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A micromechanical model based on hypersingular integro-differential equations for analyzing micro-crazed interfaces between dissimilar elastic materials

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第2期41卷 193-206页

作者： X.Wang W.t.ang h.FAN School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

the current work models a weak(soft) interface between two elastic materials as containing a periodic array of micro-crazes. the boundary conditions on the interfacial micro-crazes are formulated in terms of a system of hypersingular integro-differential equations with unknown functions given by the displacement jumps across opposite faces of the micro-crazes. Once the displacement jumps are obtained by approximately solving the integro-differential equations, the effective stiffness of the micro-crazed interface can be readily computed. the effective stiffness is an important quantity needed for expressing the interfacial conditions in the spring-like macro-model of soft interfaces. Specific case studies are conducted to gain physical insights into how the effective stiffness of the interface may be influenced by the details of the interfacial micro-crazes.

关键词： micromechanical modeling micro-crazed interface effective stiffness coefficient hypersingular integro-differential equation

Impact of device resistances in the performance of graphene‑based terahertz photodetectors

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 87-97页

作者： O.Castelló Sofía M.López Baptista K.Watanabe t.taniguchi E.Diez J.E.Velázquez-Pérez y.M.Meziani J.M.Caridad J.A.Delgado-Notario Department of Applied Physics University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Unidad de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructurada(LUMES) University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Nanotechnology Group USAL-NanolabUniversity of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain

In recent years,graphene field-effect-transistors(GFEts)have demonstrated an outstanding potential for terahertz(thz)photodetection due to their fast response and *** features are essential to enable emerging thz applications,including 6G wireless communications,quantum information,bioimaging and ***,the overall performance of these photodetectors may be utterly compromised by the impact of internal resistances presented in the device,so-called access or parasitic *** this work,we provide a detailed study of the influence of internal device resistances in the photoresponse of high-mobility dual-gate GFEt *** dual-gate architectures allow us to fine tune(decrease)the internal resistance of the device by an order of magnitude and consequently demonstrate an improved responsivity and noise-equivalent-power values of the photodetector,*** results can be well understood by a series resistance model,as shown by the excellent agreement found between the experimental data and theoretical *** findings are therefore relevant to understand and improve the overall performance of existing high-mobility graphene photodetectors.

关键词： Graphene thz Photodetector Field-effect transistor Plasmonic

Resistive field generation in intense proton beam interaction with solid targets

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 35-43页

作者： W.Q.Wang J.J.honrubia y.yin X.h.yang F.Q.Shao Department of Physics National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina EtSI Aeronáutica y del Espacio Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Department of Nuclear Science and technology National University of Defense TechnologyHunanChina

the Brown-Preston-Singleton(BPS)stopping power model is added to our previously developed hybrid code to model ion beam-plasma *** simulations show that both resistive field and ion scattering effects are important for proton beam transport in a solid target,in which they compete with each *** the target is not completely ionized,the self-generated resistive field effect dominates over the ion scattering ***,when the target is completely ionized,this situation is ***,it is found that Ohmic heating is important for higher current densities and materials with high *** energy fraction deposited as Ohmic heating can be as high as 20%-30%.typical ion divergences with half-angles of about 5°-10°will modify the proton energy deposition substantially and should be taken into account.

关键词： interaction beam intense

真核生物mRNA应激状态下的帽-非依赖性翻译

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中国生物化学与分子生物学报 2024年第1期40卷 1-9页

作者：刘子昂金焰吴楠中国遗传资源保护与疾病防控教育部重点实验室(哈尔滨医科大学) 哈尔滨150081 哈尔滨医科大学医学遗传学研究室哈尔滨150081

在真核生物中,mRNA翻译过程包括起始、延伸和终止。其中,翻译的起始阶段最为重要且复杂,它决定了mRNA能否被有效翻译成蛋白质。根据翻译起始机制的不同,真核生物mRNA翻译可以分为传统的帽-依赖性翻译和替代机制帽-非依赖性翻译。当外部... 详细信息

在真核生物中,mRNA翻译过程包括起始、延伸和终止。其中,翻译的起始阶段最为重要且复杂,它决定了mRNA能否被有效翻译成蛋白质。根据翻译起始机制的不同,真核生物mRNA翻译可以分为传统的帽-依赖性翻译和替代机制帽-非依赖性翻译。当外部环境的刺激或细胞自身的改变使细胞处于应激状态时,传统的帽-依赖性翻译被抑制或下调,替代机制帽-非依赖性翻译得以启动,以保证翻译的顺利进行。真核生物在应激状态下为了维持蛋白质合成的需求,采用多种翻译起始机制来实现帽-非依赖性翻译。其中较常见的是IRES(internal ribosome entry site)、m6A修饰和CItE(cap-independent translation enhancer)所启动的翻译。这些机制允许核糖体在mRNA的特殊区域内部进行启动,而不依赖于传统的m7G帽结构。通过这些机制,真核生物可以在应激状态下仍然进行蛋白质合成,以满足细胞的需要。本文在总结传统帽-依赖性翻译研究进展基础上,着重介绍IRES、m6A和CItE所启动的帽-非依赖性翻译,为更好地探索细胞应激状态下的翻译机制提供参考,为未来的翻译研究和应用提供更多的思路。

