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Time Estimation in Developmental Dyslexia: An Experimental Investigation

Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2014年第5期3卷 373-381页

作者： Azizuddin Khan Abdalla Abdal-hay tabassum qazi Claudio López Calle Ruth Clavijo Castillo Psychophysiology Laboratory Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai India Facultad de Psicología Universidad de Cuenca Cuenca Ecuador Engineering Materials and Mechanical Design Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena Egypt Department of Psychology S.N.D.T University Churchgate Mumbai India

Time estimation is the ability to judge the duration or apprehend the passage of time by the order of occurrence of experience or by physiological rhythm (Fraisse, 1984). It plays quite a significant role in language disorder especially developmental dyslexia. It is characterized by deficits in phonological processing abilities. However, it is unclear what the underlying factors for poor phonological abilities or speech sound representations are. The deficit in phonological processes has been for the processing of paired tones or temporal sequences different when relatively short time intervals are used in individuals with dyslexia compared to typical readers. This paper presents the results of a study that was undertaken to determine the effects of method of time judgment, and paradigm on dyslexic and atypical readers. An experiment was conducted using 115 children (age: M = 12.23 years, SD = 1.30), 51 dyslexics and 64 typical readers. The data were obtained through the method of verbal estimation and reproduction. Analysis of variance was used to analyse the data. Time judgments data were analyzed using directional error. For directional error, all the main effects and few interactions were significant. Children with dyslexia showed more errors in time estimation (M = 0.59, SD = 0.52) as compared to typical readers (M = 0.83, SD = 0.74). Estimation of duration under the prospective paradigm was more accurate than under the retrospective paradigm for both dyslexics and typical readers. However, dyslexics were more error prone as compared to typical readers. Time judgment was accurate under verbal time estimation as compared to reproduction method.

关键词： Duration Language Disorder Phonological Deficit Typical Reader

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Application of Box-Behnken Design for Optimization of Different Pretreatment Conditions for Cellulase Production

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2017年第3期24卷 51-59页

作者： Sidra Iqbal Muhammad Irfan Fouzia tabassum Hafiz Abdullah Shakir Javed Iqbal qazi Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory Department of ZoologyUniversity of the PunjabNew Campus Lahore 54590Pakistan Department of Biotechnology University of SargodhaSargodha 54590Pakistan

Effects of dilute acid and acid steam pretreatments were inspected for cellulose production of Eucalyptus leaves through Box-Behenken design, a three variable factors for response surface methodology by Bacillus subtilus K-18. Maximum cellulose production performed in 250 mL erlenmeyer flask with submerged fermentation attained at 50＂C, pH 5, 140 r· min-1 for 24 h. Results showed the efficient cellulose production from acid steam pretreatrnent （being autoclaved at 15 Psi for 15 rain） than acid pretreatment. The optimum condition for maximum carboxymethyl cellulas （CMCase） was 1.811 IU·mL-1·min-1 （0.8% acid cone., 10 g biomass loading, 6 h reaction time） and filter paper activity （FPase） was 2.255 IU·mL·-1·min-1 （1% acid conc., 10 g biomass loading, 8 h reaction time）. Whereas, the acid steam maximum CMCase activity recorded was 2.585 IU·mL-1·min-1 （0.8% acid cone., 15 g substrate loading and 8 h reaction time） and the highest FPase activity was 2.055 IU·mL-1·min-1 （0.8% cone., 10 g biomass, 6 h reaction time then autoclaved）. Results revealed that acid pretreated Eucalyptus leaves were better lignocellulosic biomass for cellulose production by submerged fermentation.

关键词： cellulase pretreatment Eucalyptus Bacillus sp. Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

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