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An investigation of the effects of hydrochar application rate on soil amelioration and plant growth in three diverse soils

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Biochar 2021年第3期3卷 349-365页

作者： Megan de jager Luise Giani Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Institut Für Biologie Und UmweltwissenschaftenOldenburgGermany

the hydrothermal carbonization(HtC)of biogas digestate alters the raw materials inherent characteristics to produce a carbon(C)-rich hydrochar(HC),with an improved suitability for soil *** studies report conflicting impacts of various HC application rates on soil properties and plant *** this study,the influence of HC application rate on soil improvement and plant growth aspects was investigated in three diverse soils(Chernozem,Podzol,and Gleysol).Pot trials were conducted in which all soils were amended with 5,10,20 and 30%(w/w)HC in quintuplicate,with two controls of pure soil(with and without plants,respectively)also *** to potting,soil samples were collected from all HC-amended soils and controls and analyzed for soil pH,plant available nutrients(PO4-P and K),and microbial activity using standard laboratory and statistical *** after potting,a 6-week seed germination experiment using Chinese cabbage was conducted to determine germination success,followed by a plant growth experiment of equal duration and plant species to determine biomass *** the end of the study(after a total plant growth period of 12 weeks),each pot was sampled and comparatively analyzed for the same soil properties as at the beginning of the *** pH shifted toward the pH of the HC(6.6)in all soils over the course of the study,but was most expressed in the 20%and 30%application rates,confirming the well-documented liming effect of *** addition of HC increased the PO4-P and K contents,particularly with 20%and 30%HC *** results are proposedly due to the large labile C fraction of the HC,which is easily degradable by *** rapid decomposition of this C fraction prompted the quick release of the HCs inherently high PO4-P and K content into the soil,and in turn,further stimulated microbial activity,until this fraction was essentially *** addition did not inhibit seed germination at any rate,presumabl

关键词： Biogas digestate Hydrochar application rate Soil improvement Nutrient availability Microbial activity

the stability of carbon from a maize-derived hydrochar as a function of fractionation and hydrothermal carbonization temperature in a Podzol

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 315-326页

作者： Megan de jager Frank Schröter Michael Wark Luise Giani Institut Für Biologie Und Umweltwissenschaften Carl Von Ossietzky Univer-sitätOldenburgGermany Institut Für Chemie Carl Von Ossietzky UniversitätOldenburgGermany

Hydrochar(HC)produced by the hydrothermal carbonization(HtC)of typically wet biomass is generally considered to be less effective for carbon(C)sequestration in soils compared to biochar(BC)by pyrolysis,due to a higher content of more easily decomposable *** the recalcitrance of HC is suggested to improve with increasing HtC production temperature,the way it interacts and becomes associated with soil organic matter(SOM)fractions of different stabilities against decomposition,may also influence its effectiveness for C sequestration in *** that respect,this study aimed to verify the potential of HCs from maize silage produced at different HtC temperatures(190,210 and 230℃)for C sequestration in a HC-amended sandy loam *** do this,we conducted a pot trial experiment and traced the fate of HC-derived C(HC-C)within different SOM fractions,namely the free-and occluded particulate organic matter(POMF and POMO,respectively)fractions and that comprising organic matter(OM)bound to clays(OMCl).Approx.1 year after applying 5%of the different HtC temperature HCs to the soil,the SOM fractions were isolated by density fractionation for each HC treatment(HC190,HC210 and HC230)and the control(absent of HC).All fractions and the HCs were analyzed for organic C(OC)content and isotopic signatures(δ^(13)C).From the δ^(13)C signatures,the amount of HC-C and native soil organic carbon(SOC)within each fraction was *** C contents and decreased H/C and O/C ratios were observed with increasing HtC production temperatures,which sug-gests a lower stability for the low temperature *** ca.1 year,a loss of~20-23%of the bulk soil tOC was found in the HC-amended *** POMF fraction of the HC-amended soils showed losses of 68-81%HC-C and 52-72%native SOC,which may be due to a positive priming effect caused by HC *** POM_(O) and OM_(Cl) fractions of the HC-amended soils contained more OC than the control,indicating the integration of HC-C together wi

关键词： Hydrochar Carbon sequestration Carbon stabilization Soil organic matter fractions Soil density fractionation δ^(13)C analysis

Fault Current Limiters and Impacts on the System Protection Behavior

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2010年第10期4卷 54-57页

作者： J. jager t. Keil Electrical Power System Friedrich-A lexander- University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen 91058 Germany

A deregulated power market is making short-circuit currents likely to exceed the thermal or mechanical permissible limits of switchgear. Consequently fault current limiters （FCL） become more necessary in power systems. the use of FCLs has an impact on the protection schemes and functions in power systems. thus, before FCLs can be applied in the network, the impacts on existing protection system must be understood. Depending on the current limiting technique used, today＇s protection concepts may have to be adapted or revised to ensure proper network protection selectivity. A relationship between fault current limiters and protection schemes should be established by taking into account both protection and network specific issues, such as the impact of different FCL technologies, existing and new protection concepts, selectivity and innovative network. this paper is presenting a frame work for accomplishing this task.

