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Different natural courses of chronic hepatitis B with genotypes B and C after the fourth decade of life

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第34期13卷 4560-4565页

作者： Tatsuji Maeshiro Shingo Arakaki takako watanabe Hajime Aoyama Joji Shiroma Tsuyoshi Yamashiro Tetsuo Hirata Akira Hokama Fukunori Kinjo Tomofumi Nakayoshi Tomokuni Nakayoshi Masashi Mizokami Jiro Fujita Hiroshi Sakugawa Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease (First Department of Internal Medicine) Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan Department of Blood transfusion medicine Ryukyu University Hospital Okinawa Japan Department of Endoscopy Ryukyu University Hospital Okinawa Japan Department of Internal Medicine Tomishiro Central Hospital Okinawa Japan Department of Internal Medicine Heart Life Hospital Okinawa Japan Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science Nagoya Japan

MIM： To investigate the different impact of genotypes E and C on the development of liver cirrhosis （LC） among different age groups of patients with chronic hepatitis （CH-B）.METHODS： We examined the outcome of 121 patients with CH-B, divided by age and genotype. Univariate analyses were used to compare different groups. The Cox proportional hazard model was employed to evaluate factors affecting the development of LC.RESULTS： In patients 〈 30 years old, there were no significant predictors for development of LC. However, in patients ≥ 30 years old, genotype C was the only significant predictor. In the genotype C group, 8 of 12 patients who progressed to LC were 30-49 years old at initial diagnosis of chronic hepatitis （7 patients were positive for HBeAg）. In the genotype B group, 4 of 8 patients who developed LC were ≥50 years old at initial diagnosis and were HBeAg-negative.CONCLUSION： The rate of development of LC was comparable in patients infected with genotypes B and C when CH-B occurred at 〈 30 years old. However, CH-B patients infected with genotype C showed poor prognosis if they were 30-49 years old and were positive for HBeAg. Age-specific natural course of CH-B should be considered when patients with CH-B are treated with antiviral drugs.

关键词： Hepatitis B, chronic Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B e antigen Genotypes Molecular epidemiology

Effect of educational intervention on attitudes toward the concept of criminal responsibility

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第4期7卷 197-206页

作者： Akihiro Shiina Tomihisa Niitsu Aiko Sato Soichiro Omiya takako Nagata Aika Tomoto Hiroyuki watanabe Yoshito Igarashi Masaomi Iyo Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health Department of Psychiatry Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Social Psychiatry and Mental Health Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare Division of Law and Psy-chiatry Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health

AIM To evaluate the effect of educational intervention on individuals' knowledge of and attitudes toward forensic mental *** We conducted a questionnaire regarding attitudes toward various ideas about forensic mental health. The respondents attended a 1-h seminar regarding forensic mental health after answering the questionnaire. On completion of the seminar, the respondents answered another questionnaire containing many of the same questions as contained in the pre-seminar *** A total of 86 individuals attended the seminar, and 78 responded to the questionnaire. Only 13(18.8%) participants were supportive of the concept of criminal responsibility initially, and there was a statistically significant increase in those who became more supportive after the seminar, with 22(33%) being supportive after the seminar(Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that participants who were skeptical about forensic mental systems and those with fewer opportunities to see media reports regarding psychiatry were likely to become supportive of criminal responsibility after the *** These results suggest that public attitudes toward criminal responsibility and mental health can be influenced via educational interventions.

关键词： Forensic psychiatry Criminal responsibility Psychiatry,Law and Ethics Public policy Education in psychiatry Anti-stigma in psychiatry

Induction of ischemic tolerance in rat liver via reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in Kupffer cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第38期13卷 5071-5078页

作者： Kazuaki Tejima Masahiro Arai Hitoshi Ikeda Tomoaki Tomiya Mikio Yanase Yukiko Inoue takako Nishikawa Naoko watanabe Natsuko Ohtomo Masao Omata Kenji Fujiwara Department of Gastroenterology University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8655 Japan Department of Gastroenterology Toshiba General Hospital 6-3-22 Higashiooi Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 140-8522 Japan Yokohama Rosai Hospital 3211 Kozukue-cho Kouhoku-ku Yokohama-shi Kanagawa 222-0036 Japan

