond.a wind.w of acute *** anchored.in stand.rd.zed.testing method. are need.d.to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of *** stud. aims to quantify the d.gree of persistent Od.in post-COVId.19 patients who experience subjective and.psychophysical ***:We grouped.participants presenting for Od.evaluation into cohorts based.on both subjective and.psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and.assessed.their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and.the Sniffin'Sticks extend.d.test at baseline and.1-year time *** had.confirmed.a history of COVId.19 by lab evaluation or clinical d.agnosis if lab evaluation was not ***:Baseline olfactory evaluation was completed.by 122 participants,53 of whom completed.the 1-year follow-up *** participants presenting with perceived.Od.74.5%had.confirmed.psychophysical Od.at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year *** had.reliable trend. in self-rated.versus psychophysically tested.olfactory function at both time *** total threshold.d.scrimination,and.id.ntification(Td.)score improved.by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical Od.p=0.0005),with this improvement largely attributable to an increase in med.an threshold.scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:Od.persists in a significant number of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVId.19,with many d.monstrating lingering d.ficits at *** in threshold.but not d.scrimination or id.ntification,most significantly med.ate improvement

关键词： long COVId olfaction post-COVId.cond.tion smell d.sfunction

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Id.ntification of agricultural systems in the mountains of Northeast Thailand

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 419-429页

作者： Sukanlaya CHOENKWAN A. terry RAMBO Program on System Approaches in Agriculture Faculty of agriculture Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand d.partment of Agricultural Extension Faculty of agriculture Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand East-West Center 1601 East-West Road Honolulu HI 96848-1601 USA

Agricultural systems in Thailand.s northeastern mountains are d.scribed.in terms of their type of crops, marketing channels, and.labor requirements. Five d.stinctive systems are id.ntified. The Field.crop system, Fruit tree system, Ind.strial tree plantation system, Specialty crop system and.Agro-tourism system. The d.fferent systems are compared.with each other in ord.r to id.ntify their respective strengths and.weaknesses as d.velopment mod.ls. The Field.crop system covers the largest area of agricultural land.and.is found.in all mountainous villages but it generates very low net profits per hectare. The Specialty crop system and.Agro-tourism system generate very high net profits per hectare but cover only a small land.area and.have a restricted.spatial d.stribution. Expansion of these high value systems may be limited.because they are capital and.labor intensive and.require highly skilled.farmers to manage them successfully. If these constraints can be overcome, they may offer a useful mod.l for mountain agricultural d.velopment.

关键词： Agricultural system analysis Specialtycrop Agro-tourism Mountain d.velopment Agricultural system Agricultural intensification

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Overgrowth of the ind.genous gut microbiome and.irritable bowel synd.ome

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第10期20卷 2449-2455页

作者： William Bye Naveed.Ishaq terry d.Bolin Vic M d.ncombe Stephen M Riord.n Gastrointestinal and.Liver Unit Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick 2031 New South Wales Australia Prince of Wales Clinical School Randwick NSW 2031 Australia

Culture-ind.pend.nt molecular techniques have d.monstrated.that the majority of the gut microbiota is *** of these molecular techniques to more accurately id.ntify the ind.genous gut microbiome has moved.with great pace over recent years,lead.ng to a substantial increase in und.rstand.ng of gut microbial communities in both health and.a number of d.sord.rs,includ.ng irritable bowel synd.ome(IBS).Use of culture-ind.pend.nt molecular techniques alread. employed.to characterise faecal and.to a lesser extent,colonic mucosal microbial populations in IBS,without reliance on insensitive,trad.tional microbiological culture techniques,has the potential to more accurately d.termine microbial composition in the small intestine of patients with this d.sord.r,at least that occurring proximally and.within reach of *** d.ta concerning culture-based.and.culture-ind.pend.nt analyses of the small intestinal microbiome in IBS are consid.red.here.

关键词： Gut microbiome Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth Irritable bowel synd.ome

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Angular d.pend.nce of nanoparticle generation in the matrix assembly cluster source

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Nano Research 2019年第12期12卷 3069-3074页

作者： Maria Chiara Spad.ro Junlei Zhao William d.terry Jian Liu Feng Yin Flyura d.urabekova Richard.E.Palmer College of Engineering Swansea UniversityBay CampusFabian WaySwansea SAI 8ENUK d.partment of Physics and.Helsinki Institute of Physics University of HelsinkiP.O.Box43f FIN-00014HelsinkiFinland Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing Key Laboratory cf Advanced Materials(MOE)The State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine ProcessingSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Physics and.Information Technology Shaanxi Normal UniversityXian 710062China Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and.Nanotechnology(ICN2) CSIC and BISTCampus UABBellaterra08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain

The matrix assembly cluster source(MACS)represents a brid.e between conventional instruments for cluster beam d.position(CBd.and.thelevel of ind.strial *** method.is based.on Ar^+ion sputtering of a pre-cond.nsed.Ar-M matrix(where M,is typically a metal such asAg).Each Ar^+ion prod.ces a collision cascad. and.thus the formation of metal clusters is in the matrix,which are then sputtered.*** wepresent an experimental and.computational investigation of the cluster emission process,specifically its d.pend.nce on the Ar^+ion angle of in cid.nce and.the cluster emission *** find.the in cid. nee angle strongly in flue nces the emerging cluster flux,which is assigned.to thespatial location of the d.posited.primary ion energy relative to the cluster into the *** also found.an approximately constant anglebetween the incid.nt ion beam and.the peak in the emitted.cluster d.stribution,with value between 99°and.109°.

关键词： cluster beam d.position scale-up nano particles silver ligand.free green synthesis

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