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role of functional imaging in the development and refinement of invasive neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders

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World Journal of radiology 2014年第10期6卷 756-778页

作者： Nolan r Williams Joseph J taylor Kayla Lamb Colleen A hanlon E Baron Sh.r. Mark S George Brain StimulatioLaboratory Medical University of South Carolina CharlestonSC 29425 United States ralph h Johnson VA Medical Center Charleston SC 29401 United State Center for Biomedical Imaging Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston SC 29425 United States

Deep brain stimulation(DBS) is emerging as a pow-erful tool for the alleviation of targeted symptoms in treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the expanding use of neuropsychiatric DBS, the mecha-nisms responsible for its effects are only starting to be elucidated. Several modalities such as quantitative elec-troencephalography as well a intraoperative recordings have been utilized to attempt to understand the under-pinnings of this new treatment modality, but functional imaging appears to offer several unique advantages. Functional imaging techniques like positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomog-raphy and functional magnetic resonance imaging have been used to examine the effects of focal DBS on activ-ity in a distributed neural network. These investigations are critical for advancing the field of invasive neuro-modulation in a safe and effective manner, particularly in terms of defining the neuroanatomical targets and refining the stimulation protocols. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current functional neuroim-aging findings from neuropsychiatric DBS implantation for three disorders: treatment-resistant depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Tourette syndrome. All of the major targets will be discussed(Nucleus ac-cumbens, anterior limb of internal capsule, subcallosal cingulate, Subthalamic nucleus, Centromedial nucleus of the thalamus-Parafasicular complex, frontal pole, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). We will also address some apparent inconsistencies within this literature, and suggest potential future directions for this promis-ing area.

关键词： Deep brain stimulation Functional neuroimaging Functional magnetic resonance imaging Functional magnetic resonance imaging Cortical stimulation Nuclear imaging

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矿山经济评价与可行性研究

国外金属矿采矿 1979年第9期 1-14页

作者： h.K.taylor 宋彦琦

本文的目的是论述对某些拟议建设的矿业工程进行经济研究的全部要求和原则,以此作为总的骨架,去引出并连系由其他作者作出的详细介绍,避免局部的细节的论述。由于可行性报告不过是要求依次编写的多份报告的连续研究过程的最后阶级,所... 详细信息

本文的目的是论述对某些拟议建设的矿业工程进行经济研究的全部要求和原则,以此作为总的骨架,去引出并连系由其他作者作出的详细介绍,避免局部的细节的论述。由于可行性报告不过是要求依次编写的多份报告的连续研究过程的最后阶级,所以对于各种初期和中期的评价研究与报告,必

关键词：矿山企业可行性研究经济评价矿石储量矿业工程工程公司中间性边界品位中间阶段经济研究

Flux penetration of an hTS coated-conductor tape by an approaching permanent magnet

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Superconductivity 2022年第4期4卷 41-50页

作者： r.W.taylor T.Booth M.D.Ainslie h.W.Weijers r.A.Badcock C.W.Bumby Paihau-robinson research Institute Victoria University of WellingtonLower Hutt 5010New Zealand MacDiarmid Institute Victoria University of WellingtonWellington 6140New Zealand Department of Engineering King’s College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUnited Kingdom

Interactions between inhomogeneous magnetic fields and a superconductor lie at the heart of several high‐temperature superconducting(hTS)*** example is the situation wh.r. the magnetic field from a small permanent magnet(PM)is applied to a coated‐conductor hTS tape,such that flux penetrates the *** PM field is highly spatially inhomogeneous,such that th.r. is significant variation in the applied field magnitude and direction across the *** leads to a varying local critical current density,J_(c)(B,θ),across the tape,and consequently different‘shielding’(magnetic flux penetration)behaviour than is the case for a uniform applied ***,we report results from measurements and numerical simulations of the penetrating magnetic field within an hTS coated‐conductor tape which occur as a PM dipole approaches from a *** simulations were performed using a finite‐element model based on the h‐formulation,and which incorporated experimentally‐measured anisotropic J_(c)(B,θ)Þproperties from a coated‐conductor *** showed good agreement with experimental *** effects of varying key modelling assumptions and parameters were then studied,including changing the widths of the PM and hTS tape and the magnitude of J_(c)(B,θ).The inhomogeneity of the PM field leads to a ch.r.cteristic gull‐wing distribution of magnetic flux across the superconductor at elevated applied *** approach of the PM to the tape suppresses Jc in the centre of the tape,and this results in the observation of a ch.r.cteristic maxima for the total shielding currents circulating in the tape.A figure of merit is introduced which uses this effect to provide a threshold definition for‘full flux penetration’of an hTS tape by an inhomogeneous dipole field.