AIM: To elucidate the mechanisms of hepatocyte preconditioning by H2O2 to better understand the pathophysiology of ischemic preconditioning. METHODS: The in vitro effect of H2O2 pretreatment was investigated in rat isolated hepatocytes subjected to anoxia/reoxygenation. Cell viability was assessed with propidium iodide fluorometry. In other experiments, rat livers were excised and subjected to warm ischemia/ reperfusion in an isolated perfused liver system to determine leakage of liver enzymes. Preconditioning was performed by H2O2 perfusion, or by stopping the perfusion for 10 min followed by 10 min of reperfusion. To inhibit Kupffer cell function or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, gadolinium chloride was injected prior to liver excision, or diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, was added to the perfusate, respectively. Histological detection of oxygen radical formation in Kupffer cells was performed by perfusion with nitro blue tetrazolium. RESULTS: Anoxia/reoxygenation decreased hepatocyte viability compared to the controls. Pretreatment with H2O2 did not improve such hepatocyte injury. In liver perfusion experiments, however, H2O2 preconditioning reduced warm ischemia/reperfusion injury, which wasreversed by inhibition of Kupffer cell function or NADPH oxidase. Histological examination revealed that H2O2 preconditioning induced oxygen radical formation in Kupffer cells. NADPH oxidase inhibition also reversed hepatoprotection by ischemic preconditioning. CONCLUSION: H2O2 preconditioning protects hepato- cytes against warm ischemia/reperfusion injury via NADPH oxidase in Kupffer cells, and not directly. NADPH oxidase also mediates hepatoprotection by ischemic preconditioning.

关键词： Diphenyieneiodonium chioride Ischemia/ reperfusion injury Ischemic preconditioning Liver transplantation Oxygen radicals

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时尚大众引以自傲的狗宝宝

国际服装技术 2007年第3期 188-191页

作者： takako Kurihara cola-chen（翻译） GIRAFFE（摄影） Masaki Sone（摄影） Hidyuki watanabe（摄影） Shoko Oyama（摄影）

现在，视狗狗为“家为”多过“宠物”的人越来越多，“自满于糊涂父母形象的糊涂父母”也在急剧增长中！对于我们狗狗的爱怎样都不下来。现在就去看一下时尚大众们的“世界上最可爱的我们的狗狗们”吧！

关键词：狗宝大众时尚父母宠物

The efficacy of ma-huang-tang (maoto) against influenza

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Health 2011年第5期3卷 300-303页

作者： Mizue Saita Toshio Naito Soushin Boku Yukiko watanabe Mai Suzuki Fukuko Oka Miki Takahashi takako Sakurai Eiichiro Sogihara Tomomi Haniu Yuki Uehara Kazunori Mitsuhashi Hiroshi Fukuda Hiroshi Isonuma Keiko Lee Hiroyuki Kobayashi 不详

In this study, we compared Ma Huang Tang (maoto), a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo), with antiviral drugs to evaluate their respective and combined effect on the duration of fever and other subjective symptoms of influenza. Forty-five patients enrolled in this randomized control trial had positive type A influenza on rapid influenza antigen test, provided written consent, and sought treatment at Juntendo University Hospital between November 2008 and March 2009. Using a computer-gen- erated list, patients were randomly assigned to one of the four intervention groups: 1): maoto (TJ-27), 9 subjects;2): Tamiflu (oseltamivir), 13 subjects;3): Relenza (zanamivir), 6 subjects;and 4): maoto/oseltamivir combination, 9 subjects. Six outcome measures were evaluated, including fever, myalgia, headache, arthralgia, fatigue, and cough. Statistical differences were determined by the Bonferroni-adjusted t-test for multiple comparisons. Our results showed that there were no significant differences among the four groups in the time-course profile of fever and the number of days until fever resolution since treatment was initiated. In addition, no significant intergroup differences were detected in the number of days until resolution of myalgia, headache, fatigue, and cough. However, the maoto group reported a more rapid improvement in joint pain than the oseltamivir group (P = 0.01). In conclusion, maoto showed comparable efficacy as antiviral medications in reducing fever and influenza symptoms. As serious concerns over the indiscriminate use, adverse reactions, and resistance to current antiviral drugs continue to grow, maoto may serve as an elegant option for the treatment of influenza.

关键词： Ma Huang Tang (Maoto) Influenza Joint Pain Oseltamivir and Zanamivir

The efficacy of ma-huang-tang (maoto) against influenza

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