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Chemoprevention of gastric cancer: current status

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Chinese Medical Journal 2003年第1期116卷 5-10页

作者： Harry Hua-Xiang Xia Benjamin Chun-Yu wong Shiu-Kum lam Department of Medicine Department of MedicineDepartment of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong SAR ChinaThe University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong SAR ChinaThe University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong SAR China

The development of gastric cancer is a multi-factor process. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors including smoking, low gastric acidity, excessive intake of salt or salty food and low consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables all contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Of particular interest, epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is causally linked to gastric cancer. Most studies using micronutrient supplementation have failed to demonstrate any preventive effect against the development of gastric cancer. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been consistently observed to protect against the development of gastric cancer. Recently, eradication of H. pylori infection by a chemopreventative approach is being studied in a number of trials. Studies using precancerous lesions as an end point of the treatment have produced conflicting and mostly negative results. Trials using cancer as an end point are being cautiously carried out in high-risk populations, and will provide the definitive answer to this important question. In the end, vaccination may be proven to be the optimal strategy in human for the management of H. pylori infection and prevention of gastric cancer.

关键词： chemoprevention gastric cancer Helicobacter pylori

Differing coping mechanisms, stress level and anorectal physiology in patients with functional constipation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第34期11卷 5362-5366页

作者： Annie OO Chan Cecilia Cheng Wai Mo Hui Wayne HC Hu Nina YH wong KF lam Wai Man wong Kam Chuen Lai Shiu Kum lam Benjamin CY wong Department of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Division of Social Science the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China Department of Medicine the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Statistics the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

AIM: To investigate coping mechanisms, constipation symptoms and anorectal physiology in 80 constipated subjects and 18 ***: Constipation was diagnosed by Rome Ⅱ *** ability and anxiety/depression were assessed by validated questionnaires. Transit time and balloon distension test were ***: 34.5% patients were classified as slow transit type of constipation. The total colonic transit time (56 h vs 10 h, P＜0.0001) and rectal sensation including urge sensation (79 mL vs 63 mL, P = 0.019) and maximum tolerable volume (110 mL vs95 mL, P = 0.03) differed in patients and controls. Constipated subjects had significantly higher anxiety and depression scores and lower SF-36 scores in all categories. They also demonstrated higher scores of'monitoring' coping strategy (14+6 vs9+3, P = 0.001),which correlated with the rectal distension sensation (P = 0.005), urge sensation (P=0.002), and maximum tolerable volume (P = 0.035). The less use of blunting strategy predicted slow transit constipation in both univariate (P = 0.01) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.03).CONCLUSION: Defective or ineffective use of coping strategies may be an important etiology in functional constipation and subsequently reflected in abnormal anorectal physiology.

关键词： Constipation Anorectal physiology Coping mechanism

Application of artifcial intelligence in cataract management:current and future directions

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Eye and Vision 2024年第1期10卷 21-30页

作者： Laura Gutierrez Jane Sujuan Lim Li Lian Foo Wei Yan Ng Michelle Yip Gilbert Yong San Lim Melissa Hsing Yi wong Allan Fong Mohamad Rosman Jodhbir Singth Mehta Haotian Lin Darren Shu Jeng Ting Daniel Shu Wei Ting Singapore Eye Research Institute SingaporeSingapore Singapore National Eye Center 11 Third Hospital AvenueSingapore 168751Singapore Academic Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yet Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

The rise of artifcial intelligence(AI)has brought breakthroughs in many areas of *** ophthalmology,AI has delivered robust results in the screening and detection of diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,glaucoma,and retinopathy of *** management is another feld that can beneft from greater AI *** is the leading cause of reversible visual impairment with a rising global clinical *** diagnosis,monitoring,and surgical management are necessary to address this *** addition,patients in large developing countries often sufer from limited access to tertiary care,a problem further exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 *** on the other hand,can help transform cataract management by improving automation,efcacy and overcoming geographical ***,AI can be applied as a telediagnostic platform to screen and diagnose patients with cataract using slit-lamp and fundus *** utilizes a deep-learning,convolutional neural network(CNN)to detect and classify referable cataracts ***,some of the latest intraocular lens formulas have used AI to enhance prediction accuracy,achieving superior postoperative refractive results compared to traditional ***,AI can be used to augment cataract surgical skill training by identifying diferent phases of cataract surgery on video and to optimize operating theater workfows by accurately predicting the duration of surgical ***,some AI CNN models are able to efectively predict the progression of posterior capsule opacifcation and eventual need for YAG laser *** advances in AI could transform cataract management and enable delivery of efcient ophthalmic *** key challenges include ethical management of data,ensuring data security and privacy,demonstrating clinically acceptable performance,improving the generalizability of AI models across heterogeneous populations,and improving the trust of e

关键词： Artifcial intelligence Telemedicine Cataract Cataract screening Cataract surgery IOL calculations Biometry Machine learning

Mothers’ health-related quality of life: Its relationship with children’s health-related quality of life and behavior in low-income families

