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Immunological role of sulfatide in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1950-1951页

作者： Mio Hamatani takayuki Kondo Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan Department of Neurology Kansai Medical University Medical CenterMoriguchiJapan

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.A certain population of patients with MS present with a relapse-remitting disease course(RRMS) during the early phase and eventually advance to a progressive course(PMS).While immune modulation therapies have recently seen tremendous success in RRMS,our limited knowledge of pathogenesis hampers the development of effective treatments for PMS.

关键词： pathogenesis sclerosis eventually

Attenuation and Distortion of Compression Waves Propagating in Very Long Tube

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Journal of Thermal Science 2011年第1期20卷 53-57页

作者： Shinya NAKAMURA Daisuke SASA Toshiyuki aoki Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu UniversityKasugaFukuoka816-8580Japan

A lot of phenomena related to propagating various waves are seen when the high-speed train goes through the tunnel,the gas pipeline is broken due to an accident or the air brake of the wagon *** instance,a compression wave generated ahead of a high-speed train entering a tunnel propagates to the tunnel exit and spouts as a micro pressure wave,which causes an exploding *** order to estimate the magnitude correctly,the mechanism of the attenuation and distortion of a compression wave propagating along a very long tunnel must be understood and the experimental information on these phenomena is *** experimental investigation is carried out to clarify the attenuation and distortion of the propagating compression wave in a very long *** results show that the strength of a compression wave decreases with *** attenuation and distortion of compression waves are affected by the initial waveform of the compression wave and by the unsteady boundary layer induced by the propagating *** shape of a compression wave becomes different with the propagating distance;that is,a shock wave appears just head of a wavefront and an overshoot on pressure distribution is observed behind a shock wave due to the transition of the unsteady boundary layer.

关键词： Propagating Compression Wave Very Long Tube Micro-pressure Wave High-Speed Train

New Aspects in the Chemistry of Three-membered Ring Compounds Containing a Highly Coordinate Main Group Element

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2005年第9期23卷 1267-1269页

作者： takayuki Kawashima Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113 Japan

The title compounds were synthesized by taking advantage of the Martin ligand. Their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. Pentacoordinate thiasiliranides were hydrolyzed to give the corresponding thiol. Pentacoordinate chalcogenaphosphiranes were found to have polar P-chalcogen bonds, which were confirmed by their reactions with CF3SO3Me to give the corresponding 1-（methylchalcogena）alkylphosphonium triflates and by the solvent-dependent NMR studies.

关键词： Martin ligand P-chalcogen bond three-membered ring compound

Changes over time in treatment for obstructive jaundice

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第10期16卷 3074-3077页

作者： Hideki aoki Department of Surgery National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical CenterIwakuni 740-8510YamaguchiJapan

This editorial discusses an article by Peng et *** study reviewed the efficacy and safety of a new approach for treating obstructive *** the pathophysiology of obstructive jaundice has not yet been fully elucidated,pro-gress has been made in its *** are two aspects of obstructive jaundice:Cholestatic status and absence of bile in the intestinal *** biliary drainage resolved both the ***,endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage(ERBD)has replaced percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage,and ERBD is transitioning to endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary *** editorial briefly explains the mechanism and treatment of obstructive jaundice and the prospects of this new internal biliary drainage technique.

关键词： Obstructive jaundice Intestinal permeability Biliary drainage Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage Endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary drainage

Identification of CO_2 disposal locations in an ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第1期28卷 15-24页

作者： XU Yongfu aoki Shigeaki HARADA Koh State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundal7 Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistl＇y Institute of Atmos- pheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Institute for Environmental Management Technology National Institute for kdvanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuha lbaraki 305-8569 Japan

