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Laser-direct-drive program: Promise, challenge, and path forward

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2017年第2期2卷 37-54页

作者： E.M.Campbell V.N.Goncharov t.C.Sangster S.P.Regan P.B.Radha R.Betti J.F.Myatt D.H.Froula M.J.Rosenberg I.V.Igumenshchev W.Seka A.A.Solodov A.V.Maximov J.A.Marozas t.J.B.Collins D.turnbull F.J.Marshall A.Shvydky J.P.Knauer R.L.McCrory A.B.Sefkow M.Hohenberger P.A.Michel t.chapman L.Masse C.Goyon S.Ross J.W.Bates M. Karasik J.Oh J.Weaver A.J.Schmitt K.Obenschain S.P.Obenschain S.Reyes B.Van Wonterghem Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCAUSA Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDCUSA

Along with laser-indirect(X-ray)-drive and magnetic-drive target concepts,laser direct drive is a viable approach to achieving ignition and gain with inertial confinement *** the United States,a national program has been established to demonstrate and understand the physics of laser direct *** program utilizes the Omega Laser Facility to conduct implosion and coupling physics at the nominally 30-kJ scale and lasereplasma interaction and coupling physics at the MJ scale at the National Ignition *** article will discuss the motivation and challenges for laser direct drive and the broad-based program presently underway in the United States.

关键词： Inertial fusion Direct drive Laser interactions Hydrodynamics Omega National ignition facility

A road for a promising future for China＇s primates： the potential for restoration

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Zoological Research 2018年第4期39卷 244-248页

作者： Colin A. chapman Department of Anthropology McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 2T7 Canada Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx New York 10460 USA Section of Social Systems Evolution Primate Research Institute Kyoto University Inuyama 484-8506 Japan

China is one of the most dynamic countries of the world and it shelters some amazing levels of biodiversity, including some very special primate species. However, primarily as a result of forest loss, most of which occurred in historical times, approximately 70% of China＇s primate species have less than 3 000 individuals. Here I evaluate one road for future conservation/development that could produce very positive gains for China＇s primates; namely forest restoration. I argue that for a large scale restoration project to be possible two conditions must be met; the right societal conditions must exist and the right knowledge must be in hand. this evaluation suggests that the restoration of native forest to support many of China＇s primates holds great potential to advance conservation goals and to promote primate population recovery.

关键词： Conservation Forest restoration Regeneration Primate population dynamics

Helper t cell differentiation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第7期16卷 634-643页

作者： Jordy Saravia Nicole M.chapman Hongbo Chi Department of Immunology St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA

CD4^(+)t helper cells are key regulators of host health and *** the original model,specialized subsets of t helper cells are generated following activation through lineage-specifying cytokines and transcriptional programs,but recent studies have revealed increasing complexities for CD4^(+)t-cell ***,we first discuss CD4^(+)t-cell differentiation from a historical perspective by highlighting the major studies that defined the distinct subsets of t helper *** next describe the mechanisms underlying CD4^(+)t-cell differentiation,including cytokine-induced signaling and transcriptional *** then review current and emerging topics of differentiation,including the plasticity and heterogeneity of t cells,the tissue-specific effects,and the influence of cellular metabolism on cell fate ***,recent advances in cutting-edge approaches,especially systems biology tools,have contributed to new concepts and mechanisms underlying t-cell differentiation and will likely continue to advance this important research area of adaptive immunity.

关键词： t cells treg differentiation plasticity immunometabolism

t-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma in a child:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第6期6卷 121-126页

作者： chapman Wei Chaplin Wei Omar Alhalabi Lei Chen George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences at Washington St. George’s University School of Medicine Division of Cancer Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Texas Mc Govern Medical School at Houston

t-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma is uncommon in children population. there were few cases reported in the literature with wide range clinical presentations including advanced stage, and more involvement of liver, spleen and bone marrow. Head and neck lymphadenopathy tends to present in younger children. We report a case of 10-year-old boy who initially presented intermittent fever, headaches and neck lymphadenopathy. Subsequently, he developed diffuse lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. t-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed on a cervical lymph node biopsy. Cervical lymphadenopathy in this age group is most commonly reactive or nonmalignant processes. Lymphoma is much less frequent; mainly are non-Hodgkin lymphomas. However, a subset of large B-cell lymphoma called t-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma is rare in children.

关键词： Pediatric t-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma Head and neck lymphadenopathy