关键词： Fault current limiter first cycle behavior follow current protection system pick-up processing selectivity coordination.

Retrospect and prospect: 30 years of Formula conferences!

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Particuology 2019年第3期17卷 3-6页

作者： Alain Durand Jordi Esquena Ning Yang Guanghui Ma Ying Ren Frank Kleine jager Bernd Sachweh Universite de Lorraine CNRS LCPM F-54000 Nancy France Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia CSIC 08034 Barcelona Spain Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China BASF SE 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany BASF Advanced Chemicals Co. Ltd. No 300 Shanghai 20013乙 China

the history of Formula conferences was summarized with a particular focus on Formula I and Formula Ⅸ (the first and last conferences of the series).the foundation of formulation during the middle of the 1980s by people from academia and industry in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering was briefly *** current trends in formulation as well as in product engineering were listed.

关键词： Formulation Engineering Product Formula conferences

集成AFM测头的纳米测量机用于台阶高度的评价

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计量学报 2008年第4期29卷 297-300页

作者：郭彤陈津平傅星 t. Hausotte G. jager 胡小唐天津大学精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室天津300072 伊尔梅瑙工业大学过程测量与传感技术研究所

利用纳米测量机(NMM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)实现了高精度的台阶高度评价,该系统的测量范围可以达到25 mm×25 mm×5 mm。文中描述了NMM和AFM的工作原理,说明了NMM的高精度定位性能,系统利用NMM实现x、y方向的扫描,AFM测头只是作为零点传感... 详细信息

利用纳米测量机(NMM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)实现了高精度的台阶高度评价,该系统的测量范围可以达到25 mm×25 mm×5 mm。文中描述了NMM和AFM的工作原理,说明了NMM的高精度定位性能,系统利用NMM实现x、y方向的扫描,AFM测头只是作为零点传感器,通过将AFM的悬臂梁反馈控制信号引入到NMM的数字信号控制器中,NMM实现在z方向的辅助测量,这种测量模式减小了AFM的PZt扫描器固有特性对测量的影响。根据ISO 5436—1:2000的评价方法对经过标定的台阶高度进行评价,14次测量的标准偏差为0.52 nm。

关键词：计量学纳米测量机原子力显微镜台阶高度标准

Impact of Si on the high-temperature oxidation of AlCr(Si)N coatings

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2022年第5期100卷 91-100页

作者： Nikolaus jager Michael Meindlhumer Michal Zitek Stefan Spor Hynek Hruby Farwah Nahif Jaakko Julin Martin Rosenthal Jozef Keckes Christian Mitterer Rostislav Daniel Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Synthesis of Novel Multifunctional Coatings at the Department of Materials Science Montanuniversität LeobenAustria voestalpine eifeler Vacotec GmbH DüsseldorfGermany Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfDresdenGermany Department of Physics University of JyvaskylaFinland European Synchrotron Radiation Facility GrenobleFrance Erich Schmid Institute for Materials Science Austrian Academy of SciencesAustria Department of Materials Science Montanuniversität LeobenAustria

the resistance of wear protective coatings against oxidation is crucial for their use at high ***,three nanocomposite AlCr(Si)N coatings with a fixed Al/Cr atomic ratio of 70/30 and a varying Si-content of 0 at.%,2.5 at.% and 5 at.% were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry,thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray in order to understand the oxidation behavior depending on their ***,a partially oxidized AlCrSiN coating with 5 at.%Si on a sapphire substrate was studied across the coating thickness by depth-resolved cross-sectional X-ray nanodiffraction and scanning trans-mission electron microscopy to investigate the elemental composition,morphology,phases and residual stress evolution of the oxide scale and the non-oxidized coating *** results reveal enhanced oxidation properties of the AlCr(Si)N coatings with increasing Si-content,as demonstrated by a retarded onset of oxidation to higher temperatures from 1100℃ for AlCrN to 1260℃ for the Si-containing coatings and a simultaneous deceleration of the oxidation *** annealing of the AlCrSiN sample with5 at.%Si at an extraordinary high temperature of 1400℃ for 60 min in ambient air,three zones developed throughout the coating strongly differing in their composition and structure:(i)a dense oxide layer comprising an Al-rich and a Cr-rich zone formed at the very top,followed by(ii)a fine-grained transition zone with incomplete oxidation and(iii)a non-oxidized zone with a porous *** varying elemental composition of these zones is furthermore accompanied by micro-structural variations and a complex residual stress development revealed by cross-sectional X-ray *** results provide a deeper understanding of the oxidation behavior of AlCr(Si)N coatings depending on their Si-content and the associated elemental,microstructural and residual stress evolution during high-temperature oxidation.

