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Electrochemical behavior of [UO_2Cl_4]^(2-) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids

Science China Chemistry 2012年第9期55卷 1699-1704页

作者： OGURA Toshinari SASAKI Kotoe takao koichiro ARAI Tsuyoshi IKEDA Yasuhisa Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors Tokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-N1-34 O-okayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan Department of Materials Science Shibaura Institute of Technology3-7-5 ToyosuKoto-kuTokyo 135-8548Japan Department of Materials and Life Science Seikei University3-3-1 Kichijoji-KitamachiMusashino-shiTokyo 180-8633Japan

In order to examine the chemical form of uranyl species in l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium （EMI） based ionic liquids, UV-visible absorption spectra of solutions prepared by dissolving [EMI]2[UO2CI4] into a mixture of EMICI and EMIBF4 （50：50 tool%） were measured. As a result, it was confirmed that uranyl species in the mixture of EMICI and EMIBF4 existed as [UO2C14]2-. Cyclic voltammograms （CVs） of [UO2CI4]2- in the mixture were measured at 25 ~C using a Pt working electrode, a Pt wire counter electrode, and an Ag/Ag＋ reference electrode （0.01 M AgNO3, 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate in acetonitrile） in a glove box under an Ar atmosphere. Peaks corresponding to one redox couple were observed around -1.05 V （Epc） and -0.92 V （Epa） vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium ion （Fc/Fc＋）. The potential differences between two peaks （AEp） increased from 101 to 152 mV with an increase in the scan rate from 50 to 300 mV s-1, while the （Epc ＋ Epa）/2 value was constant, -0.989 V vs. Fc/Fc＋ regardless of the scan rate. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficient of [UO2C14]2 and the standard rate constant were es- timated to be 3.7× 10^-8 cm^2 s 1 and （2.7-2,8） × 10^-4 cm s-! at 25 ℃. By using the diffusion coefficient and the standard rate constant, the simulation of CVs was performed based on the reaction, [UO2C14]2- ＋ e- = [UO2C14]3-. The simulated CVs were found to be consistent with the experimental ones. From these results, it is concluded that [UO2C14]2- in the mixture of EMIC1 and EMIBF4 is reduced to [UO2C14]3- quasi-reversibly at -0.989 V vs. Fc/Fc＋.

关键词： uranyl chloride ionic liquids electrochemistry cyclic voltammetry

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A force measurement platform for a vitreoretinal surgical simulator using an artificial eye module integrated with a quartz crystal resonator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第4期8卷 137-149页

作者： Yuta Taniguchi Hirotaka Sugiura Toshiro Yamanaka Shiro Watanabe Seiji Omata Kanako Harada Mamoru Mitsuishi Tomoyasu Shiraya koichiro Sugimoto Takashi Ueta Kiyohito Totsuka Fumiyuki Araki Muneyuki takao Makoto Aihara Fumihito Arai Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8656Japan Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto-shiKumamoto 860-8555Japan Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine The University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Department of Ophthalmology The University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8655Japan

To provide quantitative feedback on surgical progress to ophthalmologists practicing inner limiting membrane(ILM)peeling,we developed an artificial eye module comprising a quartz crystal resonator(QCR)force sensor and a strain body that serves as a uniform force transmitter beneath a retinal *** a sufficiently large initial force must be loaded onto the QCR force sensor assembly to achieve stable contact with the strain body,the highly sensitive and wide dynamic-range property of this sensor enables the eye module to detect the slight forceps contact force.A parallel-plate strain body is used to achieve a uniform force sensitivity over the 4-mm-diameter ILM peeling *** these two components allowed for a measurable force range of 0.22 mN to 29.6 N with a sensitivity error within−11.3 to 4.2%over the ILM peeling *** this eye module,we measured the applied force during a simulation involving artificial ILM peeling by an untrained individual and compensated for the long-term drift of the obtained force data using a newly developed *** compensated force data clearly captured the characteristics of several types of motion sequences observed from video recordings of the eye bottom using an ophthalmological *** a result,we succeeded in extracting feature values that can be potentially related to trainee skill level,such as the mean and standard deviation of the pushing and peeling forces,corresponding,in the case of an untrained operator,to 122.6±95.2 and 20.4±13.2 mN,respectively.