关键词：真核生物mRNA 帽-非依赖性翻译内部核糖体进入位点 N6-甲基腺苷帽-非依赖性翻译增强子

Implications of de Facto Reuse on Future Regulatory Developments for Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority in Okatie, South Carolina, USA

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第2期15卷 173-192页

作者： tricia h. Kilgore Shubhashini Oza Jeremy hatfield Katherine y. Bell Department of technology and Innovation Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority Okatie SC USA Department of Research and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Charlotte NC USA Department of Digital Solutions Brown and Caldwell Cleveland OH USA Department of Research and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

A significant portion of the national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, the contribution of Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) effluent to waters that supply drinking water treatment plants has been documented by some communities. In the United States (US), among the top 25 most impacted drinking water treatment plants by upstream WRRF, 16% of the influent flow to the drinking water treatment plant under average streamflow and up to 100% under low-flow conditions is WRRF effluent. Currently, the full extent of de facto reuse in the US may be much higher because of population growth. the scenario is no different for Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Authority (BJWSA) in South Carolina, US, with contributions to the Savannah River originating from numerous WRRF and other upstream dischargers. South Carolina coastal utilities such as BJSWA are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by disposal limitations and challenges. Currently, South Carolina does not have a framework, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions have started among the regulated community. In addition to understanding the extent of de facto reuse, the state will need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to water resources challenges. Such guidance should address human health risk management and technical considerations regarding treatment in addition to other factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. this study conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJWSA, sampled at four locations on Savannah River, and observed that de facto reuse is approximately 4.6% to 5.9% during low-flow months and is within the range generally observed nationwide. When coupled with evidence that planned potable reuse can improve human h

关键词： Water Reuse De Facto Reuse Planned Potable Reuse Water Recycling Wastewater Derived Contaminants

Ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group calculations for neutron-rich P,Cl,and K isotopes

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第7期48卷 181-190页

作者：谢萌冉沈留媛李健国李红蕙袁琪左维 Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Nuclear Science and technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Neutron-rich P,Cl,and K isotopes,particularly those with neutron numbers of approximately N=28,have attracted extensive experimental and theoretical *** utilize the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group approach,based on chiral nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces,to investigate the exotic properties of these *** calculations of the low-lying spectra are performed.A key finding is the level inversion between 3/2_(1)^(+)and 1/2_(1)^(+)states in odd-A isotopes,attributed to the inversion ofπ0xod_(3/2) andπls_(1/2) single-particle *** ab initio calculations,which incorporate the three-nucleon forces,correlate closely with existing experimental *** calculations of effective proton single-particle energies provide deeper insights into the shell evolution for Z=14 and 16 *** results indicate that the three-body force plays important roles in the shell evolution for Z=14 and 16 sub-shells with neutron numbers ranging from 20 to ***,systematic ab initio calculations are conducted for the low-lying spectra of odd-odd *** results correspond with experimental data and provide new insights for future research into these isotopes up to and beyond the drip line.

关键词： ab initio calculations shell evolution low-lying spectra

Particle elasticity influences polymeric artificial antigen presenting cell effectiveness in vivo via CD8+t cell activation,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9052-9064页

作者： Savannah E.Est-Witte Sydney R.Shannon Dennis h.Gong Kaitlyn G.Calabresi Jawaun J.harris Kaitlyn Storm Edwin J.yoo Ariel Isser Vivek P.Jani Natalie K.Livingston Mary O.Omotoso Kelly Rhodes Elana Ben-Akiva Randall A.Meyer Zoe t.hsieh Simone Sidoli Stephany y.tzeng Jonathan P.Schneck Jordan J.Green translational tissue Engineering Center Institute for NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21231USA Institute for Cell Engineering Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine733 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxNew York CityNY 10461USA

Adoptive cell therapy(ACt)is an immunotherapy strategy for cancer that has seen widespread clinical *** ACt,patient-derived lymphocytes are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then returned to the patient to initiate an antigen-specific antitumor *** effective,this process is resource-intensive and logistically impossible for many *** artificial antigen presenting cells(aAPCs)offer a potential“off-the-shelf”alternative to ex vivo *** particulate aAPCs perform well in vitro,they have had limited success in vivo due to poor bioavailability after *** to bioavailability include rapid clearance,unfavorable biodistribution,and inadequate interactions with CD8+t cells at sites of *** properties such as elasticity have been shown to vastly impact the bioavailability and particle-cell interactions,but this has yet to be investigated in the context of aAPCs for in vivo t-cell *** literature likewise indicates that biomaterial properties,especially elasticity,can modulate t-cell activation in *** the goal of creating a more biomimetic,next-generation particulate aAPC,we developed a poly(ethylene)glycol hydrogel particle platform with tunable elasticity to investigate the impact of elasticity on antigen-specific t cell activation for in vivo adoptive *** this knowledge,we were able to gain more precise control over in vivo t cell activation and investigate possible mechanisms including the effects of aAPC elasticity on t cell binding,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona.

