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Novel strategies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Selective inhibition of cytokines and adhesion molecules

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4628-4635页

作者： Kazuhiko Nakamura Kuniomi Honda takahiro Mizutani Hirotada Akiho Naohiko Harada Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu UniversityFukuoka 812-8582Japan Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center Koga 811-3195 Japan

The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） has not yet been clarified and immunosuppressive agents which non-specifically reduce inflammation and immunity have been used in the conventional therapies for IBD. Evidence indicates that a dysregulation of mucosal immunity in the gut of IBD causes an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and trafficking of effector leukocytes into the bowel, thus leading to an uncontrolled intestinal inflammation. Such recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD created a recent trend of novel biological therapies which specifically inhibit the molecules involved in the inflammatory cascade. Major targets for such treatment are inflammatory cytokines and their receptors, and adhesion molecules. A chimeric anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody, infiiximab, has become a standard therapy for CD and it is also likely to be beneficial for UC. Several anti-TNF reagents have been developed but most of them seem to not be as efficacious as infliximab. A humanized anti-TNF monoclonal antibody, adalimumab may be useful for the treatment of patients who lost responsiveness or developed intolerance to infliximab. Antibodies against IL-12 p40 and IL-6 receptor could be alternative new anti-cytokine therapies for IBD. Antiinterferon-γ and anti-CD25 therapies were developed, but the benefit of these agents has not yet been established. The selective blocking of migration of leukocytes into intestine seems to be a nice approach. Antibodies against α4 integrin and α4β7 integrin showed benefit for IBD. Antisense oligonucleotide of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 （ICAM-1） may be efficacious for IBD. Clinical trials of such compounds have been either recently reported or are currently underway. In this article, we review the efficacy and safety of such novel biological therapies for IBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Cytokine Adhesion molecule Treatment

Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the colon at early stage: A case report and a review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第21期12卷 3446-3449页

作者： Kuang-I Fu Yasushi Sano Shigeharu Kato Hiroki Saito Atsushi Ochiai takahiro Fujimori Yutaka Saito Takahisa Matsuda takahiro Fujii Shigeaki Yoshida Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive Endoscopy National Cancer Center Hospital East KashiwaChiba 277-8577Japan Department of Surgical and Molecular PathologyDokkyo University School of Medicine880 KitakobaysashiMibuShimotugaTochigi 321-0293Japan Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive Endoscopy National Cancer Center Hospital East KashiwaChiba 277-8577Japan Division of Pathology National Cancer Center East Research Institute Chiba 277-8577Japan Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology Dokkyo University School of Medicine 880 KitakobaysashiMibuShimotugaTochigi 321-0293Japan Division of Endoscopy National Cancer Center Hospital TsukijiTokyo 104-0045Japan

A 67-year-old man, who had undergone surgery to resect multiple gastric cancers 4 years ago, visited our hospital for surveillance colonoscopy. Colonoscopy revealed a discolored, 7-mm in diameter, flat-elevated lesion with central depression in the transverse colon near the splenic flexure. Although the findings of endoscopy and barium enema were suggestive of submucosal invasion, the patient chose to undergo endoscopic mucosal resection. Pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed signet-ring cell carcinoma and a positive surgical margin. A second operation was performed, and no residual tumor or metastasis to lymph nodes was found in the resected specimens. Primary colorectal cancers composed of signet-ring cell carcinoma detected and treated at an early stage are extremely rare. We present a case and review the literature.

关键词： Signet-ring cell carcinoma Early colorectal cancer Endoscopic mucosal resection

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder carcinoma with a false-positive result on fluorodeoxyglucose PET

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第29期15卷 3691-3693页

作者： Isamu Makino takahiro Yamaguchi Nariatsu Sato Toshiaki Yasui Ichiro Kita Department of Surgery Kanazawa Social Insurance Hospital Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-8610 Japan

Recently, several reports have demonstrated that fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography （FDG-PET） is useful in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions in the gallbladder. However, there is a limitation in the ability of FDG-PET to differentiate between inflammatory and malignant lesions. We herein present a case of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis misdiagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma by ultrasonography and computed tomography. FDG-PET also showed increased activity. In this case, FDG-PET findings resulted in a false-positive for the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma.

