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National Social Investment Programmes in Nigeria:A Descriptive Analysis of the Socio-Economic Contributions of N-Power Programme in Benue State

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Management Studies 2024年第1期12卷 9-20页

作者： robert Idoko Ogwola Dennis Anyebe Olofu Charles Amobi Aneke Federal University GashuaNigeria National Council for Arts and Culture Garki-AbujaNigeria

This study analysed the socio-economic contributions of N-Power programme amongst the beneficiaries of the scheme in Benue *** to the introduction of N-Power programme,successive administrations in Nigeria have made concerted efforts towards improving the standard of living of the citizenry through the execution of various welfare or social intervention programmes,but not much successes were *** from the mistakes of the past regimes,and by way of deliberate state policy,the Buhari’s government initiated a multi-pronged social investment policy,one of which is the N-power programme that came onboard in 2016,which also doubles as the subject of this *** achieve the goal of this study,a combination of desktop research and survey design was *** were administered to 390 respondents through a combination of stratified and random sampling *** results of the survey were matched with that of the secondary data obtained through online websites and other related *** result indicated that N-Power made positive contributions to the socio-economic life of the beneficiaries in Benue State:specifically,the scheme contributed in poverty eradication,employment generation,skills acquisitions and capacity ***,some aspect of our findings revealed that the programme has a number of challenges such as:inadequate cash support,delay in monthly cash transfer to beneficiaries,distance participants had to move to their work stations,absence of posting in N-Teach scheme,and lack of adequate working tools amongst *** salvage this problem the paper recommended the following solutions:expansion of the scheme to cover N-Teach and other aspects,increment in the monthly cash transfer to cushion the high rate of inflation,support for the participants/beneficiaries in transportation and logistics,enrolment of more youth into the various schemes,proper monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the schemes among

关键词： national social investment programme N-Power contributions socio-economic development

Comparative Study of Exhaust Emissions from Diesel and Syngas Powered 3.5 kW Compression Ignition Engine with and without Load

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第8期12卷 30-46页

作者： Benson Kariuki Paul Njogu Joseph Kamau robert Kinyua Sameer Bachani Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technical University of Mombasa Mombasa Kenya

Despite diesel engines being highly efficient, with low fuel consumption and reduced carbon dioxide emissions, they emit relatively high levels of particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) due to high exhaust gas temperatures. Engine emissions show the quality and completeness of combustion. This paper aims to present the results of a study comparing exhaust emissions from a diesel and syngas powered engine. Syngas was produced from co-firing coal and biomass in a gasifier then cleaned, cooled and applied as an alternative fuel in an engine operated from 0 - 100% load. Exhaust-emissions were monitored at this load conditions. The exhaust-temperature was measured using thermocouples and the emission gases were analyzed using Testo 350. The emissions were lower and decreased as the engine load increased, except for sulphur dioxide and NOx. The study shows that levels of carbon monoxide, were higher in a range of 46.5 - 80.2%, while carbon dioxide was 3.3 - 18% higher compared to those from diesel. Hydrocarbon emissions were 480 and 1250 ppm for diesel and syngas respectively. The study reveals that the engine operates optimally at higher loads since hydrocarbons and oxides of carbon are low due to complete combustion at higher temperatures. Exhaust gas temperature was higher in the syngas fuel and increased as the engine load increased in the range of 455.83 - 480.03˚C which influenced the formation of NOx. NOx from diesel was found to be higher, ranging from 32.5 - 40.5%, compared to those from syngas with an engine load of 75%. The study observed that relative to diesel, the emissions of sulfur dioxide at 50% engine load were lower in a range of 23.7 - 57.1%. Emissions of hydrocarbons depended on the degree of substitution of diesel and engine load. The study therefore shows that, relative to diesel, emissions decreased when syngas was used with upgraded syngas from Prosporis juliflora presenting as the best alternative followed by Hyphanae compressa, and last

关键词： Emissions Engine Load Temperature Neat-Diesel Syngas

The Sigma-1 Receptor as a Pharmacologic Chaperone: Energetics

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 347-356页

作者： robert B. Raffa Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. School of Pharmacy (Emeritus) Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Pharmacy (Adjunct) University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA NEMA Research Naples FL USA

Initially thought to be an opioid receptor subtype, Sigma-1 receptors (S1R) are now known to be unique proteins that have chaperone-like properties. As such, they play critical roles in cellular signaling, homeostasis, and cell survival. These roles offer significant insight for understanding homeostasis of normal physiologic processes, and the pathophysiologic consequences of disruption of normal function. Because of the broad nature of chaperone action, S1R agonists and antagonists represent potential drug discovery goals for the pharmacotherapeutic treatment of a variety of disorders that result from dysfunctional proteins. The present study summarizes the S1R as a pharmacologic chaperone crucial for protein folding and cellular homeostasis. Through literature review and thermodynamic analysis, it explores how S1R stabilizes target proteins, influencing neuroprotection and potential drug therapies. The binding of chaperones to target proteins is thermodynamically favorable, offering insights into treating diseases linked to protein misfolding.

