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Molecular Cloning of a Cytosolic G6PDH Gene from Populus Suaveolens and Its Expression to Improve the Cold Resistance of Tobacco Plants

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冰川冻土 2009年第6期31卷 1178-1185页

作者： LIN Yuan-zhen1.2,GUO Hai3,zhang Zhi-yi2,LIN Shan-zhi2 (1. {1. of forestry,South china Agricultural university,Guangzhou Guangdong 51.642,china 2. Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants,MOE,Beijing forestry university,Beijing 1.0083,china 3. Plant Materials Center for Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing1.0038,china) college of {1. South China Agricultural University Guangdong Guangzhou 510642 Plant Materials Center for Soil and Water Conservation Ministry of Water ResourcesChina Beijing 100038 Beijing {1. university Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMOE Beijing 100083 Beijing {1. university Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental PlantsMOE Beijing 100083

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH,EC 1.***.1.49) is the first and main regulated enzyme of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP),catalyzing the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phospho-gluconolactone and playing important roles in the growth and development of plants. It is preciously reported that the enhancement of freezing resistance of Populus suaveolenscuttings is clear related to the distinct increase in cytosolic G6PDH activity. Here,a 1.97 bp cDNA fragment (PsG6PDH) is amplified by RT-PCR from cold-induced total RNA of the freezing-tolerant P. suaveolens. A sequence analysis showed that PsG6PDH coding region had 1.530 bp and encoded 51. predicted amino acid residues. Genomic Southern analysis revealed that the isoform is encoded by a few copies of the gene in the poplar genome. The cloned gene PsG6PDHis cloned into binary vector pBI1.1.and used to transform tobacco. PCR and Southern blotting results verified integration of this gene into the genome of tobacco. Moreover,cold treatment experiments and membrane defense enzymeactivity analysis confirmed that overexpression of the PsG6PDHgene could enhance the tolerance to cold or frigid stresses in transgenic plants.

关键词： Populus suaveolens glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cold resistance gene engineering

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分类前后苏州市生活垃圾管理的环境效益比较

环境科学 2024年第7期45卷 4361-4374页

作者：李昕遥张涛陈坦杨婷张冰金军中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院北京100081 中广核铀业发展有限公司北京100029 中央民族大学北京市食品环境与健康工程技术研究中心北京100081

为系统认识生活垃圾分类对城市环境效益的提升,基于201.~2021.苏州市推行分类前后生活垃圾的处置数据,核算整个收运-处置过程的环境影响潜值,预测苏州市到2035年生活垃圾全过程管理的环境效益.苏州市自201.年底全面实施生活垃圾分类后... 详细信息

为系统认识生活垃圾分类对城市环境效益的提升,基于201.~2021.苏州市推行分类前后生活垃圾的处置数据,核算整个收运-处置过程的环境影响潜值,预测苏州市到2035年生活垃圾全过程管理的环境效益.苏州市自201.年底全面实施生活垃圾分类后,单位质量生活垃圾的环境影响潜值(以PET2000计,下同)由201.年的2.34×1.^(-1.)t^(−1.降至2021.的1.91.1.^(-1.)t^(−1.,降幅1..38%,分类可改善生活垃圾全过程管理的环境效益.以苏州市2021.生活垃圾清运情况为基准,设定不同前端分类效果-后端分质处置规模情景测算,发现生活垃圾前端分类效果梯度提升且末端分质处置能力相应配套后环境效益进一步提升,厨余垃圾分出率和纯度分别提高至40%和95%且实现“垃圾零填埋”的规划处置能力情景下,单位质量垃圾环境影响潜值和碳排放总量较2021.实际情况分别减少23.96%和30.73%.建立基于苏州市人口规模及经济发展水平的线性模型,预计到2035年苏州市的生活垃圾清运量达696.50万t.在苏州市生活垃圾前端分类不断改善及环境卫生持续优化的背景下,基于苏州市末端处置能力现状,至2035年分类效果提高后单位质量生活垃圾环境影响潜值为1.54×1.^(-1.)t^(−1.,总环境影响潜值1.05×1.^(-6),碳排放总量达到380.1.万t;在垃圾末端分质处置规模扩大、原生生活垃圾“零填埋”、厨余垃圾充分资源化的理想情景下,2035年单位质量生活垃圾环境影响潜值为1.28×1.^(-1.)t^(−1.,总环境影响潜值和碳排放总量分别为8.69×1.^(-7)和322.57万t,分别较2021.实际情况减少约5.65%和1.23%.统筹推进分类收运和分质处置的协同,能更好地控制生活垃圾管理过程的潜在环境影响和碳排放.