关键词： Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 Positron-emissiontomography Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis Gallbladder cancer

Hepatitis B virus pathogenesis: Fresh insights into hepatitis B virus RNA

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第21期24卷 2261-2268页

作者： Kazuma Sekiba Motoyuki Otsuka Motoko Ohno Mari Yamagami takahiro Kishikawa Tatsunori Suzuki Rei Ishibashi takahiro Seimiya Eri Tanaka Kazuhiko Koike Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of MedicineThe University of Tokyo

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) is still a worldwide health concern. While divergent factors are involved in its pathogenesis, it is now clear that HBV RNAs, principally templates for viral proteins and viral DNAs, have diverse biological functions involved in HBV pathogenesis. These functions include viral replication, hepatic fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Depending on the sequence similarities, HBV RNAs may act as sponges for host mi RNAs and may deregulate mi RNA functions, possibly leading to pathological consequences. Some parts of the HBV RNA molecule may function as viralderived mi RNA, which regulates viral replication. HBV DNA can integrate into the host genomic DNA and produce novel viral-host fusion RNA, which may have pathological functions. To date, elimination of HBVderived covalently closed circular DNA has not been achieved. However, RNA transcription silencing may be an alternative practical approach to treat HBVinduced pathogenesis. A full understanding of HBV RNA transcription and the biological functions of HBV RNA may open a new avenue for the development of novel HBV therapeutics.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B virus RNA MicroRNA Smc5/6 Viral replication Hepatic fibrosis Genome integration Hepatocellular carcinoma

Control of Snow Falling Flow around NACA0015 Blade using a Plasma Electrode with Weather Resistant Design

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第1期31卷 72-81页

作者： MATSUDA Hisashi CHIBA takahiro YAGAMI Masaki TAJIMA Yusuke WATANABE Nobuyoshi SATO Hideaki TAKEYAMA Masafumi Hokkaido University of Science Hokkaido 006-8585Japan Asahi Rubber Inc. Saitama 330-0801Japan

The plasma actuation (PA) effect on the snow falling flow was investigated using a plasma electrode with weather resistant design and the natural snow wind facility of the Hokkaido University of Science. NACA0015 test blade with chord length c of 300 mm was used. Wind tunnel tests were carried out under the angle of the attack of the blade was fixed at 15 degrees, and the main flow velocity is U=5 m/s. PIV (Particle image velocimetry) measurements were conducted on various PA conditions using natural dry snowflakes as a tracer. When the actuator was driven under the condition of the fundamental frequency of F=50 kHz, and the pulsed modulated frequency f of fc/U=1 and Duty ratio (Ratio of plasma ON time to pulse duration time) =1%, movement of snowflakes was controlled the most effectively tested. It was clarified that the fundamental frequency of PA also affects the control of snow flow. Under snowfall conditions, the weather resistant designed plasma electrode has suffered no damage and operated successfully.

关键词： plasma actuator weather resistant design snow falling flow control experiment PIV

Role of ultrasound in the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases:case series and narrative review

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第1期19卷 20-34页

作者： takahiro Hosokawa Yutaka Tanami Yumiko Sato Kuntaro Deguchi Haruka Takei Eiji Oguma Department of Radiology Saitama Children's Medical Center1-2 Shintoshin Chuo-kuSaitama 330-8777Japan Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Saitama Children's Medical CenterSaitamaJapan

Background Infectious diseases are common in pediatric *** these patients,ultrasound is a useful imaging modality that involves no irradiation or sedation and can be performed repeatedly at the patient's *** purpose of this review was to show pediatric cases with infectious disease that used ultrasound to decide the methods of *** sources Literature review was performed using Pubmed as the medical database *** year-of-publication restric-tion was *** mesh terms used were:"ultrasound","sonography","infectious disease","treatment","antibiotics","surgical intervention","pediatric","children","deep neck abscess","pyothorax","empyema","pneumonia","urinary tract infection","intra-abdominal abscess","soft tissue infection","septic arthritis","osteomyelitis",and"surgical site infection".Results We presented pediatric case series with infectious diseases,including deep neck abscess,pyothorax and empyema,pneumonia,urinary tract infection,intra-abdominal abscess,soft tissue infection,septic arthritis and osteomyelitis,and surgical-site *** was useful for evaluating the extent and location of inflammation and abscess and for decision-making concerning surgical *** Knowledge of these sonographic findings is important for sonographers during examinations and for physicians when determining the treatment plan and period of antibiotic therapy for infected lesions.

