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Homeostasis and regulation of autoreactive B cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 561-569页

作者： Sujin Lee Yeunjung Ko tae Jin kim Department of Immunology Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwon 16419Republic of Korea

In contrast to the previous belief that autoreactive B cells are eliminated from the normal repertoire of B cells,many autoreactive B cells actually escape clonal deletion and develop into mature B *** autoreactive B cells in healthy individuals perform some beneficial functions in the host and are homeostatically regulated by regulatory T and B cells or other mechanisms to prevent autoimmune *** B-1 cells constitutively produce polyreactive natural antibodies for tissue ***,autoreactive follicular B cells were reported to participate actively in the germinal center ***,the selection and usefulness of autoreactive marginal zone(MZ)B cells found in autoimmune diseases are not well understood,although the repertoire of MZ B-cell receptors(BCRs)is presumed to be biased to detect bacterial *** this review,we discuss the autoreactive B-cell populations among all three major B-cell subsets and their regulation in immune responses and diseases.

关键词： B-cell autoreactivity polyreactivity autoreactive antibody B-cell receptor B-1 lymphocyte autoreactive germinal center autoreactive marginal zone B cell

Gate-versus defect-induced voltage drop and negative differential resistance in vertical graphene heterostructures

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 480-488页

作者： tae Hyung kim Juho Lee Ryong-Gyu Lee Yong-Hoon kim School of Electrical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)291 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon34141Korea

To enable the computer-aided design of vertically stacked two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdW)heterostructure devices,we here introduce a non-equilibrium first-principles simulation method based on the multi-space constrained-search density functional *** it to graphene/few-layer hBN/graphene field-effect transistors,we show that the negative differential resistance(NDR)characteristics can be produced not only from the gating-induced mismatch between two graphene Dirac cones in energy-momentum space but from the bias-dependent energetic shift of defect ***,for a carbon atom substituted for a nitrogen atom(C_(N))within inner hBN layers,the increase of bias voltage is found to induce a self-consistent electron filling of in-gap C_(N)states,which in turn changes voltage drop profiles and produces symmetric NDR *** the CN placed on outer hBN layers,however,the pinning of C_(N)states to nearby graphene significantly modifies device characteristics,demonstrating the critical impact of atomic details for 2D vdW devices.

关键词： defect resistance details

Dopant-Tunable Ultrathin Transparent Conductive Oxides for Efficient Energy Conversion Devices

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第12期13卷 437-451页

作者： Dae Yun Kang Bo-Hyun kim tae Ho Lee Jae Won Shim Sungmin kim Ha-Jun Sung Kee Joo Chang tae Geun kim School of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Kongju National UniversityCheonan 31080Republic of Korea Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea

Ultrathin film-based transparent conductive oxides(TCOs)with a broad work function(WF)tunability are highly demanded for e cient energy conversion ***,reducing the film thickness below 50 nm is limited due to rapidly increasing resistance;furthermore,introducing dopants into TCOs such as indium tin oxide(ITO)to reduce the resistance decreases the transparency due to a trade-o between the two ***,we demonstrate dopant-tunable ultrathin(≤50 nm)TCOs fabricated via electric field-driven metal implantation(m-TCOs;m=Ni,Ag,and Cu)without com-promising their innate electrical and optical *** m-TCOs exhibit a broad WF variation(0.97 eV),high transmittance in the UV to visible range(89–93%at 365 nm),and low sheet resistance(30–60Ωcm-2).Experimental and theoretical analyses show that interstitial metal atoms mainly a ect the change in the WF without substantial losses in optical *** m-ITOs are employed as anode or cathode electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes(LEDs),inorganic UV LEDs,and organic photovoltaics for their universal use,leading to outstanding performances,even without hole injection layer for OLED through the WF-tailored *** results verify the proposed m-TCOs enable e ective carrier transport and light extraction beyond the limits of traditional TCOs.