关键词： Chaperone Sigma-1 Receptor Energetics Thermodynamics Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry

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具有半子模式欧拉拓扑绝缘体的声学观测

Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1653-1659页

作者：姜斌 Adrien Bouhon 吴世巧孔泽霖林志康 robert-Jan Slager 蒋建华 Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou 215123China School of Physical Science and Technology&Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China TCM Group Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUK NORDITA Stockholm University and KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm SE-10691Sweden

Topological band theory has conventionally been concerned with the topology of bands around a single gap. Only recently non-Abelian topologies that thrive on involving multiple gaps were studied, unveiling a new horizon in topological physics beyond the conventional paradigm. Here, we report on the first experimental realization of a topological Euler insulator phase with unique meronic characterization in an acoustic metamaterial. We demonstrate that this topological phase has several nontrivial features:First, the system cannot be described by conventional topological band theory, but has a nontrivial Euler class that captures the unconventional geometry of the Bloch bands in the Brillouin ***, we uncover in theory and probe in experiments a meronic configuration of the bulk Bloch states for the first time. Third, using a detailed symmetry analysis, we show that the topological Euler insulator evolves from a non-Abelian topological semimetal phase via. the annihilation of Dirac points in pairs in one of the band gaps. With these nontrivial properties, we establish concretely an unconventional bulk-edge correspondence which is confirmed by directly measuring the edge states via. pump-probe techniques. Our work thus unveils a nontrivial topological Euler insulator phase with a unique meronic pattern and paves the way as a platform for non-Abelian topological phenomena.

关键词： Euler insulators Meronic waves Acoustic metamaterials Topological phases of matter

Hepatic vein reconstruction during hepatectomy:A feasible and underused technique

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 421-427页

作者： Manish Ahuja Kunal Joshi Chris Coldham Paulo Muiesan Bobby Dasari Manuel Abradelo Ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza John Isaac David Bartlett Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias robert P Sutcliffe Keith J roberts Department of HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Complete surgical resection(R0)of liver tumors,primary or metastatic,remains the main objective in management of primary and metastatic liver tumors[1].Tumors invading to the proximity of the hepatic venous outflow pose a peculiar challenge to achieve R0 resections,because this location may render a tumor *** median survival of patients with liver tumor without surgery is less than 12 months[2].Even with surgery,post-hepatectomy liver failure and subsequently increased mortality are the main problems associated with complex resection[3].Moreover,when the vein is affected,vein resection and subsequent reconstruction are *** resection is a standard practice in liver resection and transplantation[4],for example,hepatic vein reconstruction during a living-donor liver transplant,porto-mesenteric axis reconstruction during resection of advanced pancreatic cancer and caval reconstruction during resection of retroperitoneal ***,novel techniques like total hepatic vascular exclusion(HVE)[5],veno-venous bypass[6]and ex vivo hepatic resection[7,8]have facilitated curative resections of tumors close to one or more major hepatic veins.

关键词： hepatectomy surgery mortality

Psychiatric comorbidities in children with conduct disorder:a descriptive analysis of real-world data

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General Psychiatry 2024年第2期37卷 301-305页

作者： Tashalee R Brown Anita S Kablinger robert Trestman Eraka Bath Cynthia Rogers Binx Yezhe Lin Kevin Young Xu University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVirginiaUSA Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine St LouisMissouriUSA Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders Chinese-German Institute of Mental HealthShanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health CenterSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Psychosomatic Medicine Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine in Saint LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA

To the editor:Two recent advisories from the US surgeon general have underscored the unprecedented public health crisis in youth mental health and emphasised the need for“timely data collection and research to identify and respond to youth mental health needs more rapidly”.1 Increased rates of suicidal behaviour,depression and anxiety symptoms and substance use.

关键词： morbid Psychiat editor

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不同商业批次花生的黄曲霉毒素水平模拟研究

核农学报 2024年第2期38卷 336-344页

作者：陈尤佳 Panagiota H Tsatsos 张嘉玲 Haydu K robert 玛氏箭牌有限公司全球科学与技术部北京101407 玛氏箭牌有限公司全球科学与技术部伊利诺伊芝加哥60642 玛氏箭牌糖果(中国)有限公司商务部广东广州510623 玛氏箭牌有限公司全球质量与食品安全部伊利诺伊芝加哥60642

为准确获知花生贸易中商业批次的黄曲霉毒素水平,本研究通过模拟应用联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)的农业品类真菌毒素取样模型,以脱壳整粒花生批次为模拟对象,在中国、日本法规限值下,分别设置实验室样品数目、实验室样品量和接受/拒绝限... 详细信息