关键词：生活垃圾(MSW) 苏州全过程管理生命周期评价环境影响潜势(EIP) 碳排放

Development of Temperature-Humidity Independent Control Air-Conditioning Unit for Residential Buildings

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湖南大学学报（自然科学版） 2009年第S1期36卷 83-87页

作者： HAN Xing1.zhang Xu1.LIU {1.-tao2,GAO Si-yun2,KANG Yue2(1.Institute of HVAC & Gas,college of Mechanical Engineering,Tongji university,Shanghai 200092,china 2.Hisense R&D Center,Qingdao,266000,china) Institute of HVAC and Gas College of Mechanical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Hisense R and D Center Qingdao 266000 China

Cooling panels are increasingly used in domestic residential *** provide medium temperature cold water for the cooling panel,and dehumidify the indoor air simultaneously,a new kind of temperature-humidity independent control air-conditioning unit was developed for single residential house by utilizing multi-variable ***,the supply air temperature was studied to determine the proper supply air flow rate for the humidity ***,the energy consumption of different temperature-humidity independent control systems was *** analysis indicates that unity evaporating temperature can be used to handle the moisture load and sensible heat load in two *** the unit scheme was put *** evaporators were used to produce medium temperature water and dry air separately,and electric expansion valves were used to control the refrigerant distribution between the two ***,experimental work was carried out to investigate the influence of compressor frequency,refrigerant distribution on the dehumidification capacity,energy efficiency and refrigeration *** the end,the paper concludes that both compressor frequency and refrigerant distribution can control the dehumidification capacity,but the former influences the EER more than the latter,while the latter influences the refrigeration capacity more than the *** can find a proper running point at certain sensible and latent cooling load by adjusting both compressor frequency and electric expansion *** energy consumption of this kind of unit was estimated and compared with present room air conditioners,which shows that it can save about 41. cooling energy consumption.

关键词： temperature-humidity independent control residential buildings cold dehumidification experimental study

Evolutionary history shapes variation of wood density of tree species across the world

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 283-293页

作者： Fangbing Li Hong Qian Jordi Sardans Dzhamal Y.Amishev Zixuan Wang Changyue zhang Tonggui Wu Xiaoniu Xu Xiao {1. Xingzhao Huang Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA CREAF Cerdanyola del VallesBarcelona 08193Spain Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CSICBellaterraBarcelona 08193Spain Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink China Meteorological Administration(ECSS-CMA)School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science&Technology219 Ningliu RoadNanjing 210044China Department of Natural Resources Management Lakehead UniversityThunder BayOntario P7B 5E1Canada School of forestry&Landscape of Ar{1.tecture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Research Institute of Subtropical forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryHangzhou 311400China

The effect of evolutionary history on wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in wood density,but this has largely not been *** a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 measurements of wood density from 2621.tree species worldwide,we test the hypothesis that the legacy of evolutionary history plays an important role in driving the variation of wood density among tree *** assessed phylogenetic signal in different taxonomic(e.g.,angiosperms and gymnosperms)and ecological(e.g.,tropical,temperate,and boreal)groups of tree species,explored the biogeographical and phylogenetic patterns of wood density,and quantified the relative importance of current environmental factors(e.g.,climatic and soil variables)and evolutionary history(i.e.,phylogenetic relatedness among species and lineages)in driving global wood density *** found that wood density displayed a significant phylogenetic *** density differed among different biomes and climatic zones,with higher mean values of wood density in relatively drier regions(highest in subtropical desert).Our study revealed that at a global scale,for angiosperms and gymnosperms combined,phylogeny and species(representing the variance explained by taxonomy and not direct explained by long-term evolution process)explained 84.3%and 7.7%of total wood density variation,respectively,whereas current environment explained 2.7%of total wood density variation when phylogeny and species were taken into *** angiosperms and gymnosperms were considered separately,the three proportions of explained variation are,respectively,84.2%,7.5%and 6.7%for angiosperms,and 45.7%,21.3%and 1..6%for *** study shows that evolutionary history outpaced current environmental factors in shaping global variation in wood density.