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2016年第4期4卷 4-12页

作者： Rosa Sze Man wong Vivian Yawei Guo Patrick Ip Carlos King Ho wong Esther Yee tak Yu Colman Siu Cheung Fung Cindy Lo Kuen lam Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care The University of Hong KongAp Lei Chau ClinicAp Lei ChauHong KongChina Department ofPaediatrics and Adolescent Medicine TheUniversity of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina

Objective:To examine the association between mothers’health-related quality of life(HRQOL)and their children’s HRQOL and behavior in low-income ***:Mothers of 278 children aged 6-12 years from low-income families were invited to complete the Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 50(CHQ-PF50)and the Strength and Dif-ficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)for their children as well as the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey version 2(SF-12v2)and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2(PHQ-2).Multiple linear regressions with mother-child pairs as the unit of analysis were performed to examine the associations between maternal and child variables with adjustment of mother-and child-level ***:Compared with the general population,low-income mothers had a lower mean SF-12v2 mental component summary score and their children also had lower mean CHQ-PF50 physi-cal and psychosocial summary scores and SDQ total difficulties *** of mothers with SF-12v2 scores below the population mean of 50 had significantly worse CHQ-PF50 scores and higher SDQ total difficulties *** mother’s PHQ-2 depression status had no association with the child’s CHQ-PF50 ***:Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to reducing the negative impact of health problems on mothers’daily roles in childcare in low-income families.

关键词： Health-related quality of life child health child behavior low income

Intracellular signaling mechanisms regulating the activation of human eosinophils by the novel Th2 cytokine IL-33:implications for allergic inflammation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第1期7卷 26-34页

作者： Joyce YS Chow Chun K wong Phyllis FY Cheung Christopher WK lam Department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalShatinNTHong KongChina Macao Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health Macao University of Science and Technology FoundationMacaoChina

The novel interleukin(IL)-1 family cytokine IL-33 has been shown to activate T helper 2(Th2)lymphocytes,mast cells and basophils to produce an array of proinflammatory cytokines,as well as to mediate blood eosinophilia,IgE secretion and hypertrophy of airway epithelium in *** the present study,we characterized the activation of human eosinophils by IL-33,and investigated the underlying intracellular signaling ***-33 markedly enhanced eosinophil survival and upregulated cell surface expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1 on eosinophils,but it suppressed that of ICAM-3 and *** addition,IL-33 mediates significant release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the chemokines CXCL8 and *** found that IL33-mediated enhancement of survival,induction of adhesion molecules,and release of cytokines and chemokines were differentially regulated by activation of the nuclear factor(NF)-KB,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)***,we compared the above IL-33 activities with two structurally and functionally related cytokines,IL-1 B and ***-1β,but not IL-18,markedly upregulated cell surface expression of ***-1βand IL-18 also significantly enhanced eosinophil survival,and induced the release of IL-6 and chemokines CXCL8 and CCL2 via the activation of the NF-κB,p38 MAPK and ERK *** efects on the release of IL-6 were also observed in combined treatment withIL-1B,IL-18 and *** together,our findings provide insight into IL-33-mediated activation of eosinophils via differential intracellular signaling cascades in the immunopathogenesis of allergic inflammation.

关键词： allergy cytokines eosinophils signal transduction

A Detailed Study on the Equal Arrival Time Surface Effect in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2007年第3期7卷 397-404页

作者： Yong-Feng Huang Ye Lu Anna Yuen lam wong Kwong Sang Cheng Department of Astronomy Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 Department of Physics The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012

Due to the relativistic motion of gamma-ray burst remnant and its deceleration in the circumburst medium, the equal arrival time surfaces at any moment are not spherical, rather, they are distorted ellipsoids. This will leave some imprints in the afterglows. We study the effect of equal arrival time surfaces numerically for various circumstances, i.e., isotropic fireballs, collimated jets, density jumps and energy injection events. For each case, a direct comparison is made between including and not including the effect. For isotropic fireballs and jets viewed on axis, the effect slightly hardens the spectra and postpones the peak time of the afterglows, but does not change the shapes of the spectra and light curves significantly. In the cases of a density jump or an energy injection, the effect smears out the variations in the afterglows markedly.

关键词： gamma rays bursts -- relativity -- shock waves -- ISM clouds

Statin, aspirin and metformin use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma related outcomes following liver transplantation: A retrospective study