Review of primary sclerosing cholangitis with increased IgG4 levels

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第23期26卷 3126-3144页

作者： Charis D Manganis Roger W chapman Emma L Culver translational Gastroenterology Unit and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre John Radcliffe HospitalOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) is a chronic progressive liver disease. Subtypes of PSC have been described, most recently PSC with elevated serum and/or tissue IgG4 subclass. We aim to summarise the clinical phenotype,disease associations, differential diagnosis, response to therapy and pathogenic mechanisms underlying PSC-high IgG4 subtype. We reviewed Pub Med,MEDLINE and Embase with the search terms "primary sclerosing cholangitis","IgG4", and "IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis(IgG4-SC)". Elevated serum IgG4 are found in up-to one-quarter, and abundant IgG4-plasma cell infiltrates in the liver and bile ducts are found in up-to one-fifth of PSC patients. this group have a distinct clinical phenotype, with some studies reporting a more aggressive course of liver and associated inflammatory bowel disease, compared to PSCnormal IgG4 and the disease mimic IgG4-SC. Distinguishing PSC-high IgG4 from IgG4-SC remains challenging, requiring careful assessment of clinical features,organ involvement and tissue morphology. Calculation of serum IgG4:IgG1 ratios and use of a novel IgG4:IgG RNA ratio have been reported to have excellent specificity to distinguish IgG4-SC and PSC-high IgG4 but require validation in larger cohorts. A role for corticosteroid therapy in PSC-high IgG4 remains unanswered, with concerns of increased toxicity and lack of outcome data. the immunological drivers underlying prominent IgG4 antibodies in PSC are incompletely defined. An association with PSC-high IgG4 and HLA class-II haplotypes(B*07, DRB1*15), t-helper2 and t-regulatory cytokines(IL4, IL10,IL13) and chemokines(CCL1, CCR8) have been described. PSC-high IgG4 have a distinct clinical phenotype and need careful discrimination from IgG4-SC,although response to immunosuppressive treatments and long-term outcome remains unresolved. the presence of IgG4 likely represents chronic activation to persistent antigenic exposure in genetically predisposed individuals.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis IgG4 IgG4-related disease IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis

Regional scientific research benefits threatened-species conservation

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1076-1079页

作者： Yisi Hu Zhenhua Luo Colin A.chapman Stuart L.Pimm Samuel t.turvey Michael J.Lawes Carlos A.Peres tien Ming Lee Pengfei Fan School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Department of Anthropology and School of Environment Mc Gill University School of Life Sciences University of Kwa Zulu-Natal the College of Life Sciences Northwest University Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University

Although conventional wisdom considers knowledge of threatened species’ ecology and status essential for conservation, few studies demonstrate this in a quantitative way across many species and within the same political entity. Here,we evaluated the impacts of scientific research against conservation interventions(including funding) and specieslevel correlates, accounting for phylogenetic relatedness, on the conservation

关键词： China Regional scientific research benefits threatened-species conservation

Nanoparticle targeting with Antibodies in the Central Nervous System

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 159-176页

作者： Ju Hyun Lee Dana V.chapman W.Mark Saltzman Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA

treatments for disease in the central nervous system(CNS)are limited because of difficulties in agent penetration through the blood-brain barrier,achieving optimal dosing,and mitigating off-target *** prospect of precision medicine in CNS treatment suggests an opportunity for therapeutic nanotechnology,which offers tunability and adaptability to address specific diseases as well as targetability when combined with antibodies(Abs).Here,we review the strategies to attach Abs to nanoparticles(NPs),including conventional approaches of chemisorption and physisorption as well as attempts to combine irreversible Ab immobilization with controlled *** also summarize trends that have been observed through studies of systemically delivered Ab–NP conjugates in ***,we discuss the future outlook for Ab–NPs to deliver therapeutics into the CNS.

关键词： agent irreversible particle

Etiopathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第21期14卷 3350-3359页

作者： Roger chapman Sue Cullen Department of Gastroen-terology John Radcliffe HospitalHeadingtonOxford OX3 9DUUnited Kingdom

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiology but lymphocytic portal tract infiltration is suggestive of an immune-mediated basis for this *** with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) especially ulcerative colitis(UC),and with particular autoimmune diseases,as well as the genetic associations further suggest PSC may be an immune-mediated *** immunogenetics of PSC have been the subject of active research and several HLA and non-HLA associated genes have been implicated in the development of the *** derived from the inflamed gut may enter the liver via the enterohepatic circulation to cause hepatic *** may be triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by infections or toxins entering the portal circulation through a permeable colon and hence evoking an abnormal immune response.

关键词： Autoantibody Immunogenetics Biliaryepithelial cells t cell receptor Lymphocytes

Absence of interleukin-1 receptor 1 increases excitatory and inhibitory scaffolding protein expression and microglial activation in the adult mouse hippocampus

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第5期12卷 645-647页

作者： Una Avdic Deepti Chugh Harer Osman Katie chapman Johanna Jackson Christine t Ekdahl Inflammation and Stem Cell therapy Group Division of Clinical Neurophysiology Lund University Lund Sweden Lund Epilepsy Center Lund University Lund Sweden Current address: Division of Neurology Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund Sweden Current address: Lilly UK Windlesham Surrey UK

In the present study, we demonstrate that adult mice lacking interleukin- 1 receptor 1 （IL- 1R1） exhibit increased express- ion of both the excitatory scaffolding protein postsynaptic density-95 （PSD-95） and inhibitory scaffolding proteinge- phyrin, respectively, in the hippocampus. the morphology of hippocampal microglia is also altered towards a more activated phenotype. these results indicate an important role for IL-1 signaling in maintaining physiological conditions in both neurons and microglia.

关键词：白细胞介素1 白细胞介素类表型海马脑电描记术神经元小神经胶质细胞胰岛素成年人人类小鼠