关键词： Transparent conductive oxide Metal implantation High transparency Low sheet resistance Work function

Moxibustion Therapy in Traditional Mongolian Medicine

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第9期24卷 707-712页

作者： tae-Hun kim Do-Hoon kim Seong Gyu Lee College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul 202447 Republic of Korea Department of Medical Classics and History Gachon University Seongnam 213120 Republic of Korea College of Humanities Dankook University Cheonan 231116 Republic of Korea

From the medical history of traditional Eastern Asian and Tibetan medicine, the origin and development of moxibustion seems to be closely related to Mongolia. To explore the current clinical practice of moxibustion in Mongolia, we visited a teaching hospital, the Traditional Medical Science, Technology and Production Corporation of Mongolia, in February 2014. Many types of moxibustion are found to be used, and various modalities and methods are practiced based on the principles of traditional Mongolian medicine. In particular, Mongolian drug moxibustion, which uses small butter-warmed bags packed with powdered aromatic herbs instead of moxa cones, is a unique moxibustion technique not found in other countries. In this paper, we introduce the clinical practice of moxibustion, specifically Mongolian drug moxibustion in Mongolia.

关键词： traditional Mongolian medicine moxibustion Mongolian drug moxibustion

Electrochemically metal-doped reduced graphene oxide films:Properties and applications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第5期40卷 72-80页

作者： Myung-Sic Chae tae Ho Lee Kyung Rock Son tae Hoon Park Kyo Seon Hwang tae Geun kim School of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversityAnam-ro 145Seongbuk-guSeoul 02841South Korea Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoul 02447South Korea

The fine control of doping levels in graphene materials such as reduced graphene oxide(RGO)is important to properly manipulate their ambipolar transport characteristics for various device ***,conventional doping methods involve complex chemical reactions,large-scale doping processes,and poor ***,a simple and controllable electrochemical doping treatment(EDT),performed via the conductive channels created at the RGO surface by the application of an electric field,is introduced to tailor the electrical properties of RGO films.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy measurements are performed to detect the presence of Ni atoms in RGO films after the EDT(EDT-RGO).Then,EDT-RGO field-effect transistors(FETs)are fabricated with different doping areas(0 to 100%fractional area)on the RGO active channel to investigate the effect and selective-area doping capability of the *** to p-type doping compensation by the intercalated Ni atoms,the electron mobility of the EDT-RGO FET decreases from 1.40 to 0.12 cm2 V-1s-1 compared with that of the undoped RGO-FET,leading to the conversion from ambipolar to unipolar p-type transfer characteristics.

关键词： Reduced graphene oxide Electrochemical doping treatment Electrical breakdown process Field-effect transistor

Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Printed Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films Incorporated with Cobalt-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Self-Powered Mobile Electronics

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第4期7卷 396-403页

作者： Myeong-Hyeon kim Sang-Joon Park tae-Jun Ha Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897Korea

In this study,wearable triboelectric nanogenerators comprising bar-printed polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)films incorporated with cobalt-based metal-organic framework(Co-MOF)were *** enhanced output performance of the TENGs was attributed to the phase transition of PVDF from a-crystals toβ-crystals,as facilitated by the incorporation of the *** synthesis conditions,including metal ion,concentration,and particle size of the MOF,were optimized to increase open-circuit voltage(VOC)and open-circuit current(I_(SC))of PVDF-based *** addition to high operational stability,mechanical robustness,and long-term reliability,the developed TENG consisting of PVDF incorporated with Co-MOF(Co-MOF@PVDF)achieved a VOC of 194 V and an I_(SC)of 18.8μ***,the feasibility of self-powered mobile electronics was demonstrated by integrating the developed wearable TENG with rectifier and control units to power a global positioning system(GPS)*** local position of the user in real-time through GPS was displayed on a mobile interface,powered by the battery charged through friction-induced electricity generation.