关键词： Coated conductor high temperature superconductors hTS modelling Finite‐element method

Large deformation and wrinkling analyses of bimodular structures and membranes based on a peridynamic computational framework

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第6期35卷 1226-1240页

作者： h.Li Y.G.Zheng Y.X.Zhang h.F.Ye h.W.Zhang Science and Technology on reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610200China International research Center for Computational Mechanics State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial EquipmentDepartment of Engineering MechanicsFaculty of Vehicle Engineering and MechanicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

In this paper,the quasi-static large deformation,wrinkling and fracture behaviors of bimodular structures and membranes are studied with an implicit bond-based peridynamic computational ***,the constant and tangential stiffness matrices of the implicit peridynamic formulations for the nonlinear problems are derived,*** former is con structed from the linearization of the bond strain on the basis of the geometric approximation while the latter is established according to the linearization of the pairwise force by using first-order taylor’s ***,a bimodular material model in peridynamics is developed,in which the tensile or compressive behavior of the material at each point is conveniently described by the tensile or compressive states of the bonds in its ***,the bimodular material model is extended to deal with the wrinkling and fracture problems of membranes by setting the compressive micro-modulus to be *** addition,the incremental-iterative algorithm is adopted to obtain the convergent solutions of the nonlinear ***,several representative numerical examples are presented and the results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for the large deformation,wrinkling and fracture analyses of bimodular structures and membranes.

关键词： Bimodular structures Wrinkling membranes Fracture problems Peridynamics Implicit numerical algorithm

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岩浆对围岩的同化作用对岩浆岩18O/16O和87Sr/86Sr系统的影响

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地球与环境 1981年第11期 30-36页

作者： h.P.taylor 于津生

最近几年许多工作者发现火成岩全岩样品中δ;O与;Sr/;Sr初始值之间存在正相关关系。其中有些关系已综合于图1中。这些关系的重要性在于,地球上这两个同位素系统中的变化是由完全不同的机理所造成的。岩石变得富;Sr是由于加入了由;rb衰... 详细信息

最近几年许多工作者发现火成岩全岩样品中δ;O与;Sr/;Sr初始值之间存在正相关关系。其中有些关系已综合于图1中。这些关系的重要性在于,地球上这两个同位素系统中的变化是由完全不同的机理所造成的。岩石变得富;Sr是由于加入了由;rb衰变产生的放射成因锶;主要富集;Sr的储藏库是古老的大陆岩石或由此衍生的沉积物。大陆或洋壳的沉积岩富含

关键词：岩浆 ppm Sr 分离结晶作用同化作用同位素交换同位素分离岩石类型岩石分类堆积岩石英辉长岩

Mind the “Gap”: A Comparison of the Weekly Training Loads of English Premier League Academy Soccer Players in Under 23, Under 18 and Under 16 Age-Groups

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第1期5卷 34-43页

作者： Jonathan M.taylor Jonathan L.Madden Frances hunter Ben J.Th.r.e Shaun J.McLaren School of health and Life Sciences Teesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK Leeds United Football Club LeedsUK Middlesbrough Football Club MiddlesbroughUK hintsa Performance LondonUK Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Durham UniversityDurhamUK