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 120-131页

作者： William Chung Kevin wong Noel Ravindranayagam Lauren Tang Josephine Grace Darren wong Danny Con Marie Sinclair Avik Majumdar Numan Kutaiba Samuel Hui Paul Gow Vijayaragavan Muralidharan Alexander Dobrovic Adam Testro Department of Gastroenterology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Victorian Liver Transplant Unit Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Radiology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology Monash HealthClayton 3168VictoriaAustralia Department of Surgery University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelberg 3048VictoriaAustralia Department of Surgery Beacon LaboratoryAustin PrecinctThe University of MelbourneAustin HospitalHeidelberg 3048VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is a potentially curative therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HCC-recurrence following LT is associated with reduced *** is increasing interest in chemoprophylaxis to improve HCC-related outcomes *** To investigate whether there is any benefit for the use of drugs with proposed chemoprophylactic properties against HCC,and patient outcomes following *** This was a retrospective study of adult patients who received Deceased Donor LT for HCC from 2005-2022,from a single Australian *** use was defined as statin,aspirin or metformin therapy for≥29 days,within 24 months post-LT.A cox proportional-hazards model with time-dependent covariates was used for survival *** measures were the composite-endpoint of HCC-recurrence and all-cause mortality,HCC-recurrence and HCC-related *** analysis was performed to account for immortality time bias and statin *** Three hundred and five patients were included in this study,with 253(82.95%)males with a median age of 58.90 *** of liver disease were 150(49.18%)hepatitis C,73(23.93%)hepatitis B(HBV)and 33(10.82%)non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).56(18.36%)took statins,51(16.72%)aspirin and 50(16.39%)*** a median follow-up time of 59.90 months,34(11.15%)developed HCC-recurrence,48(15.74%)died,17(5.57%)from HCC-related ***,aspirin or metformin use was not associated with statistically significant differences in the composite endpoint of HCC-recurrence or all-cause mortality[hazard ratio(HR):1.16,95%CI:0.58-2.30;HR:1.21,95%CI:0.28-5.27;HR:0.61,95%CI:0.27-1.36],HCC-recurrence(HR:0.52,95%CI:0.20-1.35;HR:0.51,95%CI:0.14-1.93;HR 1.00,95%CI:0.37-2.72),or HCC-related mortality(HR:0.32,95%CI:0.033-3.09;HR:0.71,95%CI:0.14-3.73;HR:1.57,95%CI:0.61-4.04)*** dosing was not associated with statist-ically significant differences in HCC-related ***

关键词： Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma Transplant oncology Statins HMG-Co-A reductase Aspirin Metformin Mammalian target of rapamycin

Dipyridyl Azo Compound 4,4'-Azopyridine as a Potential Coating Material for Toilet Sanitizer

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2023年第6期39卷 864-869页

作者： WANG Qiwei JIANG Lu lam Pik-Ling CHUI Chung-Hin wong Wai-Yeung Antibiotics Research and Reevaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu UniversityChengdu 610052P.R.China Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongP.R.China Research and Development Division One Health International LimitedHong KongP.R.China

Good toilet hygiene can reduce the risk of pathogenic *** flushing,pathogenic bacteria can be spread by the water droplets,especially in the toilet *** coli(***)is one of the frequently occurring Gram-negative bacterial pathogens found in the toilet *** this study,we investigated the potential *** activity of some azobenzene *** them,compound 2,with the heterocyclic nitrogen in both phenyl rings,showed the strongest antibacterial effect on ***,with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 80μg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration of 320μg/*** 2 displayed a comparative zone of clearance[(14.50±2.29)mm]to that of ampicillin[(13.17±1.76)mm].The reactive oxygen species(ROS)assay suggested that compound 2 might induce the loss of bacteria via the oxidative stress by eliciting the generation of intracellular *** further examined the potential cytotoxicity of compound 2 to the human skin HaCaT *** 2-treated skin cells showed a good maintenance of cellular morphology and a clear definition of cell nuclei,with a satisfactory cell viability(ca.90%)at 80μg/***,compound 2 would be a possible antibacterial coating agent for the surface sanitizer of the toilet seats to inhibit the growth of ***.

关键词： Antibacterial Azobenzene Escherichia coli Skin cytotoxicity Toilet seat

Effects of remifentanil on intracellular Ca^2＋ and its transients induced by electrical stimulation and caffeine in rat ventricular myocytes

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第12期122卷 1439-1443页

作者： ZHANG Ye Michael G. Irwin LI Rui CHEN Zhi-wu tak-Ming wong Department of Anesthesiology Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui 230601 China Department of Anesthesiology the-university of Hong Kong Hong Kong Claina Department of Anesthesiology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui 230022 China Departmen't of Physiology the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Background Preconditioning with remifentanil confers cardioprotection. Since Ca^2＋ overload is a precipitating factor of injury, we determined the effects of remefentanil on intracellular Ca^2＋（[Ca^2＋]i） and its transients induced by electrical stimulation and caffeine, which reflects Ca^2＋ handling by Ca^2＋ handling proteins, in rat ventricular myocytes. Methods Freshly isolated adult male Sprague-Dawley rat myocytes were loaded with Fura-2/AM and [Ca]i was determined by spectrofluorometry. Remifentanil at 0.1-1000 μg/L was administered. Ten minutes after administration, either 0.2 Hz electrical stimulation was applied or 10 mmol/L caffeine was added. The [Ca^2＋]i, and the amplitude, time resting and 50% decay （t50） of both transients induced by electrical stimulation （E[Ca^2＋]i） and caffeine （C[Ca^2＋]i） were determined. Results Remifentanil （0.1-1000.0 μg/L） decreased the [Ca^2＋]i in a dose-dependent manner. It also decreased the amplitude of both transients dose-dependently. Furthermore, it increased the time to peak and tso of both transients dose-dependently. Conclusion Remifentanil reduced the [Ca^2＋]i and suppressed the transients induced by electrical stimulation and caffeine in rat ventricular myocytes.

关键词： remifentanil ventricular myocyte cytosolic-calcium opioid receptor