关键词： Infectious diseases Intra-abdominal abscess Osteomyelitis Pyothorax Ultrasound

Ornithine decarboxylase, mitogen-activated protein kinase and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expressions in human colon tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第20期11卷 3065-3069页

作者： takahiro Nemoto Shunichiro Kubota Hideyuki Ishida Nobuo Murata Daijo Hashimoto Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033 Japan Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033 Japan Department of Life Sciences Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 KomabaMeguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan Department of Surgery Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical School 1981 Tsujido-machi Kamoda Kawagoe City Saitama 350-8550 Japan

AIM: To investigate the expressions of omithine decarboxylase (ODC), MMP-2, and Erk, and their relationship in human colon ***: ODC activity, MMP-2 expression, and mitogenactivated protein (MAP) kinase activity (Erk phosphorylation) were determined in 58 surgically removed human colon tumors and their adjacent normal tissues, using [1-14C]-ornithine as a substrate, ELISA assay, and Western blotting, ***: ODC activity, MMP-2 expression, and Erk phosphorylation were significantly elevated in colon tumors, compared to those in adjacent normal tissues. A significant correlation was observed between ODC activities and MMP-2 ***: This is the first report showing a significant correlation between ODC activities and MMP-2 levels in human colon tumors. As MMP-2 is involved in cancer invasion and metastasis, and colon cancer overexpresses ODC, suppression of ODC expression may be a rational approach to treat colon cancer which overexpresses ODC.

关键词： Ornithine decarboxylase Human colon tumors mitogen activated protein

Greenhouse gas reduction of co-benefit-type wastewater treatment system for fish-processing industry: A real-scale case study in Indonesia

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第3期16卷 271-279页

作者： Yoshiteru Hamatani takahiro Watari Masashi Hatamoto Takashi Yamaguchi Tjandra Setiadi Toshihiko Konda Nihon Suido Consultants Co. LtdTokyo 163-1122Japan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nagaoka University of TechnologyNiigata 940-2188Japan Department of Chemical Engineering Hanoi University of Science and TechnologyHanoi 11615Vietnam Department of Science of Technology Innovation Nagaoka University of TechnologyNiigata 940-2188Japan Department of Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi BandungJl.Ganesa 10Bandung 40132Indonesia

This study examined the application of co-benefit-type wastewater treatment technology in the fish-processing industry. Given that there was a dearth of information on fish-processing industrial wastewater in Indonesia, site surveys were conducted. For the entire fish-processing industry throughout the country, the dissemination rate of wastewater treatment facilities was less than 50%. Using a co-benefit approach, a real-scale swim-bed technology (SBT) and a system combining an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) with SBT (ABR–SBT) were installed in a fishmeal processing factory in Bali, Indonesia, and the wastewater system process performance was evaluated. In a business-as-usual scenario, the estimated chemical oxygen demand load and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater from the Indonesian fish-processing industry were 33 000 tons per year and 220 000 tons of equivalent CO_(2) per year, respectively. On the other hand, the GHG emissions in the co-benefit scenarios of the SBT system and ABR–SBT system were 98 149 and 26 720 tons per year, respectively. Therefore, introducing co-benefit-type wastewater treatment to Indonesia’s fish-processing industry would significantly reduce pollution loads and GHG emissions.

关键词： Indonesian fish-processing industry Co-benefit wastewater treatment Greenhouse gas emission mitigation Anaerobic baffled reactor Swim-bed technology

A dwarf bamboo(Pleioblastus chino) and winter browsing by Japanese hare(Lepus brachyurus) combine to limit establishment of transplanted native tree seedlings in an abandoned agricultural field

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第6期27卷 1287-1294页

作者： Yoshinori Tokuoka Kentaro Ohigashi Koji Watanabe Hiroshi Yamaguchi takahiro Ara Nobukazu Nakagoshi Biodiversity Division National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES) Ecosystem Informatics Division NIAES Experimental Farm Management Division NIAES Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation Hiroshima University

Natural forest recovery on abandoned farmland is hindered by a variety of factors and active restoration plays an important role when quick afforestation is desired. We investigated seedling survival of four transplanted native tree species （Quercus myrsinifolia, Quercus serrata, Aphananthe aspera, and Rhus sylvestris） by experimentally manipulating the vegetation cover, which was mainly dominated by dwarf bamboo （Pleioblastus chino）, and herbivore access to the planting sites on farmland that had been abandoned for 15 years at the start of the study. Few transplanted seedlings of any species survived under intact vegetation cover, irrespective of herbivore presence. In gaps in the vegetation cover, winter browsing by Japanese hare （Lepus brachyurus） damaged all species. However, lower browsing frequency and higher resprouting ability after grazing of the seedlings enabled both Quercus species to survive better than the other species. These results indicate that dwarf bamboo and the hare jointly limit the establishment of native trees in old fields. If active afforestation by transplanting seedlings at sites dominated by dwarf bamboo is planned, a combination of vegetation removal, selection of suitable species, and temporary seedling protection will be most effective.

关键词： Farmland abandonment Microsite limitation Monodominant dwarf bamboo Resprouting Seedling herbivory