关键词： bar printing phase transition polyvinylidene fluoride incorporated with cobalt-based metal-organic framework self-powered mobile electronics wearable triboelectric nanogenerators

Determining node duty cycle using Q-learning and linear regression for WSN

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2021年第1期15卷 17-23页

作者： Han Yao HUANG Kyung tae kim Hee Yong YOUN College of Software Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 440-746Korea

Wireless sensor network(WSN)is effective for monitoring the target environment,which consists of a large number of sensor nodes of limited *** efficient medium access control(MAC)protocol is thus imperative to maximize the energy efficiency and performance of *** most existing MAC protocols are based on the scheduling of sleep and active period of the nodes,and do not consider the relationship between the load condition and *** this paper a novel scheme is proposed to properly determine the duty cycle of the WSN nodes according to the load,which employs the Q-leaming technique and function approximation with linear *** allows low-latency energy-efficient scheduling for a wide range of traffic conditions,and effectively overcomes the limitation of Q-learning with the problem of continuous state-action ***3 simulation reveals that the proposed scheme significantly improves the throughput,latency,and energy efficiency compared to the existing fully active scheme and S-MAC.

关键词： wireless sensor network media access control duty-cycle scheduling Q-leaming linear regression

Minimum dose path planning for facility inspection based on the discrete Rao-combined ABC algorithm in radioactive environments with obstacles

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第4期34卷 26-40页

作者： Kwon Ryong Hong Su Il O Ryon Hui kim tae Song kim Jang Su kim Faculty of Energy Science Kim Il Sung UniversityPyongyangDemocratic People’s Republic of Korea High-Tech Research&Development Centre Institute of Information TechnologyKim Il Sung UniversityPyongyangDemocratic People’s Republic of Korea

Workers who conduct regular facility inspections in radioactive environments will inevitably be affected by ***,it is important to optimize the inspection path to ensure that workers are exposed to the least amount of *** study proposes a discrete Rao-combined artificial bee colony(ABC)algorithm for planning inspection paths with minimum exposure doses in radioactive environments with *** this algorithm,retaining the framework of the traditional ABC algorithm,we applied the directional solution update rules of Rao algorithms at the employed bee stage and onlooker bee stage to increase the exploitation ability of the algorithm and implement discretion using the swap operator and swap *** increase the randomness of solution generation,the chaos algorithm was used at the initialization *** K-opt operation technique was introduced at the scout bee stage to increase the exploration ability of the *** path planning in an environment with complex structural obstacles,an obstacle detour technique using a recursive algorithm was *** evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm,we performed experimental simulations in three hypothetical environments and compared the results with those of improved particle swarm optimization,chaos particle swarm optimization,improved ant colony optimization,and discrete Rao’s *** experimental results show the high performance of the proposed discrete Rao-combined ABC algorithm and its obstacle detour capability.

关键词： Minimum dose Path planning Nuclear facility inspection ABC algorithm Rao algorithms Swap sequence K-opt operation

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of nodules in liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第13期20卷 3590-3596页

作者： tae Kyoung kim Hyun-Jung Department of Medical Imaging Toronto General HospitalUniversity of TorontoToronto ON M5G 2N2Canada

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)using microbubble contrast agents are useful for the diagnosis of the nodules in liver *** can be used as a problem-solving method for indeterminate nodules on computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or as an initial diagnostic test for small newly detected liver *** has unique advantages over CT and MRI including no renal excretion of contrast,real-time imaging capability,and purely intravascular *** carcinoma(HCC)is characterized by arterial-phase hypervascularity and later washout(negative enhancement).Benign nodules such as regenerative nodules or dysplastic nodules are usually isoechoic or slightly hypoechoic in the arterial phase and isoechoic in the late ***,there are occasional HCC lesions with atypical enhancement including hypovascular HCC and hypervascular HCC without *** are infrequently detected during HCC surveillance and mostly show rimlike or diffuse hypervascularity followed by rapid *** are often found at HCC surveillance and are easily diagnosed by *** can be effectively used in the diagnostic work-up of small nodules detected at HCC *** is also useful to differentiate malignant and benign venous thrombosis and to guide and monitor the local ablation therapy for HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cirrhosis Dysplastic nodule Contrast ultrasound Imaging