Purpose The transition into full-time training represents a key period in the development of young soccer *** we compared the weekly training loads(matches,field-,and resistance-training)of English Premier-League Academy soccer players from under-16(U16),under-18(U18)and under-23(U23)age-groups during a training *** Forty players(U16 n=13,U18 n=15 and U23 n=12)were monitored using global navigation satellite systems and differential ratings of perceived exertion(drPE).External load metrics were total distance,high-speed running distance,[absolute:≥19.8 km/h.r.lative:≥87%of 30-15 final-velocity(vIFT)],sprint distance(absolute:≥25.2 km/h.r.lative:≥80%maximal sprint speed),and dynamic stress *** load metrics were drPE training *** Oth.r.than relative sprint distance,overall weekly external training loads were substantially greater for U18s and U23s when compared with U16s[effect size range:1.09-1.99(moderate to large);±90%confidence limits~0.45].When compared with U16s,overall internal loads were substantially greater for U18s[0.69-0.95(moderate);±~0.40],but not *** in weekly training loads between U18s and U23s were *** Substantial differences in training loads between elite U16 players and their older counterparts,indicates the need for planned increases in training loads in anticipation of the transition into full-time training.

关键词： Team-sports rPE LTAD Individualised training Training load

两株异养细菌Providencia rettgeri YL和Alcaligenes faecalis Nr脱除能力的研究

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两株异养细菌Providencia rettgeri YL和Alcaligenes faecalis NR...

作者： Shauna taylor 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

存在于水体中的含氮物质,已经成为很多年里,造成水体污染的主要原因之一。水体中的氮主要以氨氮,亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的形式存在。他们主要是由于工业、农业和市政污水缺少足够的处理,直接排放而进入到水体中,造成了非常严重的环境和健康... 详细信息

存在于水体中的含氮物质,已经成为很多年里,造成水体污染的主要原因之一。水体中的氮主要以氨氮,亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的形式存在。他们主要是由于工业、农业和市政污水缺少足够的处理,直接排放而进入到水体中,造成了非常严重的环境和健康问题。涉及到含氮物质污染的水体主要表现为水中溶解氧好尽,水体毒性增强以及水体的富营养化。为了降低含氮物质对环境的负面影响,找到有效的处理方法是至关重要的。传统的处理方法是在排放到接受水体前,通过活性污泥来降低水中氮的含量。活性污泥法是用在自然界的微生物来降解水中含碳,含氮及含磷的化合物。这些微生物在自然界中,不论是在高或者是低的营养环境里,通过硝化和反硝化来完成降解过程。 Nitrification and Denitrification硝化和反硝化硝化和反硝化是发生在活细菌细胞中的两个化学反应,是氮循环中的重要组成部分。生物脱氮其实是硝化和反硝化两个步骤。在第一个步骤(硝化),氨氮在有氧的条件下转化成硝态氮,在第2步(反硝化)中,生成的硝氮在缺氧的环境里,被进一步转化为一氧化二氮或氮气。传统意义上,硝化也被认为是两步生化反应过程,两步反应方程如下所示。而这两步反应需要截然不同的两组细菌的催化才能完成。首先,在氨氧化菌(AOB)的作用下,氨氮首先被氧化成亚硝酸氮,然后再在亚硝酸氧化菌(NOB)的作用下,亚硝酸根最终被氧化成硝酸根。Nh+ + 3O→NO + hO + 2h NO + O→NO 反硝化是指亚硝酸根或硝酸根转化成氮气或者氮的氧化物的过程。由生物活动实现这个过程的称为生物反硝化,而通过化学减少亚硝酸根或者其他不稳定的氮的化合物则称为化学反硝化。整个反硝化过程是一个循序渐进的过程。NO→NO→X→NO→N其中的X可能是指NO。 heterotrophic Nitrification异养细菌硝化 Bock和Wagner (2003) [15]对异养硝化的定义是在好氧的条件下,氨氮、羟胺或者其它含氨的有机化合物,通过各种类型的化学生物有机体,氧化成亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的过程。在异养反硝化中,生物生长完全依懒于有机质的氧化。除了细菌,其它的微生物也能发生异养反硝化,特别是曲霉菌、青霉菌和放线菌。不同于由自养细菌所发生的反应,异养硝化是一个典型的发生在一个过程中的两级反应,且每级反应中需要的细菌种类也不同。和自养硝化菌相比,大多的异氧硝化菌只有在生长活性期后,才开始作用于亚硝酸根和硝酸根。然而,很多异养硝化菌是有能够氧化氮化合物的能力的。事实上,它们不仅能氧化氨氮、羟胺和亚硝酸根,也能氧化许多有机氮化物。已证实的异养硝化产物包括了:亚硝酸根、硝酸根、氧肟酸、肟、亚硝基和硝基化合物。通常,异养硝化的最终产物是硝酸盐,但是一些异养硝化菌也同时具有反硝化的能力。因此,这一类的细菌能同时把硝酸根还原成氮气或者是其它一些挥发性的氮的化合物。最近的相关研究主要集中在一些能在有机质上,发生生物反硝化作用的异养硝化细菌,因为,这一类型的细菌能够通过形成氮气或者其它含氮气体,来完成整个去除水中溶解氮的过程。 Aerobic Denitrification好氧反硝化好氧反硝化是一个在半好氧或者全好氧的条件下,还原硝酸盐,生成一氧化氮、氧化亚氮和氮气的过程。在很多年里,由于能提供厌氧能量,反硝化一直被认为是一个厌氧过程。在反硝化过程中,第一步:硝酸先被两种酶(膜结合硝酸盐还原酶和细胞周质硝酸盐还原酶)活化,其中膜结合硝酸盐还原酶在好氧条件下作用明显,而细胞周质硝酸盐还原酶主要作用在缺氧的环境中。和有氧呼吸一样,在反硝化过程中,有机物可以完全转化成二氧化碳,而如下所列的异养细菌要么能实现完全的反硝化过程要么能实现部分的反硝化:Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Chromobacterium, Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, hypomicrobium, Moraxella, Neisseria, Paracoccus, Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas, rhizobium, rhodopseudomonas, Spirillium和Vibrio。但是大部分的这些细菌在市政污水中含量很低。 research Background (研究背景) 为了调查控制同步硝化和反硝化的条件和反应过程,我们实验室曾进行过一个膜生物反应器的研究。在这项研究里,连续实验是通过控制反应条件和配置的废水所展开的,实验证实整个系统脱氮能力可达80%,并在系统中分离出三种细菌。在对分离出来的细菌中,进一步的实验则证实了它们异氧硝化和好氧反硝化的作用。接下来则要对于