关键词： Wood density Phylogeny Angiosperms Gymnosperms Climate factors Biophysical parameters

Surveying under forest cover, water level, ground and above special constructions

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2005年第S1期15卷 124-127页

作者： FENG Zhong-ke~1, jinG Hai-tao~2, zhang Xue-pei~1, LI Ru-ren~3 (1. Beijing forestry university, Beijing 100083, china 2. Xuzhou Normal university, Xuzhou 221009, china 3. Shenyang Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute, Shenyang 110015, china)

The surveying under the forest cover, water level and the ground and above special construction (e.g. the steel-making furnace) have become a new project in the agriculture, industry and environment monitoring. It should be based on the digital and precision surveying, the 3S(GPS,RS and GIS) technology will be applied to the locating of special site and establishing of surveying information system. The primary theory has been proved and tested in this paper. By the means of the field data, the application of 3S technology has embodied some advantages, such as the characteristic of real-time and high-precision.

关键词： precision surveying special site GPS RS GIS information system

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce ammonia emissions under different land-use types in agro-pastoral areas

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 497-507页

作者： Huaisong WANG Rui GUO Yibo TIAN Nan CUI Xinxin WANG Lei WANG Zhongbao YANG Shuying LI Jixun GUO Lianxuan SHI {1. zhang Institute of Grassland Science Northeast Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Vegetation EcologyMinistry of EducationJilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationChangchun 130024China Institute of environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Dryland AgricultureMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081China Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China college of Agronomy Liaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252059China The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and environmental Adaptation Biology Ministry of EducationSchool of Life ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China forestry and Grassland Bureau of Aohan Banner Chifeng 024005China

Ammonia(NH3)emissions,the most important nitrogen(N)loss form,always induce a series of environmental problems such as increased frequency of regional haze pollution,accelerated N deposition,and N *** mycorrhizal(AM)fungi play key roles in N ***,it is still unclear whether AM fungi can alleviate N losses by reducing *** potential mechanisms by which AM fungi reduce NH_(3)emissions in five land-use types(grazed grassland,mowed grassland,fenced grassland,artificial alfalfa grassland,and cropland)were explored in this *** showed that AM fungal inoculation significantly reduced NH3emissions,and the mycorrhizal responses of NH3emissions were determined by land-use *** equation modeling(SEM)showed that AM fungi and land-use type directly affected NH_(3)*** addition,the reduction in NH_(3)emissions was largely driven by the decline in soil NH_(4)^(+)-N and pH and the increases in abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)amoA and bacteria(AOB)amoB genes,urease activity,and plant N uptake induced by AM fungal inoculation and land-use *** present results highlight that reducing the negative influence of agricultural intensification caused by land-use type changes on AM fungi should be considered to reduce N losses in agriculture and grassland ecosystems.

关键词： agricultural intensification grassland management functional genes plant N uptake N leaching N loss

Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms:transmission, threats, and promising strategies in animal husbandry

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1408-1423页

作者： Mengda Song Qi Tang Yakun Ding Peng Tan Yucheng zhang {1. Wang Chenlong Zhou Shenrui Xu Mengwei Lyu Yueyu Bai Xi Ma State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Innovative Utilization of Local Cattle and Sheep Germplasm Resources(Co‑Construction by Ministry and Province) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSchool of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium in animal husbandry that can cause diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, arthritis, and other ailments. The formation of biofilms threatens and exacerbates S. aureus infection by allowing the bacteria to adhere to pathological areas and livestock product surfaces, thus triggering animal health crises and safety issues with livestock products. To solve this problem, in this review, we provide a brief overview of the harm caused by S. aureus and its biofilms on livestock and animal byproducts(meat and dairy products). We also describe the ways in which S. aureus spreads in animals and the threats it poses to the livestock industry. The processes and molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation are then explained. Finally, we discuss strategies for the removal and eradication of S. aureus and biofilms in animal husbandry, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, plant extracts, nanoparticles, phages, and antibodies. These strategies to reduce the spread of S. aureus in animal husbandry help maintain livestock health and improve productivity to ensure the ecologically sustainable development of animal husbandry and the safety of livestock products.