关键词： AlCrSiN Nanocomposite Cathodic arc Oxidation behaviour Cross-sectional X-ray nanodiffraction

Adequate Diagnostic Performance of Combined [¹⁸F]-Fluormethylcholine PEt-Ct with Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Primary Staging of High Risk Prostate Cancer

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Advances in Molecular Imaging 2016年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： Pieter L. jager R. Jorn Beukinga tjard D. de Haan Martijn F Boomsma Ben E. Laddé Miranda van t Veer-ten Kate Ad H. J. Oostdijk Martijn G. Steffens Department of Nuclear Medicine Zwolle Netherlands Department of Urology Zwolle Netherlands Department of Radiology Zwolle Netherlands Department of Pathology Zwolle Netherlands

Introduction: [18F]-fluoro-methylcholine (FCH) PEt/Ct and MRI with diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) have insufficient performance in lymph node staging of primary prostate cancer by themselves, but the combination may perform better. We aim to prospectively determine the diagnostic performance of combined FCH PEt and MRI for lymph node staging. Methods: this was a single site study of diagnostic accuracy in a well-defined group of 21 consecutive high-risk primary prostate cancer patients (>30% chance of lymph node metastases) in a large community hospital. We performed FCH PEt/Ct and MRI with DW-MRI prior to endoscopic extended pelvic lymph node dissection (EPLND). PEt was fused and interpreted together with various MRI image sets (t1, t2, DWIBS) and was only scored positive when a lymph node seen on MRI coincided with increased focal FCH uptake on PEt. Findings were compared with detailed histological evaluation, on a per-patient and per-region level. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of combined PEt-MRI. Results: 14 out of 21 patients had metastatic lymph nodes with 37 out of 164 evaluable regions harboring metastases. On a per-patient analysis, PEt-MRI had a sensitivity/specificity of 79/100% with a PPV/NPV of 100/77%. On a per-region analysis (n = 164) these figure were 65/99% and 96/91%, respectively. Conclusions: Combined DW-MRI and FCH PEt/Ct has a very high positive predictive value in high risk prostate cancer patients. If confirmed in larger series a positive combined scan may safely allow cancellation of surgical staging in selected patients, depending on local protocols in N1 M0 patients.

关键词： Positron Emission tomography Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Fluor-Methyl-Choline Prostate Cancer Primary Staging

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赫司特山梨酸钾应用于软饮料

中国食品工业 1996年第1期 23-23页

作者： Pieke.,t.jager,M

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简要分析泪囊闪烁照相术的临床应用价值

世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 35-36页

作者： jager P.L. Mansour K. Vrakkink-de Zoete H. 陈立军 Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Groningen Groningen Netherlands

PURPOSE: to study the discriminatory ability of dacryoscin-tigraphy in differentiating between patients with epiphora and volunteers using a simple method. Methods: twenty eyes in ten volunteers and 66 eyes in 55 patients with severe epiphora were studied. Dacryoscintigraphy (15 frames of 1min)was performed after administration of 4 MBq 99m tc-pertechnetate (10 μl) in both eyes. By mapping a single region of interest (ROI)-over the conjunctival sac we determined t1 (%dose in first minute) and linear clearance rate (LCR, defined as 100%(t1-t15)/t1 from the tracer disappearance curve. Reproducibility was determined in volunteers. Conjunctival resorption was determined from completely obstructed systems. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was conducted. Results: In volunteers mean t1 was 52.8±11.9%(95%CI 47.1-58.4%), and LCR was 74.2±11.1%(95%CI 69.0-79.4%). Reproducibility was good (mean difference 4.1±13.3%for t1 and 0.7±17%for LCR). Epiphora patients had clearly higher t1 (82.1±15.2%, Ptracer resorption was 24%. Based on ROC analysis 70%for t1 and 50%for LCR were considered optimal cut-off levels to separate patients from volunteers. Sensitivity/specificity were 77/95%for t1 and 71/100%for LCR. t1 and LCR values did not correlate with symptomscores or Anel test results. Conclusion: Dacryoscintigraphy, using LCR and t1 as parameters, is a reliable and objectivemethod to detect tear-flow abnormalities.

关键词：临床应用价值泪囊受试者操作特征曲线照相术闪烁照相吸收能力高锝酸钠可重复性泪道阻塞正常人