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Qualitative Comparison between the Brazilian Labeling Program for Buildings and the Portuguese Energy Certification System for Buildings:Proposals for Improving Brazilian Regulations

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Energy Engineering 2021年第3期118卷 615-629页

作者： Jaime Francisco de Sousa Resende Andrea Lucia Teixeira Charbel teresa cristina bessa nogueira assunção Graduate Program in Energy Engineering Federal University of São João del ReiSão João del ReiBrazil Department of Thermal and Fluid Sciences Federal University of São João del ReiSão João del ReiBrazil Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of São João del ReiSão João del ReiBrazil

Buildings represent a significant share of the world’s energy consumption,and the sector has drawn the attention of governments,which have adopted policies to reduce energy *** Certifications of Energy Efficiency in Buildings stand out as one possible solution to achieve this goal,employed in several countries *** European Union presents advanced energy assessment programs for buildings,being a reference and model for several other regulations in the *** Energy Certification System for Buildings(SCE)of Portugal is considered a success case,reflected in the significant number of energy certificates *** Brazilian Labeling Program for Building(PBE Edifica),first launched in 2009,does not find a broad application today in the Brazilian *** work shows a synthesis of the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive(EPBD)and the Brazilian and Portuguese regulations’history.A qualitative comparison is made between the SCE and the PBE Edifica to verify a European and a developing country’s regulations with a certain degree of cultural and climatic *** this comparison,proposals are made for improvements to Brazilian certification,seeking to improve its energy planning and energy policy concerning its building *** suggestions for improvement presented may also be appropriate for other developing countries that have started and have not yet successfully implemented their energy certification programs in buildings.

关键词： Energy efficiency energy policy building labeling energy certification improvement proposals

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Probiotics as a complementary therapeutic approach in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第3期7卷 559-565页

作者： Silvia Marinho Ferolla Geyza nogueira de Almeida Armiliato Claudia Alves Couto teresa cristina Abreu Ferrari Departamento de Clinica Medica Centro de Pos-Graduacao Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 30130-100 Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is currently recognized as one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. It involves a spectrum of conditionsthat include pure steatosis without inflammation, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. The key factor in the pathophysiology of NAFLD is insulin resistance that determines lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes and, thus, oxidative stress, which is followed by inflammatory response. However, NAFLD pathogenesis is still largely unknown and has been extensively investigated. Although life style modification with the aim of losing weight has been advocated to treat this disorder, its effectiveness is limited; additionally, there is no specific pharmacologic treatment until nowadays. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in the development of insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, necroinflammation and fibrosis. Differences in gut microbiota between NAFLD patients and lean individuals as well as presence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in NAFLD subjects have been demonstrated. Furthermore, some data indicate that the immunoregulatory effects of probiotics may be beneficial in NAFLD treatment as they modulate the intestinal microbiota; improve epithelial barrier function and strengthen the intestinal wall decreasing its permeability; reduce bacterial translocation and endotoxemia; improve intestinal inflammation; and reduce oxidative and inflammatory liver damage. In this article, we review the clinical trials on the use of probiotics in the treatment of NAFLD and discuss the effects of these agents and their efficacy as an emerging therapeutic resource to treat NAFLD patients.

关键词： Fatty liver Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Probiotic Intestinal microbiota

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Triiodothyronine and breast cancer

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World Journal of Clinical oncology 2014年第3期5卷 503-508页

作者： Maria teresa De Sibio Miriane de oliveira Fernanda cristina Fontes Moretto Regiane Marques Castro olimpio Sandro José Conde Aline Carbonera Luvizon Célia Regina nogueira Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu Medical SchoolUniv Estadual PaulistaUNESPBotucatuSP 18618-970Brazil Department of Pathology Botucatu Medical School Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP Botucatu SP 18618-970Brazil

The thyroid hormones(THs), triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine(T4), are essential for survival; they are involved in the processes of development, growth, and metabolism. In addition to hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, THs are involved in other diseases. The role of THs in the development and differentiation of mammary epithelium is well established; however, their specific role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer(BC) is controversial. Steroid hormones affect many human cancers and the abnormal responsiveness of the mammary epithelial cells to estradiol(E2) in particular is known to be an important cause for the development and progression of BC. The proliferative effect of T3 has been demonstrated in various types of cancer. In BC cell lines, T3 may foster the conditions for tumor proliferation and increase the effect of cell proliferation by E2; thus, T3 may play a role in the developmentand progression of BC. Studies show that T3 has effects similar to E2 in BC cell lines. Despite controversy regarding the relationship between thyroid disturbances and the incidence of BC, studies show that thyroid status may influence the development of tumor, proliferation and metastasis.

关键词： Thyroid hormone Triiodothyronine Breast cancer Mammary gland and metabolism

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