关键词： artificial quartz resonator

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Oxalic acid in ginger specifically denatures the acrid raphides in the unprocessed dried tuber of Pinellia ternata

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Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine 2022年第1期2卷 33-40页

作者： Tsukasa Fueki Itsuki Nose Yan Liu koichiro Tanaka takao Namiki Toshiaki Makino Matsuya Pharmacy NiigataJapan Department of Pharmacognosy Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan Department of Traditional Medicine Toho University School of MedicineTokyoJapan Department of Japanese-Oriental(Kampo)Medicine Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan

Objective:Pinellia Tuber,the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata,is widely used in Japanese Kampo medicines and traditional Chinese *** unprocessed Pinellia Tuber is known to cause very strong acrid irritation at oral and laryngopharynx *** studies have shown that the sharp needle-like crystals called raphides,that are composed of calcium oxalate and proteins,are the main causative substances of the ***,the rhizome of Zingiber officinale,has been used in the processing to reduce the acridity of Pinellia Tuber since before the sixth century,however,the mechanisms of reducing acridity have not been scientifically proved ***:We developed the raphides denaturation assay(RDA)to quantify the degree of denaturation in the raphides to cause *** their lipophilic characters,the raphides could be extracted in petroleum ether(PE)layer from powdered Pinellia Tuber suspended in water,and the contents of the raphides in PE layer were measured by the *** this assay,we conducted the activity-guided fractionation from the boiling water extract of ginger to find the ingredients to denature the *** also conducted the gustatory tests to detect the change of the irritation of the denatured ***:The treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with ginger extract reduced the distribution of raphides in PE layer in RDA in a concentration-dependent *** activity-guided fractionation using RDA revealed that oxalic acid was the main active ingredient in ginger extract to denature the raphides of Pinellia *** acid reduced the lipophilicity of the raphides in the thermo-,time-,and concentration-dependent manners,and its activity was affected by *** treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with oxalic acid significantly reduced its acrid irritation in gustatory test in ***:We found that oxalic acid is the main active ingredient in ginger to reduce the acrid irritation of Pinell

关键词： Acridity Ginger Pinellia ternata Pinellia Tuber Processing Raphide

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α-淀粉和甘草甜素在半夏传统炮制中对刺激性针晶的变性作用

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Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine 2023年第1期3卷 38-45页

作者：笛木司能瀬逸紀刘艳田中耕一郎並木隆雄牧野利明松屋药局新潟日本名古屋市立大学大学院药学研究科愛知日本東邦大学医学部漢方医学東京日本千葉大学医学部漢方医学千葉日本

目的:生半夏,植物半夏的干燥块茎,当以生的形式吞食时,会对口腔和喉咙造成严重的辛辣刺激。根据中医理论,通过加热或使用生姜、甘草、明矾或石灰进行处理后可以减轻这种辛辣感。尽管这些解毒方法自古为人所知,但人们对其解毒半夏块茎的... 详细信息

目的:生半夏,植物半夏的干燥块茎,当以生的形式吞食时,会对口腔和喉咙造成严重的辛辣刺激。根据中医理论,通过加热或使用生姜、甘草、明矾或石灰进行处理后可以减轻这种辛辣感。尽管这些解毒方法自古为人所知,但人们对其解毒半夏块茎的机制知之甚少。在本研究中,我们旨在揭示α-淀粉和甘草中的甘草甜素对半夏块茎解毒的有效性。方法:之前,我们发现生半夏的完整针晶具有亲脂性,而针晶变性会降低其亲油性和辛辣性。因此,我们开发了一种针晶变性测定方法(RDA),通过测量包含针晶石油醚(PE)层的吸光度来量化针晶的变性程度。然后使用该测定法测定α-淀粉或甘草(植物甘草的根和匍匐茎)煎剂对针晶变性的影响。结果:α-淀粉处理针晶显著增强了针晶的热变性。甘草煎剂、甘草酸和甘草次酸在高pH值下以钙依赖的方式显著变性针晶。甘草酸和甘草次酸也附着在变性针晶上。结论:半夏块茎中的α-淀粉在加热后有助于解毒。在传统的用甘草和石灰炮制半夏块茎的方法中,甘草中的甘草酸和钙离子对针晶的变性起着重要作用。

关键词：半夏针晶炮制 α-淀粉甘草次酸

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