关键词： Animal husbandry Biofilm Mastitis Mitigation strategies Staphylococcus aureus

Effects of desert plant communities on soil enzyme activities and soil organic carbon in the proluvial fan in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain in Ningxia,china

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第5期16卷 725-737页

作者： SHEN Aihong SHI Yun MI Wenbao YUE Shaoli SHE Jie {1. Fenghong GUO Rui HE Hongyuan WU tao LI Hongxia ZHAO Na college of {1. and Prataculture of Ningxia university Yinchuan 750021China School of Geography and Planning of Ningxia university Yinchuan 750021China Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Agricultural Comprehensive Development Center Yinchuan 750002China Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration Yinchuan 750021China Yinchuan Yinxi Ecological Protection Forest Management Center Yinchuan 750002China

It is of great significance to study the effects of desert plants on soil enzyme activities and soil organic carbon(SOC)for maintaining the stability of the desert *** this study,we studied the responses of soil enzyme activities and SOC fractions(particulate organic carbon(POC)and mineral-associated organic carbon(MAOC))to five typical desert plant communities(Convolvulus tragacanthoides,Ephedra rhytidosperma,Stipa breviflora,Stipa tianschanica ***,and Salsola laricifolia communities)in the proluvial fan in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,*** recorded the plant community information mainly including the plant coverage and herb and shrub species,and obtained the aboveground biomass and plant species diversity through sample surveys in late July *** samples were also collected at depths of 0–1. cm(topsoil)and 1.–20 cm(subsoil)to determine the soil physicochemical properties and enzyme *** results showed that the plant coverage and aboveground biomass of *** community were significantly higher than those of ***,***,and *** *** communities(P1.4-glucosidas(βG)were significantly higher in *** and *** *** communities than in other plant communities(P1..1.%–42.73%higher than that in the *** structural equation model(SEM)indicated that plant species diversity,soil pH,and soil water content(SWC)were the main factors influencing POC and *** soil pH inhibited the formation of POC and promoted the formation of ***,SWC stimulated POC production and hindered MAOC *** study aimed to gain insight into the effects of desert plant c

关键词： proluvial fan desert plant community soil enzyme activity particulate organic carbon mineral-associated organic carbon Helan Mountain

Effects of Amino Acids Replacing Nitrate on Growth,Nitrate Accumulation,and Macroelement Concentrations in Pak-choi (Brassica chinensis L.)

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Pedosphere 2007年第5期17卷 595-600页

作者： WANG Hua-jing WU Liang-Huan WANG Min-Yan ZHU Yuan-Hong {1. Qin-Nan zhang Fu-Suo Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 （China） college of Geography and Resource Sciences Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610066 （China） Department of Crop and Soil Sciences the Pennsylvania State University （USA） college of Resources and {1. China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 （China）

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to determine the influence of replacing 20% of nitrate-N in nutrient solutions with 20 individual amino acids on growth, nitrate accumulation, and concentrations of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P）, and potassium （K） in pak-choi （Brassica chinensis L.） shoots. When 20% of nitrate-N was replaced with arginine （Arg） compared to the full nitrate treatment, pak-choi shoot fresh and dry weights increased significantly （P ≤ 0.05）, but when 20% of nitrate-N was replaced with alanine （Ala）, valine （Val）, leucine （Leu）, isoleucine （Ile）, proline （Pro）, phenylalanine （Phe）, methionine （Met）, aspartic acid （Asp）, glutamic acid （Glu）, lysine （Lys）, glycine （Gly）, serine （Ser）, threonine （Thr）, cysteine （Cys）, and tyrosine （Tyr）, shoot fresh and dry weights decreased significantly （P ≤ 0.05）. After replacing 20% of nitrate-N with asparagine （Asn） and glutamine （Gin）, shoot fresh and dry weights were unaffected. Compared to the full nitrate treatment, amino acid replacement treatments, except for Cys, Gly, histidine （His）, and Arg, significantly reduced （P ≤0.05） nitrate concentrations in plant shoots. Except for Cys, Leu, Pro, and Met, total N concentrations in plant tissues of the other amino acid treatments significantly increased （P ≤ 0.05）. Amino acids also affected total P and K concentrations, but the effects differed depending on individual amino acids. To improve pak-choi shoot quality, Gln and Asn, due to their insignificant effects on pak-choi growth, their significant reduction in nitrate concentrations, and their increase in macroelement content in plants, may be used to partially replace nitrate-N.

关键词： amino acids growth N P and K nitrate accumulation pak-choi