为准确获知花生贸易中商业批次的黄曲霉毒素水平,本研究通过模拟应用联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)的农业品类真菌毒素取样模型,以脱壳整粒花生批次为模拟对象,在中国、日本法规限值下,分别设置实验室样品数目、实验室样品量和接受/拒绝限值,模拟每种组合超出法规限值的接收/放行概率。结果表明,在常规黄曲霉毒素风险的产季/产地下,批次能够满足>90%概率符合中国国标和日本法规的取样方案分别为:设置接受/拒绝限值为黄曲霉毒素B15~10 ng·g^(-1),实验室样品数目和样品量分别为2~3个、5~10 kg;设置接受/拒绝限值为黄曲霉毒素总量5 ng·g^(-1),实验室样品数目和样品量分别为3个、10 kg。推荐在以下3种高风险或风险不确定情景下应用此模型制订升级取样方案、调整接收限值、增强采购/销售信心:黄曲霉毒素高风险产季/产地采购;新开发的供应商/采购区域;批次超标预警时对新批次的放行,以免连续超标。本研究结果为中国花生加工/贸易企业提供了科学取样方案,进而为保障食品安全、保护企业经济利益提供了理论参考。

关键词：花生黄曲霉毒素取样模拟

The Importance of Setting Treatment Goals for Cardiovascular Diseases

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 10-15页

作者： David S. Schade Bramara Nagamallika Godasi Teodor Duro robert Philip Eaton University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque USA

Background: Guidelines are issued by most major organizations that focus on a specific disease entity. Guidelines should be a significant help to the practicing physician who may not be up-to-date with the recent medical literature. Unfortunately, when conflicting guidelines for a specific disease are published, confusion results. Purpose: This article provides a suggested guideline outcome measure that would benefit the physician and patient. Methods: A review of 19 different guidelines for cardiovascular disease treatment is one example of the lack of specific outcomes that currently exist. The basic problem with most guidelines is that they do not state the expected end result (i.e., the benefit to the patient) if that guideline is followed. When guidelines use cardiovascular disease risk factors to dictate therapy, the end benefit is never stated so that the patient can make an appropriate choice of which (if any) guideline to follow. Results: A good example is guidelines published by the American Heart Association for reducing cardiovascular disease. These guidelines are risk factor based and only indicate that cardiovascular disease would be reduced if followed. No specific percentage in the reduction of the incidence of disease is given. In contrast, when elimination of the disease is the stated goal of the guideline, the end result is clear. To date, this goal has been stated by only one organization devoted to eliminating cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Guidelines need to be written to provide the physician and the patient with a specific end point that is expected when the guideline is followed. Patient acceptance and compliance will be much improved if the patient knows the risk/benefit of following the guideline’s recommendations.

关键词： Guideline Goals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Pooled Cohort Equations

Projected impacts of climate change on the habitat of Xerophyta species in Africa

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 91-100页

作者： Vincent Okelo Wanga Boniface KNgarega Millicent Akinyi Oulo Elijah Mbandi Mkala Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau Guy Eric Onjalalaina Wyclif Ochieng Odago Consolata Nanjala Clintone Onyango Ochieng Moses Kirega Gichua robert Wahiti Gituru Guang-Wan Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Centre for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun 666303China Botany Department Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya East African Herbarium National Museums of KenyaP.O.Box 451660-0100NairobiKenya

Climate change poses a serious long-term threat to *** effectively reduce biodiversity loss,conservationists need to have a thorough understanding of the preferred habitats of species and the variables that affect their ***,predicting the impact of climate change on speciesappropriate habitats may help mitigate the potential threats to biodiversity ***,a monocotyledonous genus of the family Velloziaceae is native to mainland Africa,Madagascar,and the Arabian *** key drivers of Xerophyta habitat distribution and preference are *** 308 species occurrence data and eight environmental variables,the MaxEnt model was used to determine the potential distribution of six Xerophyta species in Africa under past,current and future climate change *** results showed that the models had a good predictive ability(Area Under the Curve and True Skill Statistics values for all SDMs were more than 0.902),indicating high accuracy in forecasting the potential geographic distribution of Xerophyta *** main bioclimatic variables that impacted potential distributions of most Xerophyta species were mean temperature of the driest quarter(Bio9)and precipitation of the warmest quarter(Bio18).According to our models,tropical Africa has zones of moderate and high suitability for Xerophyta taxa,which is consistent with the majority of documented species *** habitat suitability of the existing range of the Xerophyta species varied based on the climate scenario,with most species experiencing a range loss greater than the range gain regardless of the climate *** projected spatiotemporal patterns of Xerophyta species help guide recommendations for conservation efforts.

关键词： Africa Climate change MaxEnt model Potential suitable distribution Velloziaceae Xerophyta