关键词： adoptive cell therapy artificial antigen presenting cells particle drug delivery elasticity protein corona poly(ethylene glycol)

Effect of degree of saturation on stresses and pore water pressure in the subgrade layer caused by railway track loading

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Railway Sciences 2024年第4期3卷 413-436页

作者： Mohammed y.Fattah Qutaiba G.Majeed hassan h.Joni Department of Civil Engineering UOTBaghdadIraq Department of Civil Engineering Diyala UniversityDiyalaIraq

Purpose-the experiments of this study investigated the effect of the subgrade degree of saturation on the value of the stresses generated on the surface and the middle(vertical and lateral stresses).the objectives of this study can be identified by studying the effect of subgrade layer degree of saturation variation,load amplitude and load frequency on the transmitted stresses through the ballast layer to the subgrade layer and the stress distribution inside it and investigating the excess pore water pressure development in the clay layer in the case of a fully saturated subgrade layer and the change in matric suction in the case of an unsaturated subgrade ***/methodology/approach-thirty-six laboratory experiments were conducted using approximately half-scale replicas of real railways,with an iron box measuring 1.5×1.031.0 *** the box,a 0.5 m thick layer of clay soil representing the base layer was *** it is a 0.2 m thick ballast layer made of crushed stone,and on top of that is a 0.8 m long rail line supported by three 0.9 m(0.1×0.1 m)slipper *** subgrade layer has been built at the following various saturation levels:100,80,70 and 60%.Experiments were conducted with various frequencies of 1,2 and 4 hz with load amplitudes of 15,25 and 35 ***-the results of the study demonstrated that as the subgrade degree of saturation decreased from 100 to 60%,the ratio of stress in the lateral direction to stress in the vertical direction generated in the middle of the subgrade layer decreased as *** average,this ratio changed from approximately 0.75 to approximately ***/value-the study discovered that as the test proceeded and the number of cycles increased,the value of negative water pressure(matric suction)in the case of unsaturated subgrade soils *** frequency of loads had no bearing on the ratio of decline in matric suction values,which was greater under a larger load amplitude than a lower *** the test progr

关键词： Subgrade clay Unsaturated track Matric suction Stresses

Processes involving soil CO_(2)dynamic in a sector of Chaco-Pampean plain,Argentina:An isotope geochemical approach

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第5期43卷 947-958页

作者： Sanci Romina Panarello héctor Instituto de Geociencias Básicas Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires(IGEBA)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresCABAIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón IIPiso 1C1428EGA Ciudad UniversitariaArgentina Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica(INGEIS) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresCABAIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón INGEISC1428EGA Ciudad UniversitariaArgentina

the magnitude and spatial variability of CO_(2)surface emissions and processes involving CO_(2)released to the atmosphere from the soils are relevant issues in the context of climate *** work evaluated CO_(2)fluxes and^(13)C/^(12)C ratio of vegetation,organic matter,and soil gases from no disturbed soils of Chaco Pampean Plain(Argentina)with different soil properties and environmental conditions(PL and PA units).Soil organic decomposition from individual layers was accompanied byδ^(13)C of total organic carbon(δ^(13)C-tOC)values more enriched to depth.δ^(13)C-tOC values in the upper soil profile~ca.0–15 cm were like the plant community of this area(~−33 to−29‰)whileδ^(13)CtOC varied stronger bellow horizon A,till~−24‰.Bothδ^(13)C-tOC and soilδ^(13)C-CO_(2)were similar(~−24 to 26‰)at deeper horizons(~50–60 cm).toward the superficial layers,δ^(13)C-tOC andδ^(13)C-CO_(2)showed more differences(till~4‰),due influence of the diffusion *** A layer(~0–20 cm)from both PL and PA units contained the most enrichedδ^(13)C-CO_(2)values(~−15–17‰)because atmospheric CO_(2)permeated the soil air.A simple two-component mixing model between sources(atmosphericδ^(13)C-CO_(2)and soil CO_(2))confirmed that ***,CO_(2)fluxes reflected the biodegradation of C3 plants(source),diffusive transport,and CO_(2)exchange(atmosphere/soil).Soil moisture content appeared as a determining factor in the diffusion process and the magnitude of CO_(2)surface emissions(12–60 g·m^(−2)·d^(−1)).that condition was confirmed by CO_(2)diffusion coefficients estimated by air-filled porosity parameters and soil radon gradient model.

关键词： Soil CO_(2) Carbon isotopes Isotope fractionation Radon gases