A basin-wide ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific is used to identify which location is more efficient for ocean CO2 sequestration in the North *** injection depths at each one of fifteen locations are *** terms of effectiveness index（EI） and escape factor（EF）,it is clear that the effectiveness increases with increasing latitude at the end of the 50 a injection ***-by-site differences in the EI can be over 9% for the 1 000 m injection depth in the western North Pacific at the end of 50 a of continuous *** difference is much larger for the 500 m *** difference decreases with increasing injection ***,the site-by-site difference is small for the injection in the eastern North *** sequestration is more efficient for the injection in the east than in the *** the 500 m injection depth,the difference in effectiveness between the west and the east is over 10% at the end of 50 a injection *** largest concentration of sequestered CO2 increases with increasing injection *** the injection in both the western and central North Pacific,the largest exchange flux always appears to be at about 42°N,150°E,whereas for the injection in the eastern area the large flux appears to be in the equatorial region（120°W）.

关键词： ocean carbon disposal north Pacific Ocean numerical modelling sequestration

Role of the first mitosis in the remodeling of the parental genomes in mouse embryos

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Cell Research 2005年第2期15卷 127-132页

作者： Kentaro T.HARA,Fugaku aoki Department of Integrated Biosciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8571 Japan Department of Integrated Biosciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8571 Japan

Although male and female pronuclei reside in the same zygotic cytoplasm, they differ in many respects, such asvolume and transcriptional activity. The aim of this study is to investigate whether these differences are lost during thefirst mitosis. For this purpose, a new method was developed to inhibit the mixing of two parental chromosomes duringmitosis, thus to induce the formation of two nuclei after they exit from the mitotic phase. In this method, one-cellembryos are arrested at metaphase by treatment with nocodazole, and whn exitting from the mitotic phase, two nucleiwere formed in a single karyocyte following treatment with 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). These embryos weredesignated as post-mitotic embryos (PM-embryos), in which the two nuclei were derived from the male and femalegenomes. We found that in the control one-cell embryos that had not been treated with the reagents, the volume of themale pronucleus was about 1.65-fold greater than that of the female pronucleus, whereas the volumes of the two nucleiin the PM-embryos were similar (volume ratio of 1.01). Although a two-fold difference in transcriptional activity wasdetected between the male and female pronuclei in the control embryos, no difference in transcriptional activity wasdetected between the two nuclei of PM-embryos. The ratio of transcriptional activity in the nucleus derived from thepaternal genome to that from the maternal genome was 1.02, for which no significant difference was detected by the χ2fitness test. Therefore, the volumes and transcriptional activities of the male and female nuclei were approximately equalin PM-embryos, which suggests that the asymmetries of pronuclear volume and transcriptional activity between maleand female genomes are somehow losted during the first mitosis.

关键词： mouse zygote parental genomes nuclear volume transcriptional activity.

Prostaglandin E2-EP4 signaling persistently amplifies CD40-mediated induction of IL-23 p19 expression through canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第2期13卷 240-250页

作者： Xiaojun Ma romohiro aoki Shuh Narumiya Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Medical Innovation Center Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto 606-8507 Japan Center for Innovation in Immunoregulation Technology and Therapeutics Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

While there is mounting evidence that interleukin （IL）-23-IL-17 axis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, much remains to be elucidated on how IL-23 is induced in the pathological processes. IL-23 is a heterodimer composed of p19 and p40, the latter being shared with IL-12. We previously reported that prostaglandin （PG） E2 promotes CD40-mediated induction of 1123a （p19） expression through its E receptor subtype 4 （EP4） receptor in splenic dendritic cells （DCs）. Here, we have analyzed signaling pathways regulating 1123a induction in the cross talk between EP4 and CD40 in bone marrow-derived DCs. We found that PGE2 synergistically induced 1123a transcription with CD40 signaling. An EP4 agonist, but not agonists of EP1, EP2, or EP3, reproduced this action. Stimulation of CD40 with an agonist antibody evoked biphasic induction of 1123a expression, with the early phase peaking at 1 h and the late phase peaking at 12 h and lasting up to 36 h after stimulation, whereas induction by lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor-α was transient. The early phase induction by CD40 stimulation was absent in DCs derived from Nfkbl-deficient mice, and the late phase induction was eliminated by RNA interference of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） p100 subunit. Further, cAMP response element-binding protein （CREB） depletion completely eliminated the induction of 1123a by CD40 stimulation. The addition of the EP4 agonist amplified the induction in both phases through the cAMP-protein kinase A （PKA） pathway. These results suggest that 1123a expression in DCs is synergistically triggered by the PG E2-EP4-cAMP-PKA pathway and canonical/non-canonical NF-KB pathways and CREB activated by CD40 stimulation.

