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two New Species of Sciomyzidae (Diptera)from Palaearctic China

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Entomotaxonomia 1991年第1期13卷 65-70页

作者： rudolf rOZKOSNY Lloyd knutson 捷克J.E.Purkyne大学自然科学学院美国农业部农业研究局欧州杂草生物防治实验室意大利罗马

two new species of Sciomyzidae from Manchuria (Northeastern China) are described. Pherbellia orientalis sp. n. belongs to the P. dorsata group and is characterized by partly darkened wings and a contrasting white fore basitarsus. Elgiva manchurica sp. n. is apparently related to E divisa (Loew) but differs by the bare prosternum and differently shaped structures of the male genitalia.

关键词： taxonomy Pherbillia orientalis sp. n. Elgiva manchurica sp. n. Manchuria

third assessment on impacts of climate change on tropical cyclones in the typhoon Committee region——Part Ⅰ:Observed changes, detection and attribution

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tropical Cyclone research and review 2020年第1期9卷 1-22页

作者： tsz-Cheung Lee thomas r.knutson toshiyuki Nakaegawa Ming Ying Eun Jeong Cha Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA PrincetonNJUSA Meteorological research Institute/Japan Meteorological Agency TsukubaJapan Shanghai typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghaiChina National typhoon Center Korea Meteorological AdministrationJejuRepublic of Korea

Published findings on climate change impacts on tropical cyclones(tCs)in the ESCAP/WMO typhoon Committee region are *** focus on observed tC changes in the western North Pacific(WNP)basin,including frequency,intensity,precipitation,track pattern,and storm *** from an updated survey of impacts of past tC activity on various Members of the typhoon Committee are also *** tC datasets continue to show substantial interdecadal variations in basin-wide tC frequency and intensity in the *** has been encouraging progress in improving the consensus between different datasets concerning intensity trends.A statistically significant northwestward shift in WNP tC tracks since the 1980s has been *** is low-to-medium confidence in a detectable poleward shift since the 1940s in the average latitude where tCs reach their peak intensity in the WNP.A worsening of storm inundation levels is believed to be occurring due to sea level rise-due in part to anthropogenic influence-assuming all other factors ***,we are not aware that any tC climate change signal has been convincingly detected in WNP sea level extremes *** also consider detection and attribution of observed changes based on an alternative type II error avoidance perspective.

关键词： tropical cyclones typhoons Climate change typhoon Committee Western North Pacific

third assessment on impacts of climate change on tropical cyclones in the typhoon Committee region-Part Ⅱ:Future projections

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tropical Cyclone research and review 2020年第2期9卷 75-86页

作者： Eun Jeong Cha thomas r.knutson tsz-Cheung Lee Ming Ying toshiyuki Nakaegawa National typhoon Center Korea Meteorological AdministrationJejuRepublic of Korea Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA PrincetonNJUSA Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina Shanghai typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghaiChina Meteorological research Institute/Japan Meteorological Agency TsukubaJapan

this paper assesses published findings on projections of future tropical cyclone(tC)activity in the ESCAP/WMO typhoon Committee region under climate change *** assessment also estimates the projected changes of key tC metrics for a 2℃anthropogenic global warming scenario for the western North Pacific(WNP)following the approach of a WMO task team,together with other reported findings for this *** projections of tC genesis/frequency,most models suggest a reduction of tC frequency,but an increase in the proportion of very intense tCs over the WNP in the ***,some individual studies project an increase in WNP tC *** studies agree on a projected increase of WNP tC intensity over the 21 st *** available projections for tC related precipitation in the WNP indicate an increase in tC related precipitation rate in a warmer *** warming may also lead to changes in tC prevailing tracks.A further increase in storm surge risk may result from increases in tC *** most confident aspect of forced anthropogenic change in tC inundation risk derives from the highly confident expectation of further sea level rise,which we expect will exacerbate storm inundation risk in coastal regions,assuming all other factors equal.

关键词： tropical cyclones Climate change Westerm North Pacifie typhoon Comitte Projections

Preparation and characterization of multimodal hybrid organic and inorganic nanocrystals of camptothecin and gold

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2019年第1期9卷 128-134页

作者： Christin P. Hollis Alan K. Dozier Barbara L. knutson tonglei Li Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kentucky Electron Microscopy Center University of Kentucky Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Sciences University of Kentucky Department Industrial & Physical Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Purdue University

We demonstrate a novel inorganic-organic crystalline nanoconstruct, where gold atoms were imbedded in the crystal lattices as defects of camptothecin nanocrystals, suggesting its potential use as simultaneous agents for cancer therapy and bioimaging. the incorporation of gold, a potential computed tomography(Ct) contrast agent, in the nanocrystals of camptothecin was detected by transmission electron microscope(tEM) and further quantified by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometers(ICP-OES). Due to gold's high attenuation coefficient, only a relatively small amount needs to be present in order to create a good noise-to-contrast ratio in Ct imaging. the imbedded gold atoms and clusters are expected to share the same biological fate as the camptothecin nanocrystals, reaching and accumulating in tumor site due to the enhanced permeation and retention(EPr) effect.

关键词： Hybrid inorganic-organic Drug delivery Camptothecin Gold nanoparticles Computed tomography(Ct) contrast agent Cancer therapy and diagnosis

Integrating brain imaging endophenotypes with GWAS for Alzheimer’s disease

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Quantitative Biology 2021年第2期9卷 185-200页

作者： Katherine Aknutson Wei Pan Division of Biostatistics University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Background:Genome wide association studies(GWAS)have identified many genetic variants associated with increased risk of Alzheimer^disease(AD).these susceptibility loci may effect AD indirectly through a combination of physiological brain *** of these neuropathologic features are detectable via magnetic resonance imaging(MrI).Methods:In this study,we examine the effects of such brain imaging derived phenotypes(IDPs)with genetic etiology on AD,using and comparing the following methods:two-sample Mendelian randomization(2SMr),generalized summary statistics based Mendelian randomization(GSMr),transcriptome wide association studies(tWAS)and the adaptive sum of powered score(aSPU)*** methods do not require individual-level genotypic and phenotypic data but instead can rely only on an external reference panel and GWAS summary ***:Using publicly available GWAS datasets from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project(IGAP)and UK Biobank's(UKBB)brain imaging initiatives,we identify 35 IDPs possibly associated with AD,many of which have well established or biologically plausible links to the characteristic cognitive impairments of this neurodegenerative ***:Our results highlight the increased power for detecting genetic associations achieved by multiple correlated SNP-based methods,i.e.,aSPU,GSMr and tWAS,over Mr methods based on independent SNPs(as instrumental variables).

关键词： aSPU test Mendelian randomization MrI SPU tests Sum test tWAS

IMPACtS OF CLIMAtE CHANGE ON trOPICAL CYCLONES IN tHE WEStErN NOrtH PACIFIC BASIN. PArt Ⅱ: LAtE tWENtY-FIrSt CENtUrY PrOJECtIONS

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tropical Cyclone research and review 2012年第2期1卷 231-241页

作者： MING YING tHOMAS r.knutson HIrOtAKA KAMAHOrI tSZ-CHEUNG LEE Laboratory of typhoon Forecast technique Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Meteorological research Institute/Japan Meteorological Agency Hong Kong Observatory

this paper reviews the latest studies on the relationship between projected late 21 st century climate changes and tropical cyclone(tC) activity in the western North Pacific(WNP) basin, which is the region of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific(ESCAP)/World Meteorological Organization(WMO) typhoon Committee members. Existing studies of projected changes of tC activity in this basin, such as frequency, intensity, precipitation, genesis location and track pattern are summarized, based on an assumed A1 B future climate change scenario. A review of available studies on projected future changes in WNP landfalling tC activity is also *** it remains uncertain whether there has been any detectable human influence on tropical cyclone frequency, intensity, precipitation, track, or related aggregated storm activity metrics in the basin, modeling studies suggest changes in future tropical cyclone activity for the WNP basin. More models project decreases than increases in tropical storm frequency(range-70% to +60%);most studies project an increase in the tC intensity(range-3% to +18%);and all six available studies that include the WNP basin project increases in tC precipitation rates(range +5 to +30%).

关键词： tropical cyclone activity climate change projection uncertainty

IMPACtS OF CLIMAtE CHANGE ON trOPICAL CYCLONES IN tHE WEStErN NOrtH PACIFIC BASIN. PArt Ⅰ: PASt OBSErVAtIONS

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tropical Cyclone research and review 2012年第2期1卷 213-230,276-280页