关键词：水体污染富营养化氨氮脱除硝化反应

On the exoneration of Dr. William h. Stewart: debunking an urban legend

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 17-21页

作者： Brad Spellberg Bonnie taylor-Blake Los Angeles Biomedical research Institute at h.r.or-University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA)Medical Center TorranceCAUSA The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los AngelesCAUSA University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel hill WilmingtonNCUSA

Background:It is one of the most infamous quotes in the history of biomedicine:“It is time to close the book on infectious diseases,and declare the war against pestilence won.”Long attributed to the United States Surgeon General,*** ***(1965-1969),the statement is frequently used as a foil by scientific and lay auth.r. to underscore the ever-increasing problems of antibiotic-resistant and emerging ***,the primary source for the quote has never been ***:We undertook a comprehensive search of multiple databases encompassing medical literature,news articles,and congressional records to attempt to identify sources for the ***:No source of the quote was ***,a trail of source documents was identified that clearly serves as the basis for subsequent,incorrect attribution of the quote to *** multiple source documents,*** made statements to the opposite effect,clearly recognizing that infectious diseases had not been *** urban legend was created by a combination of lack of primary witnesses to the originating speech,misunderstanding of points made by *** in the speech,and increasing societal concern about emerging and re-emerging infectious ***:Attribution to *** of a belief that it was time to close the book on infectious diseases is an urban legend;he never made any such *** oth.r.verifiable sources,however,confirm that oth.r.people in academia adopted this *** should no longer be cited in this regard,and should be replaced with verifiable sources.

关键词： William h.Stewart Urban legend history of antibiotics Antibiotic development Antibiotic crisis Public policy

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档案资料的整理与编目

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