关键词： dendritic cell IL-23 p19 prostaglandin E2 EP4

Measurement of modulation induced by interaction between bubble motion and liquid-phase motion in the decaying turbulence formed by an oscillating-grid

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Particuology 2013年第2期11卷 158-169页

作者： Yasuyuki Nagami takayuki Saito Graduate School of Engineering Shizuoka University Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka University

In multiphase flows, dynamical gas-liquid interactions are essential for in-depth understanding of their multi-scale phenomena and complicated structures. The purpose of the present study is to clearly extract the modulation in bubble motion and liquid motion induced by bubble-liquid interaction and to discuss the relations between bubble motion and liquid-phase motion. For this particular purpose, the decaying turbulence formed in a cylindrical acrylic pipe （diameter 149 mm, height 600 mm） by using an oscillating- grid was employed. Uniform single bubbles were launched from an in-house bubble launching device into the decaying turbulence. By comparing the bubble motion in the stagnant water with that in the oscillating-grid decaying turbulence, the transition of the 2D bubble motion （i.e., zigzagging motion） to 3D motion was enhanced in the latter. In addition, the initial conditions of the bubble motion that was not influenced by the ambient turbulence were carefully confirmed. In the area where the bubble motion started to translate from 2D motion into 3D motion, the modulation of ambient liquid-phase motion was obtained by PIV/LIF measurement. By combining these results, we quantitatively discussed the modulation of the bubble motion and ambient liquid-phase motion and considered the dominant factor for the enhancement to be the bubble-liquid interaction.

关键词： Multiphase flow Gas-liquid interaction Oscillating-grid decaying turbulence Bubble PIV/LIF LIF/HPTS

Steroid-sparing strategies in the management of ulcerative colitis:Efficacy of leukocytapheresis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第41期18卷 5833-5838页

作者： Manabu Shiraki takayuki Yamamoto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Yokkaichi Social Insurance Hospital Yokkaichi Mie 510-0016 Japan

Active ulcerative colitis （UC） is frequently associated with infiltration of a large number of leukocytes into the bowel mucosa. Leukocytapheresis is a novel nonphar- macologic approach for active UC, in which leukocytes are mechanically removed from the circulatory system. Current data indicate that leukocytapheresis is effica- cious in improving response and remission rates with excellent tolerability and safety in patients with UC. Corticosteroid therapy remains a mainstay in the treat- ment of active UC, however, long-term, high doses of corticosteroids usually produce predictable and po- tentially serious side effects. If leukocytapheresis can spare patients from exposure to corticosteroids, the risk of steroid-induced adverse events should be mini- mized. This may be of great benefit to patients because severe side effects of steroids seriously impair health- related quality of life. In this article, we reviewed cur- rent evidence on whether leukocytapheresis can avoid or reduce the use of corticosteroids in the manage- ment of patients with UC. Several studies have shown that leukocytapheresis was effective for steroid-nafve patients with active UC. Furthermore, both short-term and long-term studies have demonstrated the steroid- sparing effects of leukocytapheresis therapy in patients with UC. Although the evidence level is not striking, theavailable data suggest that leukocytapheresis can avoid or reduce the use of corticosteroids in the management of UC. Large, well-designed clinical trials are necessary to more accurately evaluate the steroid-sparing effects of leukocytapheresis in the management of UC.

关键词： Corticosteroid Granulocyte and monocyteadsorptive apheresis Leukocytapheresis Steroid-naivepatients Steroid-sparing effect Ulcerative colitis