作者： tSZ-CHEUNG LEE tHOMAS r.knutson HIrOtAKA KAMAHOrI MING YING Hong Kong Observatory Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Meteorological research Institute/Japan Meteorological Agency Laboratory of typhoon Forecast technique Shanghai Typhoon InstituteChina Meteorological Administration

this paper reviews the current state of the science on the relationship between climate change and historical tropical cyclone(tC) activity in the western North Pacific(WNP) basin, which is the region of the ESCAP/WMO typhoon Committee members. Existing studies of observed changes of tC activity in this basin, such as frequency, intensity, precipitation, genesis location and track pattern are summarized. results from a survey on impacts of past tC activity on various members of typhoon Committee are reported, along with a review of studies of past WNP landfalling *** considerable interannual and interdecadal variations in the tC activity in this basin, it remains uncertain whether there has been any detectable human influence on tropical cyclone frequency, intensity, precipitation, track, or related aggregated storm activity metrics. Also, the issues of homogeneity and consistency of best track data sets in the WNP further add uncertainty to relevant research studies. Observations indicate some regional shifts in tC activity in the basin, such as a decreasing trend in tC occurrence in part of the South China Sea and an increasing trend along the east coast of China during the past 40 years. this change is apparently related to local circulation changes in the eastern Asia and WNP, though the cause of the circulation changes remains unknown.

关键词： tropical cyclone activity climate change trends impacts uncertainty

Cuticular bacteria appear detrimental to social spiders in mixed but not monoculture exposure

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 377-384页

作者： Carl N. KEISEr taylor A. SHEArEr lexander E. DEMArCO Hayley A. BrIttINGHAM Karen A. knutson Candice Kuo Katherine ZHAO Jonathan N. PrUItt Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA

Much of an animal＇s health status, life history, and behavior are dictated by interactions with its endogenous and exogenous bacterial communities. Unfortunately, interactions between hosts and members of their resident bacterial community are often ignored in animal behavior and behavioral ecology. Here, we aim to identify the nature of host-microbe interactions in a nonmodel organism, the African social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. We collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of spiders in situ and then exposed spiders to bacterial monocultures cultures via topical application or injection. We also topically inoculated spiders with a concomitant ＂cocktail＂ of bacteria and measured the behavior of spiders daily for 24 days after inoculation. Lastly, we collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of prey items in the capture webs of spiders, and then fed spiders domestic crickets which had been injected with these bacteria. We also injected 1 species of prey-borne bacteria into the hemolymph of spiders. Only Bacillus thuringiensis caused increased mortality when injected into the hemolymph of spiders, whereas no bacterial monocultures caused increased mortality when applied topically, relative to control solutions. However, a bacterial cocktail of cuticular bacteria caused weight loss and mortality when applied topically, yet did not detectibly alter spider behavior. Consuming prey injected with prey-borne bacteria was associated with an elongated lifespan in spiders. thus, indirect evidence from multiple experiments suggests that the effects of these bacteria on spider survivorship appear contingent on their mode of colonization and whether they are applied in monoculture or within a mixed cocktail. We urge that follow-up studies should test these host-microbe interactions across different social contexts to determine the role that microbes play in colony performance.

关键词： cuticular bacteria sickness behavior social spider Stegodyphus dumicola.

robust Multi-Objective Optimization of Chromatographic rare Earth Element Separation

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2017年第4期7卷 477-493页

作者： Hans-Kristian knutson Anders Holmqvist Niklas Andersson Bernt Nilsson Department of Chemical Engineering Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lund University Lund Sweden

rare earth elements are strategic commodities in many countries, and an important resource for the growing modern technology industry. As such, there is an increasing interest for development of rare earth element processing, and this work is a part of further development of chromatography as a rare earth element separation process method. Process optimization is pivotal for process development, and it is common that several competing objectives must be regarded. Chromatographic separation processes often consider competing objectives, such as productivity, yield, pool concentration and modifier consumption, which leads to Pareto optimal solutions. Adding robustness to a process is of great importance to account for process disturbances and uncertainties but generally comes with reduced performance of the other process objectives as a trade off. In this study, a model-based robust multi-objective optimization was carried out for batch-wise chromatographic separation of the rare earth elements samarium, europium and gadolinium, which was considered highly un-robust due to the neighbouring peaks proximity to the product pooling horizon. the results from the robust optimization were used to chart the required operation point changes for keeping the amount of failed batches at an acceptable level when a certain level of process disturbance was introduced. the loss of process performance due to the gained robustness was found to be in the range of 10% - 20% reduced productivity when comparing the robust and un-robust Pareto solutions at Pareto points with identical yield. the methodology presented shows how to increase robustness to a highly un-robust system while still keeping multiple objectives at their optima.

关键词： rare Earth Elements Chromatography Multi-Objective Optimization robust Optimization