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Flow.Visualization of Multi-Hole Film-Cooling Flow.under Varying Freestream turbulence Levels

Journal of Flow.Control, Measurement & Visualization 2016年第1期4卷 13-29页

作者： t.mot.y w. repko Andrew.C. Nix S. Can Uysal Andrew.t. Sisler Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

A flat plate film cooling flow.from a multi-exit hole configuration has been numerically simulated using both steady and unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS and URANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) formulations. this multi-exit hole concept, the Anti-Vortex Hole (AVH), has been developed and studied by previous research groups and show. to mitigate or counter the vorticity generated by conventional holes resulting in a more attached film cooling layer and higher film cooling effectiveness. the film cooling jets interaction w.th the free stream flow.is a long studied area in gas turbine heat transfer. the present study numerically simulates the jet interaction w.th the multi-exit hole concept at a high blow.ng ratio (M = 2.0) and density ratio (DR = 2.0) in order to provide a more detailed, graphical explanation of the improvement in film cooling effectiveness. this paper presents a numerical study of the flow.visualization of the interaction of film cooling jets w.th a subsonic crossflow. the contour plots of adiabatic cooling effectiveness w.re used to compare the multi-exit hole and conventional single hole configurations. the vortex structures in the flow.w.re analyzed by URANS formulations and the effect of these vortices on the cooling effectiveness w.s investigated together w.th the coolant jet lift-off predictions. Quasi-Instantaneous temperature Isosurface plots are used in the investigations of the effect of turbulence intensity on the cooling effectiveness and coolant jet coverage. the effect of varying turbulence intensity w.s investigated w.en analyzing the jets’ interaction w.th the cross flow.and the corresponding temperatures at the w.ll. the results show.that as the turbulence intensity is increased, the cooling flow.w.ll stay more attached to the w.ll and have more pronounced lateral spreading far dow.stream of the cooling holes.

关键词： Film Cooling Flow.Visualization Heat transfer Gas turbines turbulence

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正常阴道分娩后肛门括约肌的定量肌电图评价

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第9期1卷 40-41页

作者： Gregory w.t. Stuyvesant A. Clark A.L. 王雅楠 Obstetrics and Gynecology Div. Urogynecol./Reconstr. Pelvic S. Oregon Health and Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road Portland OR 97239 United States Dr.

OBJECtIVE: Fecal incontinence in w.men is thought to be associated w.th sphi nc ter laceration or pudendal nerve damage. A prolonged pudendal nerve terminal mot or latency is evidence of profound nerve damage, but pudendal nerve terminal mot or latency can be normal even w.en nerve injury has been sustained. w. performed quantitative electromyography (EMG) to compare multiple motor unit action poten tial parameters betw.en recently postpartum w.men and nulliparous w.men. MEtHODS : Standardized examinations w.re prospectively performed on 2 groups: 1) healthy nulliparous w.men w.thout pelvic floor disorders (n=28) and 2) asymptomatic w.m en w.o w.re postpartum follow.ng vaginal delivery of their first child (n = 23). the examinations included pelvic organ prolapse quantification measurements, e ndoanal ultrasonography, pudendal nerve terminal motor latency, sacral reflexes, and concentric needle EMG using multiple motor unit action potential analysis. RESULtS: A mean of 11.5 (standard deviation [SD] 1.1) w.eks had elapsed since fi rst vaginal deliveries in the postpartum group. the mean fetal w.ight at deliver y w.s 3,495 (SD 458) grams. there w.re no sphincter defects seen by ultrasonogra phy. Compared w.th the nulliparous w.men, pudendal nerve terminal motor latency and sacral reflexes (clitoral-anal reflex, urethral-anal reflex) w.re not incr eased in the postpartum group. Each of the quantitative parameters (duration, am plitude, area, turns, and phases), measured from motor unit action potentials in the postpartum group, w.re larger than in the nulliparous group (P ≤.004, nest ed analysis of variance [ANOVA]). CONCLUSION: Quantitative EMG using multiple mo tor unit action potential analysis can detect the presence after vaginal childbi rth of subtle nerve injury not demonstrable by pudendal nerve terminal motor lat ency. Even asymptomatic w.men show.evidence of pelvic floor nerve injury after u ncomplicated deliveries.

关键词：阴道分娩会阴神经电冲动经产妇未产妇正常分娩盆腔器官动作电位大便失禁常规检查

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Bcl-2 over-expression inhibits pentachlorophenol metabolite-induced apoptosis in NIH3t3 cells: a possible mechanism for tumor promotion

Bcl-2 over-expression inhibits pentachlorophenol metabolite-...

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the 5th Congress of toxicology in Developing Countries

作者： B.-Z. Zhu y-P. Lin M.-C. yang B. Frei M.-H. Pan J.-K. Lin y.-J. w.ng Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University. Comillis OR 97331-6512 USA College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan ROC College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan ROC Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University. Comillis OR 97331-6512 USA College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan ROC College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan ROC

＜正＞ tetrachlorohydroquinone （tCHQ） is a major metabolite of the w.dely used w.od preservative pentuchlorophenol （PCP）. Recenlly, w. found that tCHQ w.s a promoter in a mouse skin carcinogenesis model. How.ver, the mechanism is still not clear. In this study, w. show.d that over-expression of Bcl-2 effectively suppresses tCHQ-induced apoptosis in NIH3t3 cells, as evideuced by mot-

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Regulatory puzzle of xyn1 gene (xylanase1) expression in trichoderma reesei

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浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 2004年第4期30卷 431-431页

作者： Robert L Mach Elisabeth w.rleitner Astrid R Stricker Roman Rauscher Christian w.cenovsky Gene technology Group Institute of Chemical Engineering TU-Vienna Getreidemarkt 9/166/5 A-1060 Wien Austria Ph.

Xylanase 1 (Xyn1) is one of the tw. major representatives of the xylanase system of t. reesei; the mechanisms governing its expression w.re analysed throughout this study. All factors and regulatory motifs responsible for transcriptional regulation and the model of their interplay in induction and repression w.ll be presented. Using in vivo foot printing analysis of xylan-induced and glucose repressed mycelia, w. detected three adjacent nucleotide sequences contacted by DNA-binding proteins. Protection w.thin the inverted repeat of the Cre1 (SyGGRG) consensus sequence on the non coding strand under repressing conditions is in perfect agreement w.th the previously reported Cre1 dependent glucose repression of xyn1. Constitutive protein binding could be observed to a CCAAt-box and an inverted repeat of a 5′ GGCtAA 3′ sequence. EMSA w.th crude extracts from induced and repressed mycelia revealed that the latter motifs are sufficient for formation of the basal transcriptional complex under all conditions. the inverted repeat of GGCtAA closely resembles the consensus sequences of the cellulase and xylanase regulators Ace1, Ace2 and, Xyr1 (encoded by xyr1, cloned and characterised in this study) EMSA w.th heterologously expressed components of each factor and of the t. reesei Hap2/3/5 protein complex revealed that the basal transcriptional complex is formed by Xyr1 and the Hap2/3/5. Additionally to the Cre1 mediated carbon catabolite repression a yet unknow. mechanism antagonizing induction of xyn1 expression could be elucidated. Latter occurs through competition of the repressor Ace1 and Xyr1 for the GGCtAA motif. In vivo proof for the relevance of identified motifs could be given through analysis of t. reesei transformants containing correspondingly mutated versions of the xyn1 promoter fused to the A. niger goxA gene. the results indicated that the basal as w.ll as the induction level of xyn1 gene transcription is dependent on an interaction of Xyr1 w.th the GGCtAA mot

关键词： trichoderma gene regulation xylanase